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海洋浮游植物粒径组成及其生物粒径效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋生态系主要由生产者、消费者和分解者构成[1],它们的群落结构和功能 ,生理、生物过程 ,以及在生态系中的物质、能量流动等在很大程度上都与生物粒径大小有关[2～4]。自20世纪60年代 ,随着生物粒径测量技术的不断完善人们提出了海洋生物粒径谱假说 ,即海洋生态系是由最小生物 (如细菌 )至最大生物 (如鲸 )组成的一个生物粒径连续分级谱[5～7]。海洋浮游植物是主要的海洋初级生产者 ,是海洋食物网(链 )的初始环节 [8],因此在生物粒径谱假说的指导下 ,人们逐渐开展了海洋浮游植物粒径组成及其影响因素 ,以及海洋浮游植物生物、化学过程粒径… 相似文献
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弗拉斯-法门期(晚泥盆世)动物灭绝事件是显生宙五次主要生物事件中的一次，在此事件中，大约有21％的海洋生物科和50％的生物属消亡，低纬度热带生物礁生态系和浅水海洋动物所受影响最为严重，而高纬度生态系，深水生物和陆地动、植物群仅受到微弱影响，对于该事件的持续时期和最终原因存在广泛分岐。 相似文献
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真鲷仔鱼的摄食习性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道真鲷仔鱼不同发育时期对生物铒料个体粒度的选择、胃纳量、昼夜摄食节律、饥饿忍受力及不同体积的水体对仔鱼生长影响的比较试验,为种苗生产过程合理投饵、加速内外源营养类型转变、提高仔鱼的成活率提供参考资料。 相似文献
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通过采用两种不同的粒度预处理方案,对南海南部表层沉积物进行了粒度分析,探讨了生物硅对南海南部表层沉积物粒度结果的影响。结果表明,生物硅无论是对粒度组分、粒度参数,还是对沉积物类型都有显著的影响。同时,结合显微镜镜下涂片鉴定的硅质生物碎屑含量,认为要获取有效的南沙陆坡区的陆源沉积物的粒度分布特征需去除掉生物硅。通过对比发现南海南部表层沉积物生物硅的主要粒级分布范围为8~90μm。 相似文献
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水层-底栖耦合生态动力学研究的某些进展 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
张志南 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(1):115-122
概述浅海生态系的水层系统与底栖系统耦合的基本原理,着重介绍有机质沉降动力学、底栖生态系统对有机质的响应、生物沉降和侧向平流、生物扰动和沉积物再悬浮研究的进展,结语中提出应予优先支持研究的科学问题。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(3)
通过采用两种不同的粒度预处理方案,对南海南部表层沉积物进行了粒度分析,探讨了生物硅对南海南部表层沉积物粒度结果的影响。结果表明,生物硅无论是对粒度组分、粒度参数,还是对沉积物类型都有显著的影响。同时,结合显微镜镜下涂片鉴定的硅质生物碎屑含量,认为要获取有效的南沙陆坡区的陆源沉积物的粒度分布特征需去除掉生物硅。通过对比发现南海南部表层沉积物生物硅的主要粒级分布范围为8~90μm。 相似文献
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本文综述了中国对虾养殖中自身有机质污染现况,以及有待解决的几个问题,并就控制和改善其自身有机质污染的途径方面阐明了以下观点:其一,我国目前普遍采纳单一对虾半精养模式,因该模式阻断了生态系的物质循环路线,引起有机质→微生物→营养盐→浮游植物→有机质之间的恶性物质循环,以及过剩饵料和生物残骸等有机物质沉积量超过微生物分解能力,且不能得到其它生物的利用等原因,使得有机质在虾塘底部大量积累,引起了养殖生态系自身环境和邻近浅海大生态环境的恶化。首先应加强科学的统筹管理,摆正经济效益和生态效益的关系,避免盲目性。其二,强化人工调控的作用,尽量使对生态系的人工调控成为有效调控,以弥补该生态系中自我调控的不足。其三,应大力推广虾塘内部及其邻近浅海的多元化养殖。 相似文献
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We examine the capacity of nematodes from three feeding types (deposit feeder, epistrate feeder, predator) to utilize microphytobenthos (MPB), and assess whether diatom cell size and consumer body size are important drivers of their feeding. We analyzed natural stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in abundant nematode genera and a variety of carbon sources at an estuarine intertidal flat. All nematodes had δ13C indicating that MPB is their major carbon source. δ15N, however, demonstrated that only one deposit and one epistrate feeder genus obtained most of their carbon from direct grazing on MPB, whereas other deposit feeders and predators obtained at least part of their carbon by predation on MPB grazers. We then performed a microcosm experiment in which equal cell numbers of each of three differently sized strains of the pennate diatom Seminavis were offered as food to four, one and one genera of deposit feeders, epistrate feeders and predators, respectively. Previous studies have shown that all but the epistrate feeder ingest whole diatoms, whereas the epistrate feeder pierces cells and sucks out their contents. Most genera showed markedly higher carbon absorption from medium and large cells than from small ones. When considering the number of cells consumed, however, none of the nematodes which ingest whole cells exhibited a clear preference for any specific diatom size. The epistrate feeder was the smallest nematode taxon considered here, yet it showed a marked preference for large cells. These results highlight that the feeding mechanism is much more important than consumer size as a driver of particle size selection in nematodes grazing MPB. 相似文献
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The deficit of 234Th relative to its radioactive parent 238U in the surface ocean can yield reliable estimates of vertical Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) fluxes to deeper waters, but only when coupled with an accurate ratio of POC concentration to activity of 234Th on sinking matter. Assuming a simple partitioning of suspended phytoplankton mass between single cells and flocs, we calculate the ratio of the POC flux estimated from 234Th deficit to the actual POC flux (p ratio, Smith, J.N., Moran, S.B., Speicher, E.A., in press. The p-ratio: a new diagnostic for evaluating the accuracy of upper ocean particulate organic carbon export fluxes estimated from 234Th/238U disequilibrium. Deep-Sea Research I.). The p ratios are calculated under the assumption that particle surface area is correlated with 234Th activity and particle volume is correlated with POC concentration. The value of the p ratio depends on the relative contributions of single cells and flocs to the vertical flux. When large single cells make up a significant fraction of the vertical flux, p ratios are less than one, meaning POC fluxes estimated from 234Th deficits underestimate actual POC fluxes. When large single cells are abundant but do not sink fast enough to contribute to vertical POC flux, p ratios are greater than one (up to 3 × overestimate). Factor analysis of the model indicates that altering the extent of flocculation in suspension and changing the density and maximum size of phytoplankton cells have the greatest effects on the p ratio. Failure to measure the properties of flocs when characterizing the ratio of POC to thorium on sinking matter potentially leads to large overestimation of the POC flux (over 20 ×). Failure to characterize the POC to thorium ratio of large particles, by, for example, destruction of phytoplankton cells in pumps, can lead to underestimation of POC flux. Estimates of POC flux should be most reliable in highly flocculated suspensions populated by small cells and rapidly sinking flocs. These conditions are often associated with intense phytoplankton blooms. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):411-421
Changes in phytoplankton abundance and size brought on by changes in water-column stratification are shown to affect copepod fecundity. The response of copepods to changes in their food environment, as manifested by changes in rates of egg production, is compared for two different time-scales: seasonal-to-weekly in Long Island Sound, New York, and event-scale-to-daily off the coast of central Chile. The data sets discussed include a time-series of hydrographic and chlorophyll samples along with measurements of copepod egg production (made using an incubation technique) carried out each week in Long Island Sound during 1985 and a 25-day time-series of daily measurements of the same variables at a fixed station in the nearshore coastal upwelling zone off Concepción, Chile, in January 1986. Egg production was often low, suggesting food-limitation. Temporal variations in the fecundity of the copepods Temora longicornis and Acarlia tonsa in Long Island Sound did not follow changes in total phytoplankton biomass, but rather changes in the concentration of chlorophyll in the > 10 μm and > 20 μm size fractions. Off Chile, changes in fecundity of Calanus chilensis mirrored changes in both total phytoplankton biomass and the > 20 μm size fraction. This fact demonstrates that herbivorous copepods follow closely changes in their food environment and suggests that there is a close coupling between food quality of phytoplankton (in terms of particle size), ingestion and egg production by adult females. 相似文献
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Particle size of suspended matter in estuaries 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D. Eisma 《Geo-Marine Letters》1991,11(3-4):147-153
Suspended matter usually flocculates into fragile flocs that break up during sampling and analysis. Coulter counter and pipette
size analysis are therefore an indication of floc strength. Grain-size distributions (after removal of organic matter) give
an indication of the relative amount of grains transported as flocs (as opposed to being transported as single particles).In situ size distributions of suspended matter (flocs) in the Scheldt and Rhine estuaries and the Gironde, as well as results from
the Zaire River estuary, indicated that salt flocculation does not appear to be of importance for the formation ofin situ flocs. Also there is no clear relation with particle concentration. In estuaries probably no equilibrium between floc size
and concentration is reached because of the rapid variations in turbulence and bottom shear. In the Zaire estuary a decrease
in turbulence in the surface water results in flocs of the same size as differential settling over a depth of more than 100
meters. 相似文献
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Ishak Haji Omar 《Marine Policy》1983,7(3):220-222
This article focuses on the economics of trawling in a location-specific fishery that is affected by seasonal monsoons. Both field evaluation and econometric models were used to determine the economic performances of trawlers of different tonnages. The findings indicate that in a multispecies monsoon-affected fishery medium-sized vessels in the category of 20–30 tons were most efficient. 相似文献
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河口海岸沉积动力环境复杂,沉积物粗细组分皆有。对于粗细混杂（同时含有砂砾质和泥质成分）的沉积物样品,单一的粒度分析方法不能覆盖整个粒度分布范围,常采用激光-筛分联合法进行粒度分析。由于两种方法的分析原理不同,经常出现细部的激光法结果与粗部的筛分结果部分重合现象,这会影响整个样品的粒度分布计算。石油天然气行业标准《碎屑岩粒度分析方法》（SY/T 5434-2018）对此问题给出了新的解决方案,但是只有文字描述,没有可操作的计算方法。本研究根据该行业标准提出的方案,推算出激光-筛分联合法粒度分析结果的修正计算公式。以浙江舟山群岛潮间带197个粗细混杂样品为例,采用激光-筛分联合法进行了粒度分析,分别采用直接拼接算法及SY/T 5434-2018算法计算了粒度分布,在此基础上对两套算法所得组分含量和粒度参数进行了比较。结果表明,SY/T 5434-2018算法相较于直接拼接算法,扩大了粗颗粒的体积百分比,减少了细颗粒的体积百分比。两种算法得到的组分含量具有显著的线性相关关系,且砾、砂、粉砂、黏土等组分含量的差异从粗到细依次减少。用两种算法的结果分别计算粒度参数,同样具有显著的线性相关关系,且... 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2001,48(11):2521-2528
Previously published estimates of the area of the Peru upwelling ecosystem vary by more than an order of magnitude. In an effort to improve this situation, we used a 24-month sequence of SeaWiFS satellite images of chlorophyll in the surface water off Peru from 5°S to 18.5°S during September 1997–August 1999 to estimate the size of the nutrient enhanced productive habitat associated with the upwelling. The first 12-month period was marked by El Niño conditions, the second by strong upwelling. Using a chlorophyll threshold of >1.0 mg m−3 to define the limit of the productive habitat resulted in maximum area estimates of 120×103 km2 during September 1997–August 1998, and 220×103 km2 during September 1998–August 1999. The latter result is consistent with an area estimate we calculated using total fishery landings and a regression relating fishery yields per unit area to annual primary production per unit area. Although year-to-year variation in the annual mean size of the upwelling ecosystem must be significant, even discounting El Niño events, our analysis has shown that at least five of the extreme earlier values are not good estimates of the size of the productive habitat. We may now be close to knowing the average size of the ecosystem to within a factor of about two. 相似文献
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Jesper Bartholdy 《Geo-Marine Letters》1985,5(1):67-70
In the salt marsh deposits of the Danish Wadden Sea, a separation has successfully been made of two log-normally distributed
grain size populations, which make up the major part of these fine-grained sediments. The coarse population consists almost
exclusively of silt and is interpreted as material either deposited as resistant flocs or as single particles. The fine population
consists of approximately 50% silt and 50% clay and is interpreted as particles settled as easily destroyable flocs. These
interpretations are confirned by the fact that the relative abundance of the two populations is demonstrated to be related
to the degree of exposure of salt marsh areas. 相似文献