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1.
氨基膨润土对铜镍镉污染土壤的钝化修复研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采集土壤,加入铜、镍和镉制成重金属污染土壤。以四乙烯五胺改性膨润土和膨润土原土作为修复剂,通过模拟酸雨和混合提取剂提取有效态重金属,评价膨润土和氨基膨润土对土壤中铜、镍、镉的钝化效果。结果表明:p H=3. 5的模拟酸雨对各污染土壤中重金属离子的提取率均在0. 1%以下。混合提取剂对污染土壤中有效态金属的提取能力比模拟酸雨强很多。添加膨润土原土和氨基膨润土均能钝化土壤中的铜、镍和镉,氨基膨润土上嫁接的氨基对金属有络合作用,因而比膨润土原土对铜、镍和镉具有更强的钝化能力。综合评价表明氨基膨润土是一种对铜、镍和镉污染土壤具有应用前景的钝化修复材料。  相似文献   

2.
土壤中镉(Cd)被作物吸收的程度及其生态风险取决于土壤中Cd的赋存形态,基于Cd有效形态的污染土壤风险评价及在此基础上制订污染土壤修复安全阈值是Cd污染农田土壤风险评价和治理亟待解决的问题。目前针对土壤中重金属有效态的化学浸提方法较多,但缺乏针对不同性质土壤中有效态Cd的普适性浸提方法已成为Cd污染土壤风险评价技术瓶颈。本研究采集了全国9个不同性质农田土壤,以水稻、小白菜和玉米为测试作物,通过外源添加方法制备Cd污染土壤,结合土壤培养和盆栽实验,测定了5种常用化学浸提方法,包括中性无机盐浸提方法(CaCl2浸提法)、弱酸浸提法(HCl浸提法)、络合螯合剂浸提方法(DTPA和ETPA浸提法)和组合浸提方法(Mehlich-3(M3)浸提法)对不同性质土壤中有效态Cd浸提效果及其与作物Cd吸收的量化关系,筛选适用于不同性质土壤中有效态Cd的通用浸提方法。结果表明,不同化学浸提法提取的土壤有效态Cd含量间具有显著差异,不同浸提方法对土壤中Cd的浸提率(%)为DTPA≈EDTA≈HCl> M3≈CaCl2。不同化学浸提态Cd与作物Cd吸收的相关...  相似文献   

3.
张亭亭  李江山  王平  薛强 《岩土力学》2019,40(10):3928-3936
采用硫酸亚铁（FeSO4）对铬污染土进行稳定化处理。选用浸出试验、Cr(VI)残留值试验和形态提取试验,研究了粒径和有机质对铬污染土稳定特性的影响规律。试验结果表明,粒径和有机质对铬污染土稳定特性有较大影响。粒径的减小可显著降低稳定土中Cr(VI)和总Cr的浸出浓度及稳定土中Cr(VI)的含量;当污染土粒径小于2 mm时,Fe(II)/Cr(VI)摩尔比为3,稳定土中Cr(VI)和总Cr的浸出浓度分别为4.68、8.9 mg/L,均低于我国《危险废弃物鉴别标准 浸出毒性鉴别》（GB/T5085.3－2007）的限值。有机质添加量的增加可明显降低稳定土中Cr(VI)和总Cr的浸出浓度及Cr(VI)的含量。当Fe(II)/Cr(VI)摩尔比为3时,有机质的添加量为5%,稳定土中Cr(VI)的含量为28.3 mg/kg,低于我国《土壤环境质量标准》（GB15618－2008）中工业和商业用地限值（30 mg/kg）;当有机质的添加量为10%时,稳定土中Cr(VI)的含量为4.8 mg/kg,低于居住用地限值（5 mg/kg）。形态提取试验结果表明：粒径的减小可降低弱酸提取态的铬含量,增加可还原态的铬含量,而对可氧化态和残渣态的铬含量影响不大;有机质可促使弱酸提取态、可还原态的铬转化为可氧化态的铬,而残渣态的铬变化不大。稳定土中铬从活性态向较稳定态转化,是铬稳定土稳定特性和环境风险变化的根本原因。  相似文献   

4.
土壤重金属元素可提取态是衡量其生物有效性的重要指标,但其含量随着土壤酸碱性等环境条件的变化而改变,在提取土壤重金属元素可提取态时,不可避免地面临着提取剂与提取方法的选择。中国有关土壤重金属元素可提取态的标准分析方法或技术规范涉及的提取剂多达7种(pH=5.8盐酸溶液、0.1mol/L盐酸溶液、0.43±0.02mol/L硝酸溶液、0.11mol/L乙酸溶液、1mol/L硝酸铵溶液、0.005mol/L DTPA浸提剂、0.01mol/L氯化钙溶液),不同学者对不同提取剂有不同的研究结论,对于通用提取剂的系统研究未见报道。本文选择代表性农耕土壤样品,采用以上7种提取剂提取其中8种重金属元素(镉镍铜锌铬铅砷汞),电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定镉铬铜铅锌镍含量,原子荧光光谱法(AFS)测定砷和汞含量,对比了7种提取剂对各重金属元素的提取率,并研究了土壤酸碱性质对重金属元素提取率的影响。结果表明：(1)稀酸溶液对土壤重金属元素的提取率较高,且与土壤的酸碱性无关;(2) 1mol/L硝酸铵溶液虽然对镉的提取能力表征了镉在酸性土壤中的活性远大于碱性土壤的特点,但其对碱性土壤中铅的提取率...  相似文献   

5.
土壤中汞的生物有效性是决定土壤汞污染和农作物汞富集的重要指标。然而,采用不同提取方法所得到的有效态汞含量存在差异。为探索适用于汞矿区稻田土壤生物有效性汞的提取方法,研究对比了4种提取剂(超纯水、0.005 mol/L DTPA混合液、0.1 mol/L CaCl2和0.1 mol/L HCl)对万山汞矿区内两条典型河流沿岸稻田土壤生物有效态汞的测定结果。结果表明,万山汞矿区稻田土壤总汞含量均值为(12.7±0.42)mg/kg,超标率为93%。土壤生物有效态汞含量较低,4种试剂提取的有效态汞占总汞比例依次为0.005%、0.018%、0.003%和0.036%;超纯水提取的土壤生物有效态汞与稻田土壤、水稻根和茎的总汞浓度显著相关,表明超纯水提取方法最适用于测定万山汞矿区稻田土壤的生物有效态汞。本研究可为评估土壤汞污染风险提供技术和数据参考。  相似文献   

6.
农田土壤重金属污染是影响中国农产品环境质量安全的主要因素。钝化材料是修复农田重金属污染土壤的关键材料,研究开发出高效土壤重金属钝化材料,对于修复重金属污染农田和保障农产品食用安全非常重要。本文以蒙脱石为原材料,将巯基基团负载在其表面或层间制备巯基改性蒙脱石,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等技术表征巯基改性蒙脱石的特性,并开展室内土培试验,采用二乙三胺五乙酸浸提-火焰原子吸收分光光度法分析土壤镉的有效态,通过Tessier修正顺序七步提取法分析土壤镉的赋存形态。结果表明：蒙脱石经巯基改性后不仅新增了C-H、S-H共价键,而且增强了-OH和C=O化学键的活性,能与Cd2+发生巯基及羟基配位吸附。供试土壤添加巯基改性蒙脱石后,由于巯基配位吸附作用使土壤离子交换态镉转化为铁锰氧化物结合态,而增强的羟基配位吸附作用使其转化为碳酸盐结合态,结果使土壤中镉的赋存形态发生显著改变,离子交换态大幅减少,作物根系可吸收的土壤有效镉显著降低。添加1%、3%、5%巯基改性蒙脱石后,土壤有效镉分别降低21.92%、69.11%、...  相似文献   

7.
为探究不同浓度H_2SO_4溶液活化的坡缕石对土壤中Cd的钝化效果,使用浓度分别为5%、7.5%、10%、12.5%、15%的H_2SO_4溶液对坡缕石进行活化,加入Cd污染土壤进行钝化实验和盆栽实验。结果表明:施加不同浓度H_2SO_4溶液活化的坡缕石均能显著降低土壤有效态Cd含量,10%的H_2SO_4活化的坡缕石钝化效果最显著,毒性浸出(TCLP)和二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)提取态Cd含量分别降低31.11%和37.33%。通过欧洲共同体参考机构(BCR)连续提取法测定结果表明酸活化坡缕石能显著降低土壤中Cd的酸溶态含量和还原态含量,酸活化坡缕石能显著抑制玉米对土壤中Cd的吸收和地下部分向地上部分的转移,使玉米地上部分Cd的含量相比对照组降低26.99%～43.97%,玉米地下部分Cd的含量相比对照组降低15.36%～27.40%。酸活化坡缕石对土壤中的Cd有明显的钝化效果。  相似文献   

8.
土壤中铅的可溶态根据常用提取剂主要分为:弱酸可溶态、络合可溶态和盐可溶态。在研究土壤中铅的植物有效态过程中,常常采用混合提取剂来分析铅对植物有效性的相关可溶态。本文通过采用单一提取剂,计算土壤中铅的单一提取可溶态与地表植物中铅含量的线性相关系数,研究铅的弱酸可溶态、络合可溶态和盐可溶态对于地表植物有效态的线性相关性,确认铅环境影响评价过程中主要相关的形态。从实验的结果看,土壤中铅的总量、弱酸可溶态、络合可溶态和盐可溶态含量都与地表植物中铅的含量没有形成极显著的相关性。土壤中铅的弱酸可溶态与土壤表面生长植物(主要是禾草类植物的叶)中铅含量具有一定的线性相关性。而这种线性相关性受土壤的p H和土壤类型的影响而有所变化。  相似文献   

9.
本研究通过一锅法制备了坡缕石负载聚磷酸盐钝化材料,并探究了材料对圆叶红苋镉毒害效应的缓解效果。钝化剂表征结果表明,磷以无定形聚磷酸盐的形式均匀负载于坡缕石上。盆栽实验表明,施加该钝化材料几乎不影响圆叶红苋的生长,并可有效降低圆叶红苋对镉的吸收。当钝化材料中聚磷酸盐负载量为600mg/kg（以P2O5质量浓度计算）时,圆叶红苋叶子镉含量相比于空白处理下降了49.56%,且该钝化材料中的坡缕石和聚磷酸盐在抑制植物镉吸收方面存在协同作用。钝化剂的施加提高了土壤中有效磷含量和土壤pH值,促使土壤中的镉以低溶态的磷酸镉、氢氧化镉等形式存在,进而降低了土壤有效镉含量,抑制了圆叶红苋可食部分（叶子）对镉的吸收;同时,施加该钝化剂提高了土壤中有效态Zn/Cd和Mn/Cd的值,增强了土壤中锌、锰和镉在植物吸收通道的竞争,这也是圆叶红苋叶子镉累积受到抑制的可能原因。综上,本研究合成了一种坡缕石负载聚磷酸盐钝化材料,并对钝化机理进行了简要分析,合成的材料有望在实际镉污染农田土壤治理中提供实际效用。  相似文献   

10.
常见六价铬Cr(Ⅵ)污染场地修复技术如客土法、还原法、固化法、生物法等存在成本高、效率低及Cr(Ⅵ)被二次氧化等缺点。理想修复技术应能快速、低成本地将铬元素(Cr)从土壤中彻底去除。本文将聚吡咯(PPy)通过原位聚合的方式负载在凹凸棒土(ATP)表面,制备了以PPy为“壳”和以ATP为“核”的ATP/PPy复合材料,ATP/PPy对Cr(Ⅵ)的最大吸附容量为185.19mg/g,吸附机理包括静电引力、螯合、还原与离子交换等。将ATP/PPy嵌入土壤中,利用Cr(Ⅵ)在土壤中的纵向迁移及横向浓度差渗透,可实现对土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的原位吸附。实验考察了模拟降雨量、土壤pH、土壤容重、土壤有机质含量等因素对土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)去除效率的影响。结果表明,当供试土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为30mg/kg,模拟降雨量为6mL/天,土壤有机质含量为7.6g/kg,土壤容重为1.22g/cm3,土壤p H为5.86时,第35天时土壤滤液中Cr(Ⅵ)去除率为58.51%,土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)含量降低至2.97mg/kg,低于《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB36600—20...  相似文献   

11.
The speciation of metals in environmental samples is a critical factor in assessing the potential environmental impacts, before their disposal. The distribution and speciation of toxic heavy metals in plating wastewater residues and sludge was investigated for four samples using sequential extraction method. Tessier method was used to fractionate the metal content into exchangeable, acid extractable, reducible and oxidizable fractions. Residual and total metal contents were determined in aqua regia digest. The extracts were analysed for metals using inductively coupled plasma -atomic emission spectrometry. The bioavailable fraction (exchangeable and acid extractable fractions) is comprised less than the other forms. The oxidisable and reducible forms are dominants for all the four samples studied. The major metal constitute in the samples is iron, the wastewater residue contains (12.3 and 7.4 g/Kg respectively on dry basis) and the sludge contains (31.5 and 41.6 g /Kg) respectively. Cr concentration is higher in wastewater residue of second electroplating industry. The descending order of the average total metal contents for these four samples were Fe > Cr > Sn > Zn >Cu > Ni > Mn > Pb > Cd > Ag. Based on the average of absolute values for the four samples the highest bioavailability order of metals is Cr (39 %) in wastewater residues and Zn (32 %) in sludge samples. Metal recovery was good, with < 10 % difference between the total metal recovered through the extractant steps and the total metal determined using aqua regia extract.  相似文献   

12.
Utilizing the sequential extraction procedure (acid soluble, reducible, oxidizable, and residual) proposed by The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), the trace metals present in the sediments of the Ergene River, Turkey, were determined. The sediment samples were collected from 10 sampling sites and analyzed to identify the concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc. The flame atomic absorption spectrometer was used for metal determination. The validation of the results was checked by the analysis of the BCR-701 standard reference material. The relationship existing between the sediment characteristics and metal fractions was identified using the correlation analysis. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to find out the grouping of the sampling sites based on the similarities of the heavy metals in the bioavailable fraction. When the extractable amounts of heavy metals are considered, the quantity of the mobile fractions (viz., acid soluble, reducible, and oxidizable) of the heavy metals is observed to be higher when compared with that of the immobile fraction (residual). This might be caused by the anthropogenic sources. Besides, it was statistically discovered that the organic matter, pH and clay contents could influence the bonding of the analyte metals in various forms. The cluster analysis revealed three clusters of the sampling stations, with group I (S5-8) and group II (S3, S4 and S9) showing higher environmental risks. The risk assessment code indicated that the highly mobile soluble fractions of Mn, Zn, Cd and Co created a high environmental risk which could result in negative impacts on the aquatic biota.  相似文献   

13.
Experimental study of enhanced in-situ micro-ecological remediation of petroleum contaminated loess soil was carried out in Zhongyuan oil production areas, and the enhanced in-situ micro-ecological remediation technique includes optimistic in-situ microbial communities, physical chemistry methods, alfalfa planting and regulation of soil environmental elements. Experiments showed that the oil content in the contaminated soil with oil content about 2 898.25 mg/kg can be reduced about 98.61% after in-situ micro-ecological remediation for 99 days, which demonstrated the effectiveness of in-situ micro-ecological remediation methods for petroleum contaminated soil in central plains of China, and explored the practical and feasible application of these methods.  相似文献   

14.
钙、铁、铝形态对岩溶石灰土磷有效性的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
梁建宏  曹建华  杨慧  黄芬 《中国岩溶》2016,35(2):211-217
为揭示钙、铁、铝形态与岩溶地区土壤磷有效性关系,通过改进的BCR元素形态连续提取法获取石灰土不同发育阶段土壤矿质元素赋存形态,并分析与总磷及速效磷含量之间的相关关系。初步研究表明:石灰土壤中全磷和速效磷在石灰土发育过程呈降低趋势,从黑色石灰土到黄色石灰土,总磷降低了76.7%,速效磷减少了84.7%。石灰土总磷与速效磷同酸溶态、可还原态及残渣态钙,可氧化态铁、铝和可还原态铝显著正相关,而同总铁、总铝以及残渣态铝显著负相关,相关系数绝对值均达到0.9以上。随着石灰土发育进行,钙总量及其形态均降低,而铝、铁总量和形态呈增加趋势,可能导致岩溶地区石灰土磷及其有效性缺乏越发突出。   相似文献   

15.
The long-term oil exploitation in oil fields has led to pollution of surrounding soil, creating a serious ecological problem. In order to promote and improve the application of microbial remediation in oil contaminated soil, experiment is carried out in polluted area in Zhongyuan Oilfield. In the experiment, indigenous microorganisms and other physical and chemical methods are employed, ryegrass is grown, and environmental factors in soil are regulated to degrade the oil and treat the polluted soil. Results show that when the average oil content in the soil is about 523.08 mg/kg, 65 days’ remediation through plants and microorganisms could help bring the oil content down to 74.61 mg/kg, achieving a degradation rate of 85.74%; through salinity treatment, salt content in soil is reduced by 62.93-82.03% to 399-823 mg/kg from previous 2.22 g/kg. Through this experiment, the bioremediation method is improved and its effectiveness and feasibility are testified. The result has been applied in Zhongyuan Oilfield and has brought fair ecological and economic benefits, providing technical support to the treatment of contaminated soil of the same kind, and offering some insights to the treatment of soil contaminated by other organic pollutants.  相似文献   

16.
Lead (Pb) dust exposure can have detrimental environmental and human health effects. Improperly enclosed stockpiles of Pb concentrates can cause dust emissions, subsequent pollution of the soil and environmental risk. The aim of this work was to study Pb form, distribution and immobilization (by using eggshell and seashell) in an industrial arid soil near a storage area of Pb mineral concentrates in northern Chile. High amounts of sulfur (S; 9900 mg kg?1) and Pb (6530 mg kg?1) were found in the polluted soil. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed a lead sulfide (PbS: galena). Metallic Pb particles, which were between 41 and 46 µm, were identified in the soil. After eggshell and seashell (20%) were applied, the soil pH increased from 6.0 to 7.84 and 8.07, respectively. In the studied soil, the leaching test showed a 59 mg L?1 average Pb extractable concentration. After 240 days, extractable Pb by toxicity characteristics leaching procedure decreased to 4.79 mg L?1 (93.3%) with the application of seashell at 20% compared with a decrease of 33.33 mg L?1 (53.6%) using eggshell. Pb in the polluted soil was mainly found in the exchangeable fraction (66%), followed by the reducible (24%), residual (7%) and oxidizable (6%) fractions. According to the risk assessment code, the contaminated soil before treatment was classified as very high risk. Adding eggshell (20%) and seashell (20%) decreased the exchangeable fractions to 39 and 35%, respectively. Applying these liming materials achieved Pb immobilization in the soil, but the soil remained in the high environmental risk category. We conclude that the application of seashell waste, resulting from high aquaculture activity, opens an interesting window to the treatment of contaminated arid soils.  相似文献   

17.
Backfills of dredged sediments onto a former sand and gravel mine site in Charles City County, VA may have the potential to contaminate local groundwater. To evaluate the mobility of trace elements and to identify the potential contaminants from the dredged sediments, a sequential extraction scheme was used to partition trace elements associated with the sediments from the local aquifer and the dredged sediments into five fractions: exchangeable, acidic, reducible, oxidizable, and residual phases. Sequential extractions indicate that, for most of the trace elements examined, the residual phases account for the largest proportion of the total concentrations, and their total extractable fractions are mainly from reducible and oxidizable phases. Only Cd, Pb, and Zn have an appreciable extractable proportion from the acidic phase in the filled dredged sediments. Our groundwater monitoring data suggest that the dredged sediments are mainly subject to a decrease in pH and a series of oxidation reactions, when exposed to the atmosphere. Because the trace elements released by carbonate dissolution and the oxidation (e.g., organic matter degradation, iron sulfide and, ammonia oxidation) are subsequently immobilized by sorption to iron, manganese, and aluminum oxides, no potential contaminants to local groundwater are expected by addition of the dredged sediments to this site.  相似文献   

18.
Sixty-two soil samples collected from different functional zones of Guiyang were analyzed for total concentrations and sequential extraction of Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd by ICP spectrometry. The average total concentrations ofCr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in the soils of Guiyang were 92.9, 51.6, 44.1,139.3 and 0.28 mg/kg, respectively. The soils have been polluted by Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd to some extent in comparison with the background values of Guiyang. Significant differences were recognized in the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in different functional zones. As for the sequential extraction, Cr, Cu and Zn were present mainly in the residual fraction, and Pb was present mainly in the oxidizable fraction. The reducible fraction of Cd accounts for 47.5%, and the residual fraction is lowest. The mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals follow the order of Cd〉Pb〉Cu〉Cr〉Zn.  相似文献   

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