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海岸和河口地区是波浪和潮流相互作用最复杂的区域,在潮流和波浪作用下,该区域泥沙运动是当下的研究热点,也是难点。为探究波浪和潮流共同作用下的泥沙悬浊度的分布情况,本文采用辽东湾近海区域实测水文及泥沙悬浊度数据,进行波流作用下的泥沙浓度特征分析研究。分析显示:观测期间,潮流呈现半日潮性质,呈现东北-西南走向,涨潮流流速略大于落潮流流速;观测期间波浪以西南向波浪为主;泥沙浓度与垂向水深呈正比关系,且与流速相关性较好,而与波高、波浪周期相关性较差;利用窦国仁公式对辽东湾近岸泥沙浓度与动力条件关系进行拟合分析,得到α、β分别为0.0045和0.00037,相关系数γ=0.76。 相似文献
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基于历史海图、历史时期卫星遥感影像、2019年实测水下地形和潮流、波浪数值模拟成果,研究该海域岸滩的发育演变背景、海床和岸线自然冲淤动态、动力泥沙环境及岸滩冲淤动力机制。采用LITLINE岸线演变数学模型,模拟计算了不同离岸距离和不同平面形态人工岛布置型式对近岸岸线变形的影响,岸滩泥沙动力机制和岸滩演变趋势表明,人工岛实施后近岸最大潮流流速小于近岸泥沙起动流速,不具备起动近岸岸滩泥沙的基本条件; SSE向波浪作用时,人工岛西北侧波高明显减弱,波向西偏; S向波浪作用时,人工岛北侧波高明显减弱; SSW向波浪作用时,人工岛东北侧波高明显减弱,波浪传播方向东偏;波浪场改变后人工岛掩护区东西两侧岸滩附近泥沙分别具有向东和向西运移至人工岛掩护区的趋势,形成掩护区的淤积和东西两侧岸线冲刷。 相似文献
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通过古海塘原型资料调查得出古海塘现状以及存在的问题,结合历年水文资料的调研和现场水体运动形式的观测,获得荷载形式,通过波浪槽在模型比尺试验的基础上对钱塘江古海塘水动力作用进行室内模拟。试验结果验证了利用规则波模拟水动力荷载的可行性,并得出波浪对塘体的作用力受波高和波浪破碎情况的影响,波高相同时破碎点越接近海塘,破碎作用力越大;波高越大,波浪-塘体-土体相互作用越强,塘下土体中产生较大的瞬时孔隙水压力并产生孔压的累积;塘体前趾和后趾出现应力集中现象,周期1.5 s波高0.2 m时前趾压力增大后趾压力减小。 相似文献
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自然条件下的海滩并非由均一粒径的泥沙组成,在波浪作用下会发生泥沙分选。本文针对全级配沙床,开展水槽试验,研究不同波浪动力对海滩沙垂向分异特征的影响。实验结果表明:波高对海滩沙垂向粒度分异性结果影响较大,大波高作用下沙坝处垂向泥沙粒度变化受波浪影响深度达8cm;小波高作用下,由于波能相对较小,波浪第一次触底产生的紊动较弱,使得垂向泥沙粒度变化较小。相同波高不同周期波浪作用下的垂向泥沙分异特征的差异主要表现在上冲水流和重力回落流共同作用下携沙能力的不同。 相似文献
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本文基于尖点突变理论,针对泥沙运动的复杂特征,建立了波浪作用下的泥沙起动模式,确定了希尔兹极值、相对粒径和反映波浪与泥沙之间相互作用参数的非线性方程,并对该方程进行了拓扑变换。该模式的计算结果与波浪水槽试验资料的对比分析说明,该模式尽管存在一定的系统误差,但是对于波浪作用下的泥沙起动流速的求解和运动状态判别与试验值基本吻合,进而证明了泥沙起动的突变特性和该模型的适用性。 相似文献
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选取海州湾近岸潮流和含沙量实测资料,分析水体紊动强度与含沙量对近岸絮凝体沉降速度的影响,提出了新的沉降速度确定方法。研究表明：淤海州湾近岸泥沙沉降速率大部分在 0.05 ~ 2.50 mm/s 之间,潮周期内泥沙絮凝体的沉降速度
有明显变化。于含沙量较小时,泥沙絮凝体的沉降速度基本随含沙量的增加而增加;含沙量较大时,含沙量与沉降速度呈现出负相关,无论是大潮还是中潮,当含沙量达到 0.7 kg/m3左右时,絮团沉降速度最大,而随着含沙量的增大,絮团沉降速度开始减小。盂在涨落潮垂线平均流速最大时刻,紊动强度达到峰值,含沙量较低时,随着紊动强度增加,沉降速度也随之增加,大潮期间紊动强度对泥沙沉降速度的影响高于中潮。榆新的泥沙沉降速度计算公式不仅考虑了含沙量,还计入了紊动强度 G,大大提高了沉降速度计算值与实测值的相关性。 相似文献
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伶仃洋河口泥沙絮凝特征及影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
泥沙絮凝对河口细颗粒泥沙运动过程起着极其重要的作用。本文通过LISST-100激光粒度仪等仪器实测伶仃洋河口2013年洪季悬浮泥沙絮凝体现场粒径及水动力、泥沙条件,结合实验室悬沙粒径分析,研究大小潮期间伶仃洋河口泥沙絮凝特征,探讨紊动剪切强度、含沙量、盐度分层及波浪等因素对伶仃洋河口泥沙絮凝的影响。结果表明:伶仃洋河口水体中现场粒径平均值为148.53 μm,大于实验室悬沙分散粒径36.74 μm,河口絮凝现象明显;沉速与有效密度、粒径呈正相关,絮团平均有效密度为153.49 kg/m3,平均沉速达1.13 mm/s;小潮时絮团平均粒径大于大潮,垂向上表底层絮团粒径小、中层大,中底层絮团沉速大于表层。伶仃洋河口水动力、泥沙条件是影响其泥沙絮凝的重要因素,低剪切强度（小于5 s-1）、低含沙量（小于50 mg/L）及高体积浓度有利于细颗粒泥沙之间的相互碰撞,促进絮凝作用;当剪切强度与颗粒间碰撞强度高于絮团所能承受的强度时,絮团易破碎分解成小絮团或更细的泥沙颗粒;伶仃洋河口盐度层化引起的泥沙捕获现象增大中层泥沙体积浓度,有利于中层絮凝体的发育;观测期相对较大的波浪增强水体紊动,增大了水体细颗粒泥沙的碰撞几率,表层絮团粒径随波高峰值的出现而增大。 相似文献
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Rheological Properties and Incipient Motion of Cohesive Sediment in the Haihe Estuary of China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
The Haihe cohesive sediment, which is typical in China, is studied systematically for its basic physical and incipientmotion properties. Following the requirements of dredging works in the Haihe Estuary, cohesive sediment samples weretaken from three locations. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the rheological properties of these sam-ples and to examine the incipient motion of the cohesive sediment. It is found that the cohesive sediment has an obviousyield stress τb, which increases with the mud density in a manner of an exponential function, and so does the viscosityparameter η. The cohesive sediment behaves like a Bingham fluid when its density is below 1.38 ～ 1.40 g/cm3, andwhen denser than these values, it may become a power-law fluid. The incipient motion experiment also revealed that theincipient velocity of the cohesive sediment increases with the density in an exponential manner. Therefore, the incipientmotion is primarily related to the density, which is different from the case for non-cohesive sediment in which the incipi-ent motion is correlated with the diameter of sand particles instead. The incipient motion occurs in two different ways de-pending on the concentration of mud in the bottom. For sufficiently fine particles and a concentration lower than1.20 g/cm3, the cohesive sediment appears as fluidized mud, and the incipient motion is in the form of instability of aninternal wave. For a higher concentration, the cohesive sediment appears as general quasi-solid-mud, and the incipientmotion can be described by a series of extended Shields curves each with a different porosity for newly deposited alluvial mud. 相似文献
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The instantaneous turbulent velocity field created by the breaking of spilling regular waves on a plane slope was measured in a plane running parallel to the slope using particle image velocimetry. The measurement plane was located at a height of about 1 mm above the bed. The measurement area encompassed the region where the large eddies generated at incipient wave breaking impinged on the bottom inside the surf zone. A total of 30 trials were conducted under identical experimental conditions. In each trial, six consecutive wave cycles were recorded. The measured velocity fields were separated into a mean flow and a turbulence component by ensemble averaging. The instantaneous turbulent velocity fields were analyzed to determine the occurrence frequency, location, geometry and evolution of the large eddies, and their contributions to instantaneous shear stresses, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulence energy fluxes. The motion of single glass spheres along the bed was also investigated. The two-phase flow measurements showed that the velocity and displacement of large solid particles on a smooth bed were significantly affected by the magnitude and direction of turbulence velocities. Overall, this study has examined the kinematic and dynamic properties of large eddies impinging on the bed and the interaction of these large-scale turbulent flow structures with the mean flow. The study has also highlighted the important role of large eddies in sediment transport. 相似文献
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Incipient Motion of Sediment Under Currents 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
DOU Guoren 《中国海洋工程》2000,14(4):391-406
Summarized in the paper are the author's studies on incipient motion of sediment in recent 40years.In addition to the forces of gravity,drag and lift,the cohesive force and the additional static pres-sure are important for fine particles.The relations between three stages of incipient motion are defined byuse of instantaneous velocity.Formulas for initial velocity and critical shear stress are given and overallverified by the author's and others'experimental data. 相似文献
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The Bay of Banten is an example of a shallow-water reef environment adjacent to an eroding delta system, where corals survive in turbid conditions. This study investigated the hydrodynamic controls over residual fluxes of terrigenous sediment in the bay. Observations of wind, waves, currents and suspended sediment concentrations in 1998 and 1999 revealed contrasting dynamic turbidity conditions influenced by tides, monsoon-driven flows and locally generated waves. The most sediment-rich suspensions originate from the shallow coastal margin of an inactive delta, where waves resuspend sediment and small creeks discharge freshwater and sediment. Because of coupling between monsoonal wind, throughflow in the bay and wave height, when wave-induced resuspension peaks seasonally during the northwest monsoon, an eastward throughflow prevents the nearshore reefs in the bay from being directly exposed to turbid water masses generated in the eroding delta. In inshore waters, tidal asymmetry and the spatial variation of current amplitudes cause residual sediment transport, largely depending on the availability of erodible sediment. In the center of the bay, where there is a patch reef complex, the tidal and subtidal currents are weak and therefore here there is a zone where sediment accumulates. 相似文献
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Observations of boundary layer parameters and suspended sediment transport over the intertidal flats of northern Jiangsu, China 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
A current-turbidity monitoring system (CTMS) was deployed on the intertidal flat at Wanggang, northern Jiangsu during October 16-17, 2000, to measure the tidal current speeds and seawater turbidities at 5 levels above the seabed. Based upon the logarithmic-prof‘de equation, the boundary layer parameters, i.e., u*, Z0 and C60, were obtained for 247 tidal flow velocity prof‘des. Around 90% of the profiles were logarithmic according to the critical correlation coefficient. Internal consistency analysis shows that these parameters derived by different methods are consistent with each other. In addition, the height of the bedforms observed is close to the seabed roughness lengths calculated from the velocity prof‘des, indicating that the boundary layer parameters obtained can reveal the conditions at the sedimentwater interface on the intertidal flats. Suspended sediment concentrations were obtained from the 5 CTMS turbidity meters using laboratory and in-situ calibrations. The results show that the in-situ calibrated SSCs have a much higher accuracy than the laboratory calibrated ones. Calculation of suspended sediment fluxes on the intertidal flats, with a magnitude of 104 kg/m per spring tidal cycle, indicates that suspended sediment moves towards the northwest, which is reversal to the transport pattern controlled by the southward Northern Jiangsu Coastal Current in the sub-tidal zone and adjacent shallow waters. 相似文献
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南黄海海水中悬浮体分布的水动力因素统计分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
以１９８３年１１月和１９８４年７月的南黄海中美沉积动力学联合调查的悬浮体原始资料为基础，同时结合南黄海水文气象资料，对该海域进行了悬浮体沉积动力学分区。通过对悬浮体含量与水文象因素的统计分析。得知潮流因子是决定南黄海海水中悬浮体平面分布的主要相关因子，但冬季风暴对悬浮体含量的普遍提高具有决定性的影响，且风因子在冬季对悬浮体含量的提高在整个研究区内的表现并不均匀，它同其他优动因子一起，在一定程度上破 相似文献
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鸭绿江河口最大浑浊带水动力特征对叶绿素分布的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在河口最大浑浊带有独特的生态动力过程。利用鸭绿江河口最大浑浊带上下游两个定点站和大面站的流速、叶绿素和浊度数据,在分析最大浑浊带形成的基础上探讨了悬沙浓度与叶绿素浓度分布的对应关系及最大浑浊带水动力特征对叶绿素分布的影响。分析结果表明,定点站大小潮涨落潮时均出现悬沙浓度与叶绿素a浓度的高值分布中心,该中心主要出现在底部,且高叶绿素a浓度与高悬沙浓度中心相对应。通过对最大浑浊带形成机制的分析发现,强烈的底部泥沙再悬浮是鸭绿江河口最大浑浊带形成的主要原因。最大浑浊带内悬沙浓度与叶绿素a浓度的相关关系均为底层大于表层,大潮高于小潮;高叶绿素a浓度与高悬沙浓度时刻有很好的对应关系,在一定程度上表明水动力特征对叶绿素a浓度在时间和空间上的分布有重要影响。初步分析认为鸭绿江河口最大浑浊带内的高叶绿素a浓度主要是由再悬浮作用使底部沉积物中的底栖藻类和沉积物一起聚集在水体的底部造成的,但是该结论还有待结合其他相关研究进一步检验。 相似文献
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刚性植被对沿坡运动泥沙异重流动力及湍流特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
开展一系列开闸式斜坡泥沙异重流水槽实验,采用高速相机记录异重流发展过程,并利用声学多普勒流速仪(acoustic doppler velocimeter, ADV)获取泥沙异重流的速度、浓度及湍流结构,探究刚性植被对异重流运动特性的影响。实验结果表明:随着植被高度的增大,泥沙异重流的头部与尾部发生分离,且植被高度对异重流头部速度削减作用的重要性大于植被密度;受植被作用的影响,异重流速度剖面的峰值位置和峰值大小均发生改变;此外,由于植被与异重流相互作用产生的湍流,使异重流的泥沙浓度剖面发生改变,并使悬浮于流体中的泥沙颗粒向上输运。本研究的结论对自然环境保护、水下工程建设等生产实际问题提供重要的科学依据。 相似文献