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1.
《矿物学报》2016,(3)
河南鹤壁地区位于太行山构造带上,该区金伯利岩中的地幔包体携带有岩石圈地幔的丰富信息。本文报道了石榴石二辉橄榄岩包体中的镁橄榄石和镁铝榴石的矿物化学特征。金伯利岩中地幔包体的镁橄榄石I(Mg~#)为91.7±0.2(n=69)。与鹤壁地区尖晶石相方辉橄榄岩相比,I(Mg~#)略偏小,指示二辉橄榄岩经历的熔融程度较低,具有过渡型地幔的特征。根据Cr_2O_3含量,镁铝榴石可以划分为高铬系列和低铬系列两类。橄榄石-石榴石矿物温压计计算表明,包体压力在1.7~2.5 GPa之间(55~80 km),温度在641~1055℃之间,对应的大地热流值为50~60m W/m~2,甚至更高。指示金伯利岩侵位时对应于较高的大地热流条件。根据Grutter的镁铝榴石划分方案,镁铝榴石主要划分为G9型、G3和G4型,其中G3和G4型镁铝榴石记录了岩石圈地幔被交代的过程。根据温压条件及岩石圈地幔性质,可以认为鹤壁地区不具有形成金刚石矿的深部地质条件。 相似文献
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以往资料显示,贵州施秉下翁哨地区镁铝榴石和铬尖晶石自然重砂,高度浓集于下翁哨盆地北岸对门坡一带新近系翁哨组含砾粘土岩和盆地南侧2km处斜坡带"不明成因"砂砾石堆积物中,构成罕见的高含量重砂异常,在贵州众多金刚石找矿信息中尤为瞩目,其来源及其金刚石找矿指示意义长期成谜。通过对盆地南侧2km处斜坡带"不明成因"砂砾石堆积物采样分析查证,原样中镁铝榴石为2.7粒/L,铬尖晶石大于5.0粒/L,异常客观存在;电子探针研究表明,镁铝榴石和铬尖晶石分属G9镁铝榴石和S5贫钛高铝富镁铬铁矿,其来源与金伯利岩关系不大。 相似文献
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中国大陆科学钻探工程卫星孔PP6钻孔位于苏鲁超高压变质带的山东荣成滕家集马草夼橄榄岩体中。该橄榄岩出露于元古代花岗闪长片麻岩中,面积为300m×130m。地表岩石风化强烈,钻孔内岩石新鲜,劈理发育。孔深196m,橄榄岩厚度约110m,下部为花岗闪长片麻岩。橄榄岩主体呈块状构造,边缘呈条带状构造,靠近片麻岩的橄榄岩蛇纹石化强烈。除了10cm厚的岩脉原岩为岩浆分异的产物外,岩石主元素、微量和稀土元素地球化学显示,原岩为极亏损的地幔方辉橄榄岩。岩石主要矿物组成为橄榄石(85%~95%) 斜方辉石(3%~5%) 角闪石(3%~5%) 尖晶石(约0.5%) 镍硫化物(<0.1%),个别部位含有石榴石、单斜辉石和白云石。根据矿物的结构和成分,大体分为三个期次的组合。早期残余地幔矿物组合,由镁橄榄石、富铝顽火辉石、铬尖晶石和透辉石组成,具残余斑状结构,常含有包体,为高温低压组合;超高压变质期矿物组合,由镁橄榄石、镁铝榴石(Pyr=62~66)、低铝顽火辉石、铬尖晶石组成,具细粒变晶结构,无包体,变质温压为840~940°C、3.0~4.1GPa;麻粒岩相─角闪岩相变质期矿物组合,包括韭闪石、镁铝尖晶石、铬尖晶石、白云石、透闪石、蛇纹石,变质温度和压力为650~780℃、<1.8GPa。马草夼橄榄岩作为地幔楔,在印支期发生了超高压变质作用,并在折返过程中叠加了麻粒岩相-角闪岩相的变质作用。 相似文献
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寻找超高压地幔矿物的储存库——豆荚状铬铁矿 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：20
沿印度河—雅鲁藏布江缝合线出露的罗布莎蛇绿岩块位于拉萨南东 2 0 0km处 ,含有地幔矿物群。罗布莎蛇绿岩主要由地幔方辉橄榄岩、堆晶岩和蛇纹混杂岩组成。由 60～ 70种矿物组成的一个地幔矿物群出现在方辉橄榄岩相内的豆荚状铬铁矿中。这些矿物包括 :自然元素矿物 :金刚石、石墨、金、铜、铁、镍、硅、铬、铝、钨、锌、铅、锡 ;铂族矿物 :铱锇矿、锇铱矿、铱锇钌矿、含锇铱矿、含铱钌矿、Ir Os硫化物 ;合金 :FeSi,FeNi,SiC ,CrC ,NiC ,NiCrC ,Au Ag ,Ag Au ,Ag Sn ,AlFe ,IrFe ,NiFeCr,NiIrFe ,FeC ,FePtPd ;硫 (砷 )化物 :黄铁矿、毒砂、镍黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、三方闪锌矿 ;氧化物 :铬铁矿、含硅镁尖晶石、刚玉、方镁石、金红石、方铁矿、锰方铁矿、CaO、石英 ;磷酸盐 :磷灰石 ;硅酸盐 :橄榄石、斜顽辉石、铬透辉石、锆石、榍石、硅线石、蓝晶石、角闪石、白云母、黑云母、金云母、钙铬榴石、钙铁榴石、镁铝榴石、铬绿泥石、蛇纹石、八面体假象蛇纹石、八面体假象绿泥石 ;碳酸盐 :方解石、白云石等。文中只介绍几个矿物 ,如金刚石、碳硅石、富Cr铬铁矿、富Si顽辉石、富Mg橄榄石、锆石、含硅镁尖晶石、八面体硅酸盐以及含水硅酸盐的深部爆破结构。这些矿物信息对地幔研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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综合利用以往资料发现,贵州施秉下翁哨地区存在特高浓度镁铝榴石、铬尖晶石等自然重砂异常,且长期未能解释其来源及金刚石找矿指示问题。由于资料形成于"文革"时期,有人怀疑其可靠性,通过针对性的野外调查和采样分析,佐证了该异常的客观存在和以往资料的可靠性。镁铝榴石和铬尖晶石自然重砂含量水平实属罕见,异常区分布于高出现代河床200m的斜坡上部,残积于古河道砂砾石冲积层(?)中,矿物学分析未见重砂矿物明显的搬运磨蚀痕迹,电子探针分析分属于G9镁铝榴石和S5铬尖晶石,应主要来源于石榴和尖晶二辉橄榄岩,系载体母岩——钾镁煌斑岩就近风化残积的结果。 相似文献
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对大道尔吉铬铁矿床成因的新认识 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大道尔吉岩体为一肢解的蛇绿岩残片,由两个单元组成,一为堆晶杂岩,另一为地幔橄榄岩。堆晶杂岩包括三个岩浆旋回,每一旋回均表现出由超镁铁质向镁铁质演化的特点。工业铬铁矿产于堆晶杂岩第三旋回底部的纯橄岩-含辉纯橄岩中,而产于地幔橄榄岩中的铬铁矿为数甚微。矿体主要由各种浸染状的铬铁矿石组成。矿体的围岩为纯橄岩且两者逐渐过渡。副矿物铬尖晶石与造矿铬尖晶石的成分相似。上述特征表明大道尔吉铬铁矿床系堆积成因,明显地区别于地幔橄榄岩中的豆荚状铬铁矿。大道尔吉铬铁矿床为我国一个与蛇绿岩堆晶杂岩有关的典型铬铁矿床。 相似文献
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对华北地台金伯利岩地球化学找矿信息提取表明:铬是判别岩体含矿与否的重要指示元素。铬的相态分属尖晶石、镁铝榴石和镁钛铁矿三类矿物族。研究得出,各矿物指示含矿的化学成分标型为:铬尖晶石Cr2O3>53%,Al2O3<11%,MgO<12%,Cr#值大于0 7。镁铝榴石Cr2O3>5%,Al2O3<19%,Cr#值大于0 2。镁钛铁矿Cr2O3>1%,MgO>11%。由于铬尖晶石相对稳定,其化学组成为提取金伯利岩找矿信息的首选对象。 相似文献
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雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段加查县杰莎岩体主要由蚀变较强的方辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩、豆荚状铬铁矿组成。铬铁矿矿体呈东西向,倾向北西,矿体的围岩为纯橄岩及方辉橄榄岩,长20~40m,宽1~3m。镜下特征和电子探针分析结果显示铬铁矿中铬尖晶石的Cr#=67.9~88.5,Mg#值变化在64.6~68.2之间,TiO2含量为0.06%~0.18%,Al2O3含量为13.1%~16.5%,表明杰莎铬铁矿为高铬型铬铁矿。方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石的矿物化学特征表明杰莎岩体既具有深海地幔橄榄岩特征,也具有岛弧地幔橄榄岩的特点。并且依据铬尖晶石-橄榄石/单斜辉石的矿物化学成分,识别出杰莎岩体至少经历了2期过程,包括早期部分熔融(20%~30%)和晚期的岩石/熔体反应作用(35%)。因此,杰莎地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿可能与雅鲁藏布江缝合带中其他岩体一样,经历了洋中脊及俯冲带的多阶段叠加的过程。 相似文献
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金刚石中的矿物包裹体 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山东、辽宁金伯利岩区金刚石中的矿物包裹体是单晶相及多晶相的。大部分原生矿物包裹体为橄榄石,也有铬尖晶石、镁铝榴石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石、自然铁、针镍矿、柯石英、方解石及石墨。云母为后生包裹体矿物。橄榄石包裹体矿物富含Fo及Cr_2O_3。镁铝榴石矿物包裹体为紫红色,含Cr_2O_3,MgO及镁铬榴石分子高,形成压力为7.5GPa。单斜辉石包裹体矿物为绿色,形成温度和压力分别为:1531℃和4.5GPa。铬尖晶石包裹体矿物含Cr_2O_3及Cr/(Cr+Al)比值高,而含Al_2O_3低。柯石英的SiO_2含量为99.15％。自然铁含有少量的Co,Ni。针镍矿在金刚石中较常见。在橄榄石矿物包裹体内,见有方解石产出,其为同生矿物包裹体。 相似文献
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豆荚状铬铁矿是关键金属铬的重要来源之一,尽管豆荚状铬铁矿的研究取得了诸多进展,但对于发育于蛇绿岩壳-幔过渡带的铬铁矿成因却涉及较少。阿尔巴尼亚布尔齐泽岩体壳-幔过渡带中产出的Cerruja豆荚状铬铁矿矿床,其矿体及纯橄岩围岩普遍被辉石岩脉穿切,辉石岩脉与矿体接触带以及辉石岩脉中的铬尖晶石强烈破碎,在铬尖晶石的裂隙和包裹体中发育大量富Ti矿物相,如金红石、钛铁矿和榍石等,是研究壳-幔过渡带铬铁矿成因的理想对象。Cerruja豆荚状铬铁矿及纯橄岩围岩中铬尖晶石Cr#分别为0.56~0.58和0.52~0.55,属于高铝型铬铁矿。接触带及辉石岩脉中的铬尖晶石Cr#明显升高（分别为0.57~0.67和0.72~0.83）,且Ti、V、Mn、Sc、Co、Zn和Ga含量也升高。本文依据铬尖晶石的结构及矿物化学成分变化特征,提出布尔齐泽壳-幔过渡带铬铁矿经历多阶段演化叠加：首先,Mirdita-Pindos洋盆在侏罗纪（约165 Ma）发生洋内初始俯冲,软流圈物质上涌生成的MORB-like弧前玄武质熔体随着俯冲的进行逐渐向玻安质熔体演变,期间产生的过渡型熔体与地幔橄榄岩反应生成高铝型铬铁矿;然后,部分MORB-like弧前玄武质熔体随着堆晶间隙分离结晶往富Fe和Ti的方向演化,改造早期形成的高铝型铬铁矿并结晶高铬型铬铁矿,同时生成金红石、钛铁矿和榍石等富Ti矿物相。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献