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滨岸相混控碎屑岩沉积体系是指发育在滨岸带，受河流、波浪和潮汐混合水动力作用产生的复合碎屑岩沉积体系。受区域构造、物源、古地貌、海平面变化和滨岸水动力控制，塔里木盆地沙雅隆起区在志留纪—泥盆纪—石炭纪时期发育了辫状河三角洲、潮汐和波浪作用相互交替的滨岸相碎屑岩复合沉积体系。本文基于野外露头、钻井和测井等资料，开展了沙雅隆起区志留系—石炭系沉积层序、沉积相和沉积模式的综合研究，建立复合沉积体系的沉积学模式，包括：① 志留系—泥盆系的浪控- 潮控海湾沉积体系；② 下石炭统巴楚组的台地- 蒸发潟湖- 潮坪沉积体系；③ 下石炭统卡拉沙依组的河控- 浪控- 潮控三角洲沉积体系。下志留统柯坪塔格组滨岸滩坝和潮坪砂体、上泥盆统东河塘组冲积平原、海湾滩坝砂体和下石炭统卡拉沙依组辫状河三角洲砂体在塔北地区大面积分布，其冲积平原、三角洲前缘、水下分流河道砂体被后期潮汐和波浪作用改造后，形成潮汐水道砂体、河口坝砂体和滨岸滩坝砂体，物性条件明显改善，有利于形成优质储层区带。目前，滨岸混合水动力碎屑岩沉积体系已获得重大油气勘探突破，其沉积学模式可为塔北地区古生界碎屑岩油气勘探提供理论基础。 相似文献
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《沉积与特提斯地质》2006,26(2):71-71
南非3.2Ga的古太古界Moodies群砂岩中新近发现的微生物,与保存在燧石中的古太古界叠层石和细菌细胞化石的形态和成因完全不同。皱纹构造、泥裂及旋卷构造记录了先前存在有效地将沉积物稳定在已知最古老的硅质碎屑潮坪上的微生物席状体。在薄片中,沉积构造显示出微生物席状体呈地毯状、层纹状构造特征。负δ13C同位素比值为(-20.1~-21.5)±0.2‰,与保存在纹理中碳的生物成因一致。Moodies群沉积构造的生物成因经整个地球发展史(包括现今)中类似潮汐环境同样的生物群特征的比较研究所证实。研究表明,硅质碎屑潮坪环境曾是至少32亿年的繁盛微… 相似文献
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神农架群(约1400—1000 Ma)发育于扬子克拉通北缘鄂西北地区,自下而上发育有下亚群(大岩坪组、马槽园组、乱石沟组、大窝坑组和矿石山组)、中亚群(台子组、野马河组、温水河组和石槽河组)及上亚群(送子园组和瓦岗溪组)。每亚群均由相对较深水相碎屑岩和浅水碳酸盐岩组成。一系列岩石组合特征、宏微观沉积组构和沉积构造等表明,神农架群发育环潮坪相藻碳酸盐岩、浅海相碎屑岩、台缘浅滩颗粒碳酸盐岩和台缘斜坡砾屑碳酸盐岩等4类沉积组合,形成于远端变陡型缓坡型碳酸盐岩台地背景。环潮坪沉积分布最广,遍布于所有碳酸盐岩地层,不同类型叠层石发育,构成向上变浅沉积序列;进积作用强烈,干裂构造、蒸发岩等常见;沉积相带由浅潮下、潮坪及潮上带组成。浅海碎屑岩沉积组合主要见于台子组及大岩坪组,由砂岩、粉砂岩与泥岩组成,石英砂岩分选和磨圆较好,自生海绿石常见,平行层理、水平—波状层理发育,泥岩中自生黄铁矿发育,总体经历了滨岸浅滩—浅海陆棚—碎屑潮坪—局限台地等的高频变化。台缘浅滩颗粒碳酸盐岩以鲕粒白云岩、砾屑白云岩(及内碎屑白云岩)和斜歪锥、柱状叠层石为特征,主要见于乱石沟组、野马河组;大窝坑组及石槽河组以鲕粒和砂—砾屑白云岩及藻碎屑(团块或凝块石)为特征;大中型板状交错层理、递变—平行层理和冲刷—侵蚀构造普遍,表明浅潮下带强水动力条件环境。台缘斜坡砾屑碳酸盐岩发育在大岩坪组中上部及马槽园组,由滑塌堆积的透镜状、巨厚层状巨—粗—细砾岩和砂岩组成,砾岩成分以白云岩等为主,可见大型交错层理、波痕和侵蚀—冲刷等沉积构造。对神农架群沉积序列、沉积特征及沉积演化过程的研究,为扬子克拉通中元古代晚期的盆地演化与重建、沉积充填过程及地层—沉积对比研究提供了基础资料及依据。 相似文献
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西藏羌塘盆地东部中侏罗统广泛发育陆源碎屑与碳酸盐的混合沉积。综合前人研究成果,结合区域地质资料和室内样品分析,对混积岩、混积层系、陆源碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩、混合沉积环境进行了详细的研究。结果表明,研究区中侏罗统混合沉积在微观上表现为陆源碎屑与碳酸盐沉积物组分的混积岩,宏观上则表现为陆源碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩、混积岩相互叠加的混积层系,发育滨岸、碳酸盐岩缓坡、潮坪-潟湖3类沉积体系,在此基础上以沉积学原理为指导建立了中侏罗统雀莫错组、布曲组和夏里组的混合沉积模式。 相似文献
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黄河北煤田煤系广泛发育潮坪沉积体系,通过对其沉积特征及沉积模式的研究,认为潮坪沉积体系主要包括潮道（潮沟或潮渠）、泥坪、沙坪、砂泥混合坪及潮坪沼泽和潮坪泥炭沼泽相等沉积相类型,其特征是砂泥比值较高,沉积厚度大,为含煤地层发育提供物质基础;在沉积环境演化方面与整个鲁西南地区沉积特征相似,整体为海水逐渐衰退的过程;在潮坪沼泽和潮坪泥炭沼泽中形成含硫量相对较高的煤层与海平面的变化密不可分,潮坪沉积物中发育的10煤、8煤、7煤、6煤等与潮坪泥炭沼泽沉积在该区分布特点具有一致性,由此可知,潮坪沉积体系的沉积物与煤层形成特点和形成规律有着密切关系,为研究区成煤作用研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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中国西部大型盆地（鄂尔多斯、四川、塔里木盆地）的古老海相地层受多期构造改造而变得复杂不一,造成难以准确识别和解析沉积建造并找准油气勘探目标。综合分析了三大盆地的海相碳酸盐岩的沉积大地构造背景和充填序列,建立了典型沉积建造的地质结构模型。结果表明:三大盆地海相碳酸盐岩主要沉积于前中生代中国陆块群的构造离散阶段,准稳定的鄂尔多斯盆地在古老碳酸盐岩建造沉积之前几乎没有碎屑岩垫底,次稳定的四川盆地和活动的塔里木盆地都具有碎屑岩垫底;基底和周缘发育古老的下伏裂谷是它们共有的特色,并形成了隐伏于盆地内部的牛头型建造;前印支期,都普遍发育若干不同规模的古隆起,围绕古隆起披覆沉积的似背斜建造是这些盆地又一显著特点;在构造相对稳定的间隙期,三大克拉通内部往往为广阔的浅水陆表海沉积,席状的台地潮坪白云岩建造是以往关注度最小的一类建造。上述古老克拉通盆地的牛头型建造、似背斜建造、席状白云岩建造埋藏深、隐伏性强,是重要的油气勘探指向。如何在被多旋回构造改造的叠合盆地中准确解析地层和岩相,并识别出这些建造的精细结构,是未来古老深层海相油气勘探极具挑战性和非常必要的研究方向。 相似文献
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前寒武纪的生物界是以微生物为主导的,微生物所引起的生物沉积构造的研究一直受到地质学家重视。以往的研究多集中在碳酸盐岩地层,近年来以发育在碎屑岩地层为主的微生物成因沉积构造(MISS)也成为地学界的研究热点之一。豫西鲁山地区云梦山组隶属于中元古界汝阳群,在构造古地理上属于华北地台南缘,主要为一套陆源碎屑岩沉积,其层面发育了大量的MISS,且类型多样。MISS类型的分布特征对精细环境有良好的指示作用;MISS的大量发育表明了当时微生物群落的繁盛,揭示了当时的微生物群落对古环境具有的强大改造功能。 相似文献
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影响沉积盆地相对海平面变化的多重因素和旋回层序响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沉积盆地内相对海平面变化及沉积层序形成不仅受全球海平面变化旋回控制，而且沉积盆地所处的构造背景和相关因素，如：沉积物供给、盆底沉降和自然地理条件也对沉积层序及其内部组成——体系域具有极大的影响。对应于海平面变化发育的容纳空间旋回层序，沉积供给也可以形成特征的、可以鉴别的供给旋回层序。具有过渡性界线的三级或高频旋回层序受相对海平面变化和沉积供给双重因素控制。不同构造背景沉积盆地边缘发育不同的盆底沉降速率，相对海平面变化响应于盆缘沉降具有明显的构造－海平面分带，岸线在构造－海平面带中的地理位置决定了层序界面和层序堆叠样式，也同样影响着低位体系域的构成。深水盆地环境古地形特点及沉积物供给制约着深水沉积序列。构造运动显著地影响着沉积层序发育。碳酸盐缓坡和平顶镶边陆架的层序格架及体系域发育受其坡度、盆地深度及下降幅度的因素的作用。台地边缘和大陆边缘盆地浊积岩层序的发育和体系域组成受控于差异的沉积物源（平顶碳酸盐台地、镶边台地和陆源碎屑岩陆架）、古地理及构造活动性 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献