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Seismic vulnerability and risk assessment: case study of the historic city centre of Coimbra, Portugal 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
Romeu Vicente Sonia Parodi Sergio Lagomarsino Humberto Varum J. A. R. Mendes Silva 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2011,9(4):1067-1096
Seismic risk evaluation of built-up areas involves analysis of the level of earthquake hazard of the region, building vulnerability
and exposure. Within this approach that defines seismic risk, building vulnerability assessment assumes great importance,
not only because of the obvious physical consequences in the eventual occurrence of a seismic event, but also because it is
the one of the few potential aspects in which engineering research can intervene. In fact, rigorous vulnerability assessment
of existing buildings and the implementation of appropriate retrofitting solutions can help to reduce the levels of physical
damage, loss of life and the economic impact of future seismic events. Vulnerability studies of urban centres should be developed
with the aim of identifying building fragilities and reducing seismic risk. As part of the rehabilitation of the historic
city centre of Coimbra, a complete identification and inspection survey of old masonry buildings has been carried out. The
main purpose of this research is to discuss vulnerability assessment methodologies, particularly those of the first level,
through the proposal and development of a method previously used to determine the level of vulnerability, in the assessment
of physical damage and its relationship with seismic intensity. Also presented and discussed are the strategy and proposed
methodology adopted for the vulnerability assessment, damage and loss scenarios for the city centre of Coimbra, Portugal,
using a GIS mapping application. 相似文献
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我国约有1.1万个海岛,多处于地震活跃带,地震灾害特征明显,目前地震领域研究主要针对城市展开,海岛地震灾害风险的研究较少。此背景下,该研究收集了海岛地震相关的地质和地震数据,形成海岛地震灾害空间数据库;从地震危险性、承灾体易损性和防震减灾能力3个方面构建海岛地震灾害风险评价指标体系;利用ArcGIS空间分析技术,采用熵权法与AHP法相结合建立海岛地震灾害风险综合评价模型,以长岛县、洞头区和东山县为例进行分析,并将海岛地震灾害风险等级划分为4个等级。结果显示:东山县为地震灾害高风险区,洞头区和长岛县为地震灾害较低风险区。该研究对海岛工程抗震规划与设计有重要意义。 相似文献
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城市典型建筑的地震损失预测方法Ⅰ: 结构易损性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
地震作用下结构的易损性分析是地震灾害损失预测方法的重要组成部分。本文针对多层砌体房屋结构、排架结构和多层钢筋混凝土结构等3种城市典型建筑,首先给出了该类单体建筑的地震结构易损性分析方法,然后对群体建筑的地震易损性分析方法,以及群体建筑的易损性分类方法进行了探讨,为城市典型建筑的地震灾害损失预测和评估提供参考,并为宁波市抗震防灾规划的地震损失预测提供基础。 相似文献
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地震作用下结构的易损性分析是地震灾害损失预测方法的重要组成部分。本文针对多层砌体房屋结构、排架结构和多层钢筋混凝土结构等3种城市典型建筑，首先给出了该类单体建筑的地震结构易损性分析方法，然后对群体建筑的地震易损性分析方法，以及群体建筑的易损性分类方法进行了探讨，为城市典型建筑的地震灾害损失预测和评估提供参考，并为宁波市抗震防灾规划的地震损失预测提供基础。 相似文献
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The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how assessment of seismic vulnerability can be effective in protection against earthquakes.Findings are reported from a case study in a densely populated urban area near an active fault,utilizing practical methods and exact engineering data.Vulnerability factors were determined due to technical considerations,and a field campaign was performed to collect the required data.Multi-criteria decision making was carried out by means of an analytical hierarchy process including a fuzzy standardization.Earthquake scenarios were applied through an implicit vulnerability model.GIS was utilized and the results were analyzed by classifying the state of vulnerability in levels as very low,low,moderate,high,and very high.Seismic resilience was evaluated as vulnerabilities below the moderate state,being about 40% in an intensity of 6 Mercalli and less than 10% in 10 Mercalli.It is concluded that seismic resilience in the area studied is not acceptable,the area is vulnerable in the expected scenarios,and due to the high seismicity of the region,proper crisis management planning is required in parallel with attempts toward retrofitting.In this regard,an emergency map was developed with reference to the assessed vulnerabilities. 相似文献
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城市是人口密集、财富集中的区域,也是需要采取特别抗震设防措施的重点地区。地震小区划是精细划分城市抗震设防单元的重要技术途径,可以帮助摸清城市所面临的潜在地震灾害风险,并为城市规划和建设提供更加科学的抗震设防要求。1986—2022年6月,中国共完成城市地震小区划项目369个,地震小区划总面积22856.6km2,涉及61.3%的省会城市和直辖市、33%的设区的市和地(州、盟)驻地城市以及14.1%的县(市、区、旗)所在城市。本文利用文献调研和统计学方法,系统总结了中国城市地震小区划工作开展情况,分析存在的问题,并对今后推进地震小区划工作提出了建议。 相似文献
8.
V. I. Osipov V. I. Larionov S. P. Sushchev N. I. Frolova A. N. Ugarov S. V. Kozharinov T. V. Barskaya 《Water Resources》2016,43(7):982-997
Earthquakes, among other natural phenomena, often cause loss of life and significant economic damage. According to the statistical data of the International Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (www.cred.be), earthquakes are among the leaders in all aspects: the number of fatalities, the number of injured, and the caused economic loss. The widely accepted strategy for reducing the damage and social losses implies preventive measures in high-risk zones identified by mapping with different details. About 5% of RF territory is referred to the areas characterized by a high level of seismic hazard, where earthquakes with intensities I = 8–9 and 9–10 by the MMSK-86 scale may occur. The Caucasus is among the most hazardous and densely populated regions in the country. During the preparation to the 2014 Olympic Games, the individual seismic risk was assessed for the Greater Sochi territory including the Olympic sites. The paper analyzes the results of seismic risk monitoring, obtained in 2007 and 2013. 相似文献
9.
Seismic damage evaluation in urban areas using the capacity spectrum method: Application to Barcelona 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Alex H. Barbat Luis G. Pujades Nieves Lantada 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(10-11):851
Conceptual aspects related to seismic vulnerability, damage and risk evaluation are discussed first, together with a short review of the most widely used possibilities for seismic evaluation of structures. The capacity spectrum method and the way of obtaining seismic damage scenarios for urban areas starting from capacity and fragility curves are then discussed. The determination of capacity curves for buildings using non-linear structural analysis tools is then explained, together with a simplified expeditious procedure allowing the development of fragility curves. The seismic risk of the buildings of Barcelona, Spain, is analyzed in the paper, based on the application of the capacity spectrum method. The seismic hazard in the area of the city is described by means of the reduced 5% damped elastic response spectrum. The information on the buildings was obtained by collecting, arranging, improving and completing a broad database of the dwellings and current buildings. The buildings existing in Barcelona are mainly of two types: unreinforced masonry structures and reinforced concrete buildings with waffled-slab floors. The ArcView software was used to create a GIS tool for managing the collected information in order to develop seismic risk scenarios. This study shows that the vulnerability of the buildings is significant in Barcelona and, therefore, in spite of the low-to-moderate seismic hazard in the region, the expected seismic risk is considerable. 相似文献
10.
Afef Khalfet Mansour Najla Bouden Romdhane Noureddine Boukadi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2013,11(5):1563-1583
Tunis is a densely populated city. Its building stock was constructed without any seismic design code and mostly over soft soils. These facts make a seismic risk assessment of the city necessary. To prepare a large-scale vulnerability assessment of the buildings of Tunis, the following methodology was employed: (1) a collection of data based on a rapid visual screening procedure was gathered using an inventory form. These data were composed of files and information placed at the disposal of the authors by the municipality of Tunis. The data also contained information gathered by surveys carried out by engineering departments and information gathered from building owners. (2) A classification of building typologies was carried out considering construction material, structural system, age, height, function and state of maintenance. A measure of seismic vulnerability was assigned to each typology considering the first two parameters. (3) A large-scale vulnerability assessment using two methods was conducted for buildings for which few data were available. Vulnerability methods inspired by the EMS98 concepts and the Italian GNDT concepts were modified and applied to pilot-scale buildings located in the downtown zone (Habib Bourguiba Avenue) and in the old zone (Medina). The data analysis, through the application of the two methods, suggests that the vulnerability of buildings surveyed in Tunis is significant and risk mitigation efforts are necessary. 相似文献
11.
城市地震成灾机制分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
城市是人类社会进步的产物,与农村相比,城市具有空间的集中性、人口的密集性、经济结构的多样性、聚集性、开放性和社会活动的广泛性及基础结构的完善性,因而地震灾害更为严重,抵御地震的能力更为脆弱,后果更具有全局性。城市地震灾害的成灾要素与城市的特点息息相关。人工环境、天然环境、社会环境的破坏及对人的伤害,是城市地震灾害成灾的四大要素,其中对人的伤害是第一要素。城市地震灾害的成灾机制是地震造成的直接后果、原生灾害、诱发灾害和次生灾害。了解这些,为我们制定城市综合防震减灾有重要意义。 相似文献
12.
The seismic vulnerability index(Kg) is a parameter that depends on the dynamic properties of soil. With this parameter, it is possible to evaluate the vulnerability of a point-based site under strong ground motion. Since it is related to the natural vibration period and amplification factor, the parameter can be calculated for both soil and structure. In this study, HVSR microtremor measurements are recorded at more than 200 points in the Van region to generate a seismic vulnerability index map. After generating the map, it is determined that the hazard potential and seismic vulnerability index is high at the sites close to Van Lake and at the densely populated city center. Damage information of the buildings investigated after the 2011 Van earthquakes(Mw = 7.1) are placed on the seismic vulnerability index map and it is realized that there may be a correlation between the damage and the seismic vulnerability index. There is a high correlation, approximately 80 percent, between the damage rate map based on the damaged building data and the K_g values. In addition, vulnerability indexes of buildings are calculated and the effect of local soil conditions and building properties on the damage levels are determined. From the results of this study and the site observations after the 2011 Van earthquakes, it is found that structural damage is not only structure-dependent but is also related to the dynamic behavior of soil layers and local soil conditions. 相似文献
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ASSESSING THE SEISMIC RISK OF CITIES AT FINE-SCALE: A CASE STUDY OF HAIDIAN DISTRICT IN BEIJING,CHINA 
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下载免费PDF全文 In order to provide practical and useful information for the disaster prevention and relief actions, it is necessary to take into account spatial differences and temporal changes of seismic risk in evaluating seismic risk at a proper temporal and spatial scale. From the perspectives of identifying spatial difference of seismic risk within the city and performing disaster relief operations, the evaluation of urban seismic risk is done in this paper at the spatial scale of 500m*500m grids for day time and night time separately. For this purpose, this paper proposes the methods for the assessment of seismic risk, establishing the correspondence relations between the population and land use, and between the floor area of buildings destroyed and casualties at more reasonable spatial and temporal scales. Taking a case study of Haidian District in Beijing using these methods, we estimate the floor area and the value of buildings destroyed and the casualties at daytime and nighttime separately at the 500m grid scale. Results show that:a total of 185, 000m2 of areas is expected to be destroyed annually in Haidian District, and the total loss of the houses is 325 million Yuan(excluding properties within the houses). During the day(night)time, 3, 159(2, 037)victims are expected to be killed and 12, 071(7, 790) injured. Destruction of buildings and loss of houses is spatially concentrated in the downtowns in the south and the industrial parks in the east. The casualties inflicted during the day and night descend from southeast to northwest, i.e. from urban core areas, urban fringes, urban outskirts, to village. Several regions suffer heavy casualties during the day, but nighttime casualties are scattered across different regions. The conclusions in this paper efficiently identify the spatial distribution of areas at the level of high and the very high seismic risk, which provides reliable decision support for identifying priority areas for pre-disaster prevention and mitigation, emergency rescue and the distribution of various relief supplies. 相似文献
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地震防灾减灾能力是国家的重点需求,针对当前城市抗震应急存在的灵活性差问题,在过去研究的基础上,将GIS系统应用至城市抗震救灾应急响应中,建立的GIS系统利用地震灾害评估模块、数据库管理模块、地震应急响应和指挥决策模块构成城市抗震救灾应急响应框架,完成城市GIS系统的应用分析。地震灾害评估模块中计算震害总体损失、经济损失和生命损失,实现地震灾害评估信息数据的精确性采集;数据库管理模块中的抗灾救灾应急响应数据库主要利用矢量数据、数字正射影像数据和其他专题数据构成,完成一致性访问各种类型数据,提高城市抗震救灾应急响应灵活性;在响应与决策模块中利用核心服务器实现数据信息的上传下达,实现快速救援响应。研究中对这套GIS系统与当前方法做对比,进行抗震救灾过程灵活性、救援数据精准性的比较实验。实验对比结果表明,所提研究成果提供的救援数据精确性强,且运行过程中灵活系数等部分指标高于当前研究。 相似文献
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从历史最大地震烈度分布图分析,可知揭阳、汕头、潮州三市位于Ⅶ～Ⅷ度高地震烈度区。该城市群地震灾害有以下特点:市区发生破坏性地震的潜在危险性大;地震时市区地震烈度高,地震灾害大,损失严重。采用宏观经济易损性的地震损失分析方法,重演该区的历史破坏性地震。分析表明:抓好该区的防震减灾工作是保持社会和经济建设持续发展的一项重要工作。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯块体周缘历史上多次发生大地震,同时该地区人口稠密,城市群集中,有必要分析该地区未来30年的大地震危险性,为该地区的应急备灾工作提供参考.本文利用块体周缘活动断层的滑动速率、历史地震古地震等资料,建立了考虑大地震发生率的时间非平稳性质和大地震危险性近断层分布特征的地震危险性模型.计算了块体周缘未来30年Ⅷ度地震动的超越概率分布图,并同《中国地震动参数区划图》的地震危险性模型进行了比较.本文研究认为,由断层滑动速率估算的断层地震活动性与基于地震目录统计的地震活动性总体差别不大,但断层源的地震危险性在沿断层破裂面地区增大明显.结果认为,鄂尔多斯块体周缘未来30年地震危险性最高的地区在块体西南缘,六盘山东麓断裂和会宁—义岗断裂及周边地区是未来30年地震危险性较高的地区. 相似文献
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V. I. Ulomov T. I. Danilova N. S. Medvedeva T. P. Polyakova L. S. Shumilina 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2007,43(7):559-572
The seismicity of the North Caucasus is the highest in the European part of Russia. The detection of potential seismic sources here and long-term prediction of earthquakes are extremely important for the assessment of seismic hazard and seismic risk in this densely populated and industrially developed region of the country. The seismogenic structures of the Iran-Caucasus-Anatolia and Central Asia regions, adjacent to European Russia, are the subjects of this study. These structures are responsible for the specific features of regional seismicity and for the geodynamic interaction with adjacent areas of the Scythian and Turan platforms. The most probable potential sources of earthquakes with magnitudes M = 7.0 ± 0.2 and 7.5 ± 0.2 in the North Caucasus are located. The possible macroseismic effect of one of them is assessed. 相似文献
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房屋建筑的地震易损性是地震损失评估和地震巨灾风险模型的基础。作为房屋建筑的重要组成部分,各类非结构构件的损失在现有的易损性模型中并未得到足够重视。本文以一栋典型钢筋混凝土框架结构教学楼为对象,通过将房屋建筑中的各类构件划分为具有不同地震损伤特性和损失后果的易损性组,考察建筑内的损失分布和非结构损失对房屋建筑地震易损性的影响。分析结果表明:由于许多非结构构件在中小地震作用下即可能发生较严重的破坏,房屋建筑在中小地震下的易损性主要受非结构损失控制;随着地震动强度等级的不断提高,结构损伤渐趋严重,结构损失对整体建筑易损性的影响不断增大;在结构进入震后不可修状态之前,建筑不同楼层的损失分布是评估建筑地震损失时不可忽略的因素。 相似文献