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全雌鲻鱼培育的进一步研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
为了验证和完善培育全雌鲻鱼的技术路线，我们在首次培育试验成功的基础上，通过调整用药剂量和增加试验鱼数量，进行第二次培育试验。试验选用体长2．8－3.5cm、性别未分化的鲻鱼苗，分为三组。高剂量组和低剂量组分别投喂拌有不同剂量17β-雌二醇的饲料，持续6个月，对照组则投喂不含药物的饲料，结果显示，高剂量组鲻鱼全部分化为雌性，低剂量组雌性率达90％，对照组雌性率仅为10％。与第一次试验结果相比较，我们认为，全雌鲻鱼培育的技术路线更为成熟和合理，为将来推广应用提供可靠的技术保证。 相似文献
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17β-雌二醇对鲻鱼脑垂体促性腺激素细胞分泌活动的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文用组织学方法研究了17β－雌二醇对鲻鱼脑垂体促性腺激素分泌细胞（gonadotropin cell,GtH)发育成熟和分泌活动的影响。结果表明，17β－雌二醇能够促使鲻鱼脑垂体GtH细胞发育成熟。表现在实验组（高和低剂量组）给药2个月后，脑垂体中外侧部多数GtH细胞胞质充满分泌颗粒，而对照组GtH细胞胞质尚未充满分泌颗粒。另外，给药5个月后，高剂量和低剂量实验组多数GtH细胞胞质出现空胞，而对照组空泡则很少。这说明17β－雌二醇有促进GtH细胞的分泌活动，并促使鲻鱼性腺提早发育。这些结果可为17β－雌二醇的作用机制提供科学依据。 相似文献
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在热处理血清样品的基础上建立了鱼类血清睾酮（T）的放射免疫双抗体测定法。分别在不同性腺发育时期对花尾胡椒雌鱼，进行人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）和促黄体生成素释放激素类似物（LHRH－A）注射。结果，在性腺发育期，HCG和LHRH－A均能在注射后6h显著升高血清睾酮水平；注射后24h，无论HCG还是LHRH－A处理的血清睾酮水平均下降至与对照差异不显著。在性腺未发育期，HCG和LHRH－A均未能引起血清睾酮水平的明显变化。结果提示：花尾胡椒鲷雌鱼促性腺激素分泌受促黄体生成素释放激素刺激。在性腺未发育期和性腺发育期,垂体－性腺轴对外源激素的反应性存在明显差异，性腺发育期有显著反应，而性腺未发育期没有反应，提示只有在性腺发育期注射外源激素才能诱导的性腺发育。 相似文献
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本文了报道了在非繁殖季节,17α-MT可诱发淡水雄鲻鱼精于发生和释精.与海水鲻鱼相比较,淡水雄鲻服药后4周才出现释精,而生活在海水的鲻鱼约2周,且释精强度淡水鲻鱼比海水差。文中讨论了它们之间不同的原因。这一结果首次证实,生活在淡水的雄鲻可用激素处理,诱发其发育和成熟,并有可能应用于人工繁殖。 相似文献
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养殖牙鲆卵巢发育及其调控的组织学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用石蜡切片技术、H．E染色和免疫组织化学方法，对工厂化养殖雌性牙鲆的性腺发育进行了深入的研究。实验鱼体长范围为28～38cm，卵巢发育较迟缓，均处于Ⅱ期；实验中给予外源激素进行调控，结果发现单独注射LHRH—A2（25μg／kg体重）、hCG（1000IU／kg体重）和这两种激素的联合注射（LHRH—A2：12．5μg／kg体重，hCG：500IU／kg体重），均未能有效促进牙鲆性腺的进一步发育。 相似文献
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紫红笛鲷繁殖特性及诱导产卵的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
描述紫红笛鲷Lutjanusargentimaculatus繁殖特性及人工诱导产卵的试验结果。紫红笛鲷养殖群体具有不完全的先雄后雌的性转化现象。1、2龄鱼全部为雄鱼,性腺成熟系数(GSI)为2.07%—4.85%;3龄亲鱼80%为雄鱼,20%转化为雌雄同体;4龄亲鱼性别转化基本确定,多数亲鱼为纯粹具有生殖机能的雄鱼,而在雌雄同体的亲鱼性腺中具有明显雌性第一性征的雌鱼仅占30%左右;雌雄同体的亲鱼性腺GSI为4.12%—8.09%,其中的卵巢GSI小于2%,4龄雌鱼怀卵量约70—100万粒;紫红笛鲷卵母细胞属非同步性发育,一个生殖季节能多次产卵。试验结果表明:低剂量的LHRH A2(3μg·kg-1)多次注射能有效地促进性腺发育、逐步成熟,并最终产卵,但对卵径小于300μm的亲鱼卵巢没有明显的诱导效果。在5μgLHRH A2+1000I UHCG·kg-1或5μgLHRH A2+500IUHCG·kg-1两种不同剂量的混合激素作用下,亲鱼的性腺都能迅速发育成熟,并能在小型循环式产卵池中自然产卵和受精。在水温为26.0—29.5℃的产卵池中,激素效应时间为35—43h。LHRH A2和HCG混合激素对卵母细胞直径达到400μm以上的紫红笛鲷亲鱼具有良好的促熟和催产效果,催产率达100%。如何减轻亲鱼之间相互残杀是改善雄鱼生理状况、保证雄鱼质量和提高卵子受精率必需解决的重要问题。 相似文献
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鲻鱼精子发生和形成的超微结构研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
用透射电子显微镜研究了鲻鱼精子发生和精子形成过程.结果表明,鲻鱼早期精巢有两种类型的精原细胞,即A型和B型,在B型精原细胞可见核旁有类核周体(nuage),可视为精原细胞向初级精母细胞发育分化的一个重要标志.初级精母细胞减数分裂早期同源染色体配对明显可见,精子细胞之间存在着间桥联系.鲻鱼成熟精子的特点是细胞核呈马蹄形,核凹较浅,核前端无顶体,核内染色质呈粗颗粒状,核膜与质膜之间有较大的空隙.中段较短,近端中心粒和远端中心粒互相垂直.精子尾部细长,横切面为典型的“9+2”双联微管结构,两侧有侧鳍 相似文献
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我国没有头鲻Mugil cephalus Linnaeus,现今国内描述的头鲻,实为鲻鱼,应予更正。鲻鱼Mugil oeur Forskal存在变异个体,主要变异是第一背鳍Ⅲ棘,而正常个体Ⅳ棘。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Nabil Sultan Pierre Cochonat Jean Fran ois Bourillet Florence Cayocca 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(2):107-133
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed. 相似文献