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华南冬季异常冷月预测概念模型Ⅰ──500 hPa高度场和海温场特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
确定了近４５年华南冬季异常冷月出现的时间,分析了其同期至前期６个月５００ｈＰａ位势高度场和海温场的特征。各异常冷月当月５００ｈＰａ高度场有相似的特征,亚洲－太平洋地区高度场的特征是北高南低,经向环流发展,给出了前期５００ｈＰａ高度场差异显著月的距平特征。华南冬季各异常冷月至其前期６个月海温距平分布有持续性的特征,１月及其前期１～６个月赤道东太平洋ＳＳＴ呈ＥｌＮｉｎｏ特征,２月和１２月呈Ｌａ Ｎｉｎ 相似文献
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本文分析了吉林省５月低温、高温的５００ｈＰａ环流特征，并从前期 ６月西西北太平洋海区的海温距平及巴伦支海附近地区的５００ｈＰａ高度距平的异常变化，来分析吉林省５月气温的异常变化，从中总结出具有一定意义的预报指标，以期提高５月温度预报的确率。 相似文献
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华南4～6月降水异常的环流特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
分析了华南４－６月降水量的年际变化特征及华南４－６月旱、涝年的５００ｈＰａ高度距平场的主要差异，结果表明，４－６降水存在２．５－３年的准周期变化和持续１０年左右的阶段性变化特征，旱、涝年１－３月５００ｈＰａ高度距平场的分布基本反位相，４－６月的距平场也存在明显的差异。综合结果表明，从冬季开始到次年６月，旱、涝年５００ｈＰａ高度距平沿５０°Ｎ纬圈的演变具有基本相反的过程。 相似文献
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NINO区SST与SOI的耦合振荡信号及其预测试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用奇异交叉谱（ＳＣＳＡ）分析方法,提取Ｎｉｎｏ 海区各区的平均海温（ＳＳＴ）和南方涛动指数（ＳＯＩ）之间的耦合振荡信号,由此描述其年际和年代际的时变特征。基于ＳＣＳＡ,重建耦合振荡分量序列（ＲＣＣＳ）,并与回归分析相结合,对Ｎｉｎｏ 各海区平均的ＳＳＴ月际序列作短期气候预测试验。结果表明,各海区ＳＳＴ与ＳＯＩ的显著耦合振荡周期各有特色,其年际或１０ 年际变化不尽相同,从而构成了ＥＮＳＯ信号在时空演变型态上的复杂性。ＳＣＳＡ基础上的回归预报模型的预报技巧绝大部分优于ＳＳＡ－ＡＲ预报模型,实际预报试验证明效果优良 相似文献
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该文采用合成分析、相关分析等方法研究了影响广东省6月的最长一段暴雨日数的气候特征,并对有无长连续暴雨过程的同期及其前期环流场和海温场进行分析。结果表明:7 d以上的长连续暴雨大都出现在20世纪90年代以后。长连续暴雨过程500 hPa合成平均环流场上, 高纬度地区呈西高东低、低纬度地区呈东高西低分布。中高纬度地区欧洲槽较深,巴尔喀什湖—贝加尔湖为明显的高压脊,说明经向环流较强,冷空气活动频繁。低纬度地区南支槽活跃,副热带高压较强,有利于冷暖交绥于华南沿海,形成长连续暴雨过程。根据长连续暴雨过程的海温合成平均距平图,东太平洋Ni?o4区海温为负距平、Ni?o3区为较弱正距平,黑潮海区为较明显的正距平中心,西风漂流区以较弱的负距平为主。研究还揭示了长连续暴雨过程3—6月海温场发生了较为激烈的演变,Ni?o3,Ni?o4区海温是一个由负变正的增温过程,而无连续暴雨过程3—6月海温场的演变维持为El Ni?o海温分布型。 相似文献
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利用1951—2003年的Ni?o1+2, 3, 4和3.4区的海温异常指数, 分析了各个海区3—8月海温异常随时间的变化与我国夏季降水的关系。研究发现4个海区海温异常变化与我国长江流域、江南地区、华北地区以及西北东部地区的夏季降水都有较高的相关性。合成分析表明:在海温异常随时间变化为正的年份, 上述地区的夏季降水偏少; 在海温异常随时间变化为负的年份, 情况正好相反。在此基础上, 分析了Ni?o3.4区的海温异常变化和高低空纬向风垂直切变之间的关系, 发现海温异常变化与东亚夏季风的环流场之间也有很好的关系。由合成分析结果发现, 在海温异常变化分别为正和负的年份, 500 hPa高度距平场、850 hPa纬向风距平场、850 hPa流场距平场, 200 hPa纬向风距平场及高低空纬向风距平切变均具有显著的差异, 尤其是在长江流域以南、南海及我国的东北地区都呈相反的分布形势。因此, Ni?o3.4区的海温异常随时间的变化可以为东亚夏季风和我国夏季降水的预报提供一定的依据。 相似文献
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采用ＣＯＡＤＳ的月平均海平面温度跨平（ＳＳＴＡ）资料,建立了预报热带印度洋－太平洋ＳＳＴＡ的线性转置模型（ＬＩＭ）。经检验,对于非独立和独立样本,预报的均方根误差分别在１２个月和１０个月预报时效内小于ＳＳＴＡ的均方差,相对误差在５个月预报时效内都小于５０％。在Ｅ１Ｎｉｎｏ和Ｌａ Ｎｉｎａ时段效果优于其他时段,其中Ｌａ Ｎｉｎａ时段又更好些。对同一地区的ＳＳＴＡ,ＬＩＭ预报优于自回归模型预报、奇异谱 相似文献
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山西省气候预报研究课题组 《气象学报》1999,57(3):316-329
运用中国区域气候模式对１９９６年６月进行了一个月的区域性月预报的初步试验,并进一步研究了海表温度场（ＳＳＴ）变化和单向嵌套时的初值和边界条件变化对区域性月预报影响的试验 相似文献
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In this paper, the two-layer IAP model with sea surface temperature anomalies in the equatorial central-eastern Pacific is used to investigate potential predictability of global short-term anomalous climate change caused by El Nino via the “switching” experiments. The experimental results show that short-term anomalous climate change in the tropics is mainly caused by instantaneous response of tropical atmosphere to SSTA in the tropics. The effective period of this kind of anomalous climate is shorter and about monthly scale. In the high latitudes, the anomalous cli-mate is mainly caused by the lag response of atmosphere to SSTA in the tropics. The strongest influence appears in the month after a half year when the SSTA in the tropics disappears. Therefore, potential predictability of short-term anomalous climate change may be reached to one year; anomalous climate change in the middle-latitudes is not only affected by instantaneous response to SSTA in the tropics, but also by lag response to that. Therefore, short-term climate change prediction with monthly time scale can be not only done by using SSTA in the tropics, but also predic-tion of short-term climate after a half year can be done and its effective predictable period may be reached to one year. 相似文献
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不同区域海温异常对中国夏季旱涝影响的诊断研究和预测试验 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用季降水异常的典型集合相关预测模式, 研究了前期和同期不同季节全球海表温度距平场与中国夏季旱涝的遥相关分布特征以及这种相关型随季节的变化, 揭示了全球海温的异常变化在中国夏季旱涝中的信号特征.研究表明, 全球不同区域海温对我国夏季降水的影响存在着明显的季节差异.全球特定的海温分布可以作为中国夏季旱涝预报的信号因子.选取不同区域及不同时段的海温场作为因子场分别对1998、 1999年这两个典型年份的我国夏季降水进行了诊断研究和预测试验, 并通过不同区域海温的影响权重做集成预测.试验结果表明:不同区域海温的集成预测不仅可以有效地提高预测的准确性, 而且可以揭示不同时段不同区域海温的异常变化在夏季旱涝中的强信号现象. 相似文献
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The region of south China is sometimes subject to major climatic catastrophes in winter. To have
a clear understanding, the time in which extremely severe cold months occur in the south China wintertime over
the past 45 years are determined and characteristics of the 500-hPa geopotential fields and SST fields are studied
for the simultaneous and preceding 6-month periods. Similarity exists in the 500-hPa geopotential fields
between each current severely cold month, with the geopotential pattern of being high in the north, but low in
the south, of Asian-Pacific region and meridional circulation developing. The work presents anomalies of the
months with significant differences in the 500-hPa geopotential field of the previous periods. The SSTA is continuous in the distribution from each extremely severe cold winter month back to the 6 months leading up to it
for the region of south China while the SST pattern is of El Ni?o in January and the preceding 1 ~ 6 months for
equatorial eastern Pacific but of La Ni?a in February and December. It is concluded that the prediction of severely
cold winter months are possible with the use of the geopotential field at 500 hPa and the SST fields for
the months ahead of the target time. 相似文献
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近五十年来华北地区旱涝特征与全球变化的研究及对未来趋势的探讨 总被引：46，自引：10，他引：36
对近五年华北地区的降水资料进行了时空分析,研究了水资源枯、丰的变迁及它们的地域特征。并对大气环流及海温异常进行了对比分析。结果表明：华北降水距平有明显的二十年左右的年代际变化。从总体上说,从５０年代初至７０年代为丰水期,７０年代至９０年代则为枯水期,而从１９９２年以后又开始变为正距平。这种年代际变化有很强的地域性,个别地区表现出与平均趋势截然不同的变化,对比丰水期和枯水期的环流状态发现,华北地区二 相似文献
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The region of south China is sometimes subject to major climatic catastrophes in winter. To have a clear understanding, the time in which extremely severe cold months occur in the south China wintertime over the past 45 years are determined and characteristics of the 500-hPa geopotential fields and SST fields are studied for the simultaneous and preceding 6-month periods. Similarity exists in the 500-hPa geopotential fields between each current severely cold month, with the geopotential pattern of being high in the north, but low in the south, of Asian-Pacific region and meridional circulation developing. The work presents anomalies of the months with significant differences in the 500-hPa geopotential field of the previous periods. The SSTA is continuous in the distribution from each extremely severe cold winter month back to the 6 months leading up to it for the region of south China while the SST pattern is of El Ni?o in January and the preceding 1 ~ 6 months for equatorial eastern Pacific but of La Ni?a in February and December. It is concluded that the prediction of severely cold winter months are possible with the use of the geopotential field at 500 hPa and the SST fields for the months ahead of the target time. 相似文献
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INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN NORTH PACIFIC SSTA AND EAST ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Identification of key SST zones is essential in predicting the weather / climate systems in East
Asia. With the SST data by the U.K. Meteorological Office and 40-year geopotential height and wind fields by
NCAR / NCEP, the relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon and north Pacific SSTA is studied,
which reveals their interactions are of interdecadal variation. Before mid-1970's, the north Pacific SSTA acts
upon the summer monsoon in East Asia through a great circle wavetrain and results in more rainfall in the
summer of the northern part of China. After 1976, the SSTA weakens the wavetrain and no longer influences
the precipitation in North China due to loosened links with the East Asian summer monsoon. It can be drawn
that the key SST zones having potential effects on the weather / climate systems in East Asia do not stay in one
particular area of the ocean but rather shift elsewhere as governed by the interdecadal variations of the air-sea
interactions. It is hoped that the study would help shed light on the prediction of drought / flood spans in China. 相似文献