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1.
黄河三角洲沉积物重金属、氮和磷污染研究① 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
黄河三角洲河流、沼泽、潮坪环境主要为粉砂质沉积,重金属Cd、Pb、Zn和Hg的含量范围分别为0.07～0.30 μg/g,9.7～36.3 μg/g,37.4～110 μg/g和0.01～0.25 μg/g, Cu、 Ni、Cr和Mn的含量范围分别为18.4～58.0 μg/g,17.9～43.7 μg/g,38.7～80.7 μg/g和 423 ～980 μg/g.由于Pb、Zn、Cd和Hg的含量较低,Cu、Ni、Cr和Mn的含量与背景值无明显差别 ,黄河三角洲沉积可能未遭受明显的污染.黄河三角洲富粘土粒级的粉砂质沉积明显富集重金属.但若排除其影响,黄河口沉积物剖面从下至上Pb、Zn、Cd和Hg含量仍呈现上升趋势, 反映出自八十年代以来黄河流域经济快速增长对环境的影响.黄河三角洲沉积物的总氮含量一般较低(110～670 μg/g),其中NH3态氮的比例仅为0.01～0.06.沉积物中总磷含量为4 30～760 μg/g,主要为钙磷酸盐,以FePO4和AlPO4形式存在的磷的含量仅分别占0.00 ～0.08和0.00～0.03.因此,沉积物中的氮和磷不会对环境产生较严重的影响. 相似文献
2.
刘家峡水库西南部水域表层沉积物重金属污染评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究刘家峡水库西南部水域表层沉积物中重金属的污染状况，对采集的55个表层沉积物样品中的6种重金属元素Cr、Cd、Ni、Cu、Zn和Pb的含量进行测试，其平均含量分别为77.03μg/g、0.16μg/g、33.53μg/g、32.09μg/g、291.77μg/g、22.44μg/g。在研究表层沉积物重金属含量空间分布的基础上，运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法，综合判断水库的受污染程度并对其潜在生态风险进行评估。6种元素的地累积指数排序依次为：Zn > Cu > Cd > Ni > Pb > Cr；潜在生态风险系数排序依次为：Cd > Cu > Pb > Zn > Ni > Cr；各区域重金属污染程度或潜在生态风险水平依次为黄河主河道 > 大夏河河口 > 黄河横剖面。综合4种方法的评价结果，认为对刘家峡水库西南部表层沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价贡献率较高的重金属污染因子是Zn、Cu和Cd；综合相关性分析与主成分分析，认为研究区沉积物重金属污染主要来源于两个方面：（1） Zn、Cu主要来源于生活污染或工业污染；（2） Cd主要来源于工农业活动产生的污染。 相似文献
3.
为探讨渤海西部在多重环境因素变化下沉积物中重金属的环境地球化学行为,分析了渤海西部44个站位表层沉积物样品中8种重金属元素含量,研究了重金属元素的分布特征、环境影响因素及其生态风险。结果表明,渤海西部表层沉积物中As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的平均含量分别为117 mg/kg、255 mg/kg、014 mg/kg、689 mg/kg、0037 mg/kg、303 mg/kg、223 mg/kg、757 mg/kg;Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn含量与有机碳含量、小于63 μm细粒沉积物呈显著正相关,其在表层沉积物中的分布明显受到有机质含量和沉积物粒径的控制,而As、Hg分布没有明显受到有机质含量的影响。富集系数显示,Cr、Ni、Pb和Zn为无富集,Cu、As为轻度富集,Cd和Hg为中度富集。与多种背景值和一致性沉积物质量基准相比较,渤海西部表层沉积物Pb、Cd的含量超出背景值,而Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、As、Hg含量也存在一定的异常,但其含量水平引发有害生物效应的可能性不大,尽管重金属元素含量偏高,但生态风险较小。 相似文献
4.
采集了长江南京八卦洲段悬浮物、漫滩柱状沉积物和表层沉积物样品,分析了Al、Fe、Mn、Hg、Ni、Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd、Co、Zn含量.结果表明,柱状沉积物元素含量垂向变化较小,反映沉积物来源比较稳定;表层沉积物微量元素含量因子分析反映元素主要受流域地质影响,Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn等元素还叠加人为活动的影响;悬浮物与长江中下游成矿带地质体的Pb同位素206Pb/207Pb比值非常接近,表明长江中下游成矿带来源悬浮物携带以Cd为代表的重金属对江苏沿江土壤重金属富集胚层起着重要的塑造作用. 相似文献
5.
渤海沿岸环境沉积调查:As、重金属、氮和磷污染 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对天津,河北和辽宁地区沿渤海海岸沉积物进行了粒度,重金属、As、P和N的分析表明,在表层沉积物(<62.5μm粒级)中重金属和As的含量变化很大。在天津地区Hg、Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cr、Mn和As的平均含量(μg/g)分别为0.15、0.19、31.6、46.5、29、112、82、1008和16.2,辽宁地区它们分别为0.08、0.44、24.2、34.1、29、96、64.4、976和13.1,在河北地区它们分别为0.03、0.13、20.3、28.7、22.7、58、63、888和8.5。天津地区Hg、Cr和As的高值(μg/g)为0.26～0.35,83.4～94.9和23.3。河北省个别地区Hg、Cd和Zn含量(μg/g)高达3.12,2.01和602。上述结果反映渤海沿岸沉积物遭受了不同程度的重金属和As的污染。天津环渤海地区表层沉积物中总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的含量(mg/g)分别为0.7～1.5和0.7～1.0,它们在辽宁地区分别为0.5～1.0和0.5～0.7,在河北地区一般为0.6～1.2和0.5～0.8。但是,在河北个别明显遭受Hg、Cd和Zn污染地区的沉积物中TN和TP含量(mg/g)分别高达6.6和1.5,需要研究它对底栖生物的危害。 相似文献
6.
地球化学基线是区分地球化学背景和异常的重要参数.在采集和测试自贡市龙潭镇内168个表层土壤样品的基础上,采用了地质统计学方法建立了研究区内重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg、Cu、Ni、Zn的地球化学基线.在此基础上,应用地质累积指数方法评价了表层土壤重金属的污染状况.结果表明:区内各重金属元素基线值为As(3.86 μg/g)、Cd(0.183μg/g)、Cr(66.41 μg/g)、Pb(28.19 μg/g)、Hg(0.037 μg/g)、Cu( 23.1 μg/g)、Ni(24.5 μg/g)、Zn(62μg/g);研究区内Cd和Hg的污染较突出,各重金属元素的地质累积指数排序为:Cd＞H g＞Zn＞Cu＞As＞Cr＞Ni＞Pb. 相似文献
7.
太湖MS岩芯重金属元素地球化学形态研究 总被引：21，自引：4，他引：17
采用BCR三步提取法对太湖MS岩芯沉积物中Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等6种重金属元素的化学形态进行了研究.结果表明,有效结合态的Cu、Ni和Pb主要以有机物及硫化物结合态、Fe-Mn氧化物结合态存在,Fe和Zn主要以Fe-Mn氧化物结合态存在,Mn主要以可交换态及碳酸盐结合态存在;Fe-Mn氧化物结合态的Ni、Pb和Zn与可还原态的Mn有较好的正相关关系,有机物及硫化物结合态的Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn与有机碳含量有较好的正相关关系;重金属形态分布体现了重金属元素地球化学性质的差异,以及重金属形态含量与沉积物理化性质的关系.沉积岩芯重金属元素形态垂向变化规律及次生相富集系数表明,Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn在沉积岩芯13～4 cm有效结合态含量较稳定,为自然沉积;4～0 cm有效结合态含量明显升高,存在一定程度的人为污染.根据137Cs测年结果判断,沉积岩芯Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等重金属污染开始于20世纪70年代末期,主要污染元素及污染历史与太湖流域污染工业类型及经济发展阶段相吻合. 相似文献
8.
HK-1便携式水质自动分析仪测定环境水中镉铜锌镍铅 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用电化学分析原理,采用HK-1便携式水质自动分析仪测定环境水中Cd、Cu、Zn、 Ni、Pb。建立了流动体系微电解池Au(Hg)-Au-Ag三电极体系,选择1mol／L NH4Cl-NH3 ·H2O为底液,采用阳极溶出伏安法测定Cd、Cu和Pb,催化伏安法测定Ni,阴极伏安法测定Zn。标准曲线法测定Cd、Cu的检测限各为1．0μg/L,Zn为0．1 mg/L,Ni为1．0μg/L,Pb为5μg／L。自行研制的封闭式流动体系便携式水质分析仪能够满足水质分析的要求,并已用于环境科学、给排水系统现场监测。 相似文献
9.
《矿产与地质》2020,(3)
为揭示左江流域崇左段沉积物中重金属分布特征及其生态风险,共采集了27个表层水系沉积物样品,对其进行As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn等8种重金属元素含量和有机质(TOC、TN)的测定。结果表明:表层沉积物中重金属含量空间离散性中等,处于较低污染状态,主要为Cd重金属元素的污染,工业区附近点位出现Hg、Pb和Zn的污染;Cd和Hg表现出中等程度的潜在生态风险;Cd、As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn金属之间及与有机质间呈极显著的正相关,来源基本相似,主要来源是交通污染以及城市生活废水排放,且有机质是影响重金属分布与富集的重要因素。Hg对各金属和有机质相关性较低,Hg的来源与其他组分不同,主要来源于农业灌溉区化肥及农药污染。 相似文献
10.
泉州湾洛阳江河口潮间带沉积物中重金属来源分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用ICP-MS检测技术,对泉州湾洛阳江河口潮间带3个沉积柱中重金属Hg、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Fe的含量与垂向分布特征进行了分析,并结合因子分析、聚类分析和元素地球化学特征对柱中各重金属元素的来源进行了探讨。结果表明,泉州湾洛阳江潮间带柱状沉积物中主要受污染元素为Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg,以人类活动输入为主;V、Mn、Co、Ni、Fe主要受地球化学背景值影响,以自然来源为主。并利用V和Fe作为参考元素,将数据进行标准化,以目标元素和V对应Fe的变化趋势做了归一化分析并作散点图,得出的结论与因子分析和聚类分析的结果一致,说明该方法适用于区分沉积物重金属的自然来源和人为来源。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献