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1.
The aim of this work is to introduce the application of the fuzzy ordered weighted averaging method as a straightforward knowledge‐driven approach to explore porphyry copper deposits in an airborne prospect. In this paper, the proposed method is applied to airborne geophysical (potassium radiometry, magnetometry, and frequency‐domain electromagnetic) data, geological layers (fault and host rock zones), and various extracted alteration layers from remote sensing images. The central Iranian volcanic–sedimentary belt in Kerman province of Iran that is located within the Urumieh–Dokhtar (Sahand–Bazman) magmatic arc is chosen for this study. This region has high potential of mineral occurrences, especially porphyry copper, containing some active world‐class copper mines such as Sarcheshmeh. Two evidential layers, including the downward continued map and the analytic signal of such filtered magnetic data, are generated to be used as geophysical plausible traces of porphyry copper occurrences. The low values of the resistivity layer acquired from airborne frequency‐domain electromagnetic data are also used as an electrical criterion in this study. Four remote sensing evidential layers, including argillic, phyllic, propylitic, and hydroxyl alterations, are extracted from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer images in order to map the altered areas associated with porphyry copper deposits. The Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus images are used to map iron oxide layer. Since potassium alteration is the mainstay of copper alteration, the airborne potassium radiometry data are used. Here, the fuzzy ordered weighted averaging method uses a wide range of decision strategies in order to generate numerous mineral potential/prospectivity maps. The final mineral potential map based upon desired geo‐data set indicates adequately matching of high‐potential zones with previous working mines and copper deposits. 相似文献
2.
Emplacement P-T condition estimations using granites are important for understanding metamorphic and erosional processes of orogenic belt.Granites are widespread in South China and a majority of them are peraluminous.Particularly,over 91%of the Indosinian granites exposed in the region are peraluminous in composition.It is extremely hard to determine the pressure of intrusion of these peraluminous granites due to the absence of amphibole,a good mineral barometer commonly identified in metaluminous granites.Muscovite is a common mineral in peraluminous granites,certain kind of it could be used as a mineral barometer to constrain the emplacement pressure of peraluminous granites.In this paper,results of petrographic and geochemical studies of muscovites from the Indosinian and early Yanshanian two-mica granites at the Longyuanba in the eastern Nanling Range are reported.Based on petrographic studies,the primary muscovite can be discriminated from the secondary muscovites.Muscovites from the Indosinian two-mica granites are enriched in Ti,Al,Mg,and Na,and depleted in Fe and Mn.Geochemically,these muscovites were considered as primary,whereas those from the Yanshanian two-mica granites fall into the area of secondary muscovite on discrimination diagrams.Barometer estimations show that pressures calculated for primary muscovites are accurate,but those calculated for secondary muscovites are overestimated.The average pressure of emplacement of the Longyuanba Indosinian two-mica granites is 5.9 kbar,corresponding to~19 km in depth,suggesting that the Indosinian granitic magmas were probably generated by partial melting of a thickened crust root in a compressional tectonic setting. 相似文献
3.
This paper reports the application of weights-of-evidence, artificial neural networks, and fuzzy logic spatial modeling techniques
to generate prospectivity maps for gold mineralization in the neighborhood of the Amapari Au mine, Brazil. The study area
comprises one of the last Brazilian mineral exploration frontiers. The Amapari mine is located in the Maroni-Itaicaiúnas Province,
which regionally hosts important gold, iron, manganese, chromite, diamond, bauxite, kaolinite, and cassiterite deposits. The
Amapari Au mine is characterized as of the orogenic gold deposit type. The highest gold grades are associated with highly
deformed rocks and are concentrated in sulfide-rich veins mainly composed of pyrrhotite. The data used for the generation
of gold prospectivity models include aerogeophysical and geological maps as well as the gold content of stream sediment samples.
The prospectivity maps provided by these three methods showed that the Amapari mine stands out as an area of high potential
for gold mineralization. The prospectivity maps also highlight new targets for gold exploration. These new targets were validated
by means of detailed maps of gold geochemical anomalies in soil and by fieldwork. The identified target areas exhibit good
spatial coincidence with the main soil geochemical anomalies and prospects, thus demonstrating that the delineation of exploration
targets by analysis and integration of indirect datasets in a geographic information system (GIS) is consistent with direct
prospecting. Considering that work of this nature has never been developed in the Amazonian region, this is an important example
of the applicability and functionality of geophysical data and prospectivity analysis in regions where geologic and metallogenetic
information is scarce. 相似文献
4.
Multiple-aged granitoids and related tungsten-tin mineralization in the Nanling Range, South China 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
The Nanling metallogenic belt in South China is characterized by well-developed tungsten-tin mineralization related to multiple-aged granitoids. This belt is one of the 5 key prospecting and exploration areas among the 19 important metallogenic targets in China. Important progress has been made in recent years in understanding the Nanling granitoids and associated mineralization, and this paper introduces the latest major findings as follows: (1) there exists a series of Caledonian, Indosinian, and Yanshanian W-Sn-bearing granites; (2) the Sn-bearing Yanshanian granites in the Nanling Range form an NE-SW trending aluminous A-type granite belt that stretches over 350 km. The granites typically belong to the magnetite series, and dioritic micro-granular enclaves with mingling features are very common; (3) the Early Yanshanian Sn- and W-bearing granites possess different petrological and geochemical features to each other: most Sn-bearing granites are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous biotite (hornblende) granites, with zircon ?Hf(t) values of ca. ?2 to ?8, whereas most W-bearing granites are peraluminous two-mica granites or muscovite granites with ?Hf(t) values of ca. ?8 to ?12; (4) based on the petrology and geochemistry of the W-Sn-bearing granites, mineralogical studies have shown that common minerals such as titanite, magnetite, and biotite may be used as indicators for discriminating the mineralizing potential of the Sn-bearing granites. Similarly, W-bearing minerals such as wolframite may indicate the mineralizing potential of the W-bearing granites. Future studies should be focused on examining the internal relationships between the multiple-aged granites in composite bodies, the metallogenic peculiarities of multiple-aged W-Sn-bearing granites, the links between melt evolution and highly evolved ore-bearing felsic dykes, and the connections between granite domes and mineralization. 相似文献
5.
《Geofísica Internacional》2014,53(2):199-210
Geophysical methods are widely used in mineral exploration. This paper discusses the results of geological and geophysical studies in supergene manganese deposits of southern Brazil. Mineralized zones as described in geological surveys were characterized as of low resistivity (20Ω.m) and high chargeability (30ms), pattern found also in oxides and sulfite mineral deposits. Pseudo-3D modeling of geophysical data allowed mapping at several depths. A relationship between high chargeability and low resistivity may define a pattern for high grade gonditic manganese ore. Large areas of high chargeability and high resistivity may result in accumulation of manganese and iron hydroxides, due to weathering of the gonditic ore, dissolution, percolation and precipitation. 相似文献
6.
广东始兴南山钨锡多金属矿床位于南岭成矿带东段,是中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心在新一轮钨多金属矿找矿工作实施中根据＂模型找矿＂找到的具有大型远景的钨锡钼铋多金属矿床。最新研究和工程钻探成果显示矿区分南北两个矿带,已圈定规模较大的钨锡多金属矿脉（体）10多条（个）,矿化类型有矽卡岩型、蚀变花岗岩型（云英岩型）、斑岩型和石英脉型。各种类型的矿体在空间上既有独立产出,又有共存一体、相伴而生,构成＂多位一体＂的复合矿床。其中以矽卡岩型钨锡铋多金属矿体、斑岩型钨钼多金属矿体和蚀变花岗岩型钨钼多金属矿体规模最大。本文通过该区地质、地球化学及主要钨锡钼铋多金属矿体特征的分析研究,指出了南山矿区的资源潜力,提出南山地区钨锡钼铋多金属矿的找矿方向。 相似文献
7.
浙闽裂谷带为金银铅锌铜钼金属矿床及萤石、高岭土等非金属矿床的重要成矿域,其代表性矿床有治岭头金银矿床、梅仙式块状硫化物多金属矿床、银坑斑岩型钼矿床、湖山萤石矿田、武义萤石矿田等。裂谷带活动具两个旋回,第一旋回与超大陆解体相当,始于新元古代,闭合于加里东期,代表性地层标志为中元古代地层。第二旋回始于燕山早期,止于燕山晚期,代表性地层标志为下侏罗统枫坪组地层及白垩纪断陷盆地沉积地层。第一旋回相对应区域变质、混合岩化、韧性剪切活动及岩浆岩侵位等地质作用。第二旋回相对应大规模火山喷发、岩浆侵位、断陷盆地等地质作用。第一旋回裂谷环境中,形成治岭头式金银矿和梅仙式铅锌多金属矿床的初胚或金属矿床的初始矿体;在第二旋回后期大规模火山热液的成矿作用中,使前者叠加富集,形成了巨大资源量的工业矿体,而岩体侵位形成了一系列斑岩铜矿和浙闽地区极富特色非金属矿、萤石矿成矿带。 相似文献
8.
金属矿产勘查技术发展现状与思考 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
近年来，以寻找金属矿产为目的发愤卢业的勘查新技术可概括为：（1）以寻找隐伏矿为目标的覆盖区地球物理勘查技术，其中包括“三维地震”和“高光谱遥感”技术；（2）地球化学勘查新技术，其中包括“深穿透地球化学技术”、“地球化学信息的综合解释和地球化学填图技术”；（3）“找矿信息提取和综合”技术等。限于篇幅，本文仅对地球化学勘查新技术的研究现状进行了分析，同时对下列问题进行了思考：（1）在一个地区开展地球化学找矿工作首先要确立合适的取样介质，取样介质的立应以查明成矿成晕元素的形成机制和赋存状态为基础；（2）加强不同景观条件下不同矿种和不同矿床类型的异常特征和异常模式研究，建立区分矿异常和非矿异常的模式识别模型；（3）加强不同景观地质条件下，不同勘查尺度的地球化学填图技术研究，以实现迅速掌握全局，逐步缩小靶区的找矿战略；（4）加强地球化学信息与地质、地球物理和遥感信息相结合的信息综合技术的研究，应用综合信息定量圈定和评价找矿靶区，减少矿产勘查的不确定性。 相似文献
9.
Although a number of parameters affect the temperature-depth profile in a borehole, temperature measurements have been successfully used to detect and map fracture zones with moving water and massive sulfide mineralization, and they have been used to map lithology. In drill holes without water flow, temperature gradient logs have been used to map lithology where significant thermal conductivity contrasts exist between different materials. Because of the high thermal conductivity of massive sulfides, temperature measurements show significant anomalies near or within mineralized zones and may be used successfully to locate sulfide occurrences. Although temperature measurements may not replace conventional electrical methods in exploration for most massive sulfide deposits, non-conducting and non-polarizable sulfides, such as sphalerite, may be explored for with temperature methods. Electrochemical reactions within massive sulfide deposits may generate sufficient heat to be detected on the temperature-depth profile. Their detection provides information to aid in interpreting self potentials within massive sulfide deposits. Field examples of four applications of temperature measurements in mineral exploration are presented: (1) lithological mapping; (2) fracture detection; (3) direct detection of massive sulfides; (4) use in correcting and interpreting other geophysical logs. 相似文献
10.
11.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,(11)
The Nanling and adjacent regions of South China host a series of tin deposits related to Mesozoic granites with diverse petrological characteristics. The rocks are amphibole-bearing biotite granites, or(topaz-) albite-lepidolite(zinnwaldite) granites,and geochemically correspond to mealuminous and peraluminous types, respectively. Mineralogical studies demonstrate highly distinctive and critical patterns for each type of granites. In mealuminous tin granites amphibole, biotite and perthite are the typical rock-forming mineral association; titanite and magnetite are typical accessory minerals, indicating high fO2 magmatic conditions;cassiterite, biotite and titanite are the principal Sn-bearing minerals; and pure cassiterite has low trace-element contents. However,in peraluminous tin granites zinnwaldite-lepidolite, K-feldspar and albite are typical rock-forming minerals; topaz is a common accessory phase, indicative of high peraluminity of this type of granites; cassiterite is present as a uniquely important tin mineral,typically rich in Nb and Ta. Mineralogical distinction between the two types of tin granites is largely controlled by redox state,volatile content and differentiation of magmatic melts. In oxidized metaluminous granitic melts, Sn4+ is readily concentrated in Ti-bearing rock-forming and accessory minerals. Such Sn-bearing minerals are typical of oxidized tin granites, and are enriched in granites at the late fractionation stage. In relatively reduced peraluminous granitic melts, Sn2+ is not readily incorporated into rock-forming and accessory minerals, except for cassiterite at fractionation stage of granite magma, which serves as an indicator of tin mineralization associated with this type of granites. The nature of magma and the geochemical behavior of tin in the two types of granites thus result in the formation of different types of tin deposits. Metaluminous granites host disseminated tin mineralization,and are locally related to deposits of the chlorite quartz-vein, greisen, and skarn types. Greisen, skarn, and quartz-vein tin deposits can occur related to peraluminous granites, but disseminated mineralization of cassiterite is more typical. 相似文献
12.
Futoshi Nanayama Jun Tajika Toru Yamasaki Hiroshi Kurita Hideki Iwano Tohru Danhara Takafumi Hirata 《Island Arc》2021,30(1):e12403
Greenstone bodies emplaced upon or into clastic sediments crop out ubiquitously in the Hidaka belt (early Paleogene accretionary and collisional complexes exposed in the central part of northern Hokkaido, NE Japan), but the timing and setting of their emplacement has remained poorly constrained. Here, we report new zircon U–Pb ages for the sedimentary complexes surrounding these greenstones. The Hidaka Supergroup in the northern Hidaka belt is divided into four zones from west to east: zones S, U, and R, which contain in situ greenstones; and zone Y, which does not. Detrital zircons in zones S, U, and R have early Eocene U–Pb ages (55–47 Ma) and these strata are intruded by early Eocene granites (46–45 Ma), indicating that they were deposited between 55 and 46 Ma. Therefore, in situ greenstones in the northern Hidaka belt can only be explained by the subduction of the Izanagi–Pacific Ridge during 55–47 Ma. In contrast, the deposition of zone Y (the Yubetsu Group, younging to the west) began by 73–71 Ma, indicating that the accretionary prism in front of the paleo-Kuril arc formed at the same time as that in the Idonnappu zone and grew continuously until 48 Ma. The plutonic rocks that intruded the Hidaka belt are roughly divided into three stages: (1) early Eocene granites intruded the northern Hidaka belt at 46–45 Ma, during subduction of the Izanagi–Pacific Ridge; (2) the upper sequence of the Hidaka metamorphic zone was metamorphosed by magmatism at 40–37 Ma associated with the collision of the paleo-Kuril arc and NE Asia; and (3) younger granites intruded the entire Hidaka belt at 20–17 Ma in association with asthenospheric upwelling caused by back-arc expansion. 相似文献
13.
Chemical Th–U–total Pb isochron method (CHIME) monazite dating was carried out for pelitic–psammitic migmatites and the Ao granite (one of the Younger Ryoke granites) from the Aoyama area, Ryoke metamorphic belt, Southwest Japan. The Ao granite gives an unequivocal age of 79.8 ± 3.9 Ma. The monazite grains in migmatites yield an age of 96.5 ± 1.9 Ma with rims and patchy domains of 83.5 ± 2.4 Ma. The 83.5 ± 2.4‐Ma overprinting on migmatites over the garnet–cordierite zone suggests a wide and combined effect of thermal input and fluid activity on the monazite grains caused by the contact metamorphism by the Younger Ryoke granites including the Ao granite. This contact metamorphism has not been detected from the major metamorphic mineral assemblage previously, possibly because the migmatites already possessed the high‐temperature mineral assemblage before the granite intrusions and were immune from contact metamorphism in terms of major metamorphic minerals. However, monazite records contact metamorphism clearly. Therefore, the field mapping of the CHIME monazite age is a powerful tool for recognition of polymetamorphism in high‐temperature metamorphic terrains where later thermal effects can not be easily detected by the growth of new major metamorphic minerals. 相似文献
14.
Shengping Gong Yabin Yang Pinrong Lin Wenli Wu Caijun Zheng Fusheng Shi Xiaoping Wu Aihua Weng Guangzhi Zhang Guanwen Gu Yixin Ye 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(7):1929-1947
We describe a three-dimensional electrical exploration system, and its use in carrying out a three-dimensional survey on a polymetallic deposit located in China's Gansu Province. A time-domain-induced polarization method, along with a controlled-source audiomagnetotelluric method, was used to survey the same station points for comparison. Then, a three-dimensional inversion based on the incomplete Gauss–Newton method (for time-domain-induced polarization) and a nonlinear conjugate gradient (for controlled-source audiomagnetotelluric) method were developed and applied in order to model the data sets. Four subsurface targets were mapped by the three-dimensional electrical exploration method. A strong correlation was found between the zones of the revealed ore-bearing anomalies and the geological setting. Using the results of the three-dimensional electrical exploration, we revealed the spatial distribution of the ore-bearing stratum, as well as the relationship between the ore bodies and the stratum. The results potentially provided evidence for future interpretations of deep geological structures, along with evaluations of mineral resources. 相似文献
15.
两个原因使我们必须开展深部探测.一是寻找深部资源,二是更好地理解形成和控制陆内成矿的深部动力学过程,预测新的矿集区.在深部探测专项、国家自然科学基金和地质调查项目资助下,作者在长江中下游成矿带及邻区开展了系统的多尺度、综合地球物理探测.包括:成矿带尺度的宽频地震探测及"廊带式"综合探测,矿集区尺度的骨干剖面探测和三维建模,矿田尺度的三维探测与反演模拟.探测结果在三个层次取得了一系列新认识和新发现,完善了相关探测方法技术.主要包括:揭示了成矿带岩石圈结构、深部过程及对成岩、成矿的控制,提出了成矿带形成的动力学模型,诠释了在狭窄的成矿带内形成大规模金属堆积的深部因素;揭示了典型矿集区地壳三维结构、组成和断裂分布,建立了矿集区三维结构模型和区域成矿模式,推断了主要控矿岩体、地层的空间展布,预测了新的找矿靶区;开展了"玢岩型"、斑岩型和热液型多金属矿床综合地球物理探测试验,总结了勘查模式,预测了深边部找矿靶区;提出了硬岩区反射地震数据采集设计、激发到接收的有效措施,探索了地震弱信号提取、噪声压制、静校正和偏移等处理新技术、新方法;提出了强电磁干扰区电磁去噪的数字形态滤波等技术,完善了二/三维带地形和考虑各向异性情况的电磁正反演技术. 相似文献
16.
A ground gravity survey over the Bondy gneiss complex and its mineralized iron oxide- and copper-rich hydrothermal system(s) in the Grenville Province of SW Quebec was undertaken to aid mineral exploration in mapping subsurface intrusions. Several kilometric-scale positive Bouguer anomalies were identified that coincide with outcropping mafic and intermediate intrusive rocks of the post peak-metamorphic, 1.17-1.16 Ga mafic to intermediate Chevreuil suite intrusions and a 1.09-1.07 Ga Rolleau ultramafic stock. An additional 4 × 3 kilometre positive gravity anomaly indicates a mafic body underlies part of the metamorphosed hydrothermal system in the area of magnetite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite mineralization. Advanced argilic alteration associated with sulphide enrichment here is however indicative of an epithermal system with a felsic intrusion fluid source. As a felsic intrusion cannot explain the positive Bouguer gravity anomaly both felsic and mafic bodies must be present beneath the mineralized zone. Our preferred interpretation based on integrating gravity data and 2D forward gravity modelling with the results of field and geochemical studies is that this anomaly corresponds to a ca. 500 m deep mafic 1.17-1.16 Ga Chevreuil suite pluton that may have provided the source for hydrothermal fluids associated with late ductile shear- and fault-related mineralization or remobilization of early mineralization associated with a felsic pluton into late structures. This interpretation is compatible with gabbro xenoliths in the 1.07 Ga Rivard lamprophyre dyke on the NW margin of the gravity anomaly that bear significant similarities with those of the Chevreuil intrusive suite. The presence of both early felsic and late mafic intrusions beneath a group of three mineral occurrences in the Bondy gneiss complex strengthens their prospectivity in comparison to other mineral occurrences in the area. That early, pre-metamorphic mineralization was upgraded late in the tectonothermal evolution during a subsequent igneous and deformation event agrees with interpretations of other IOCG-style deposits in the Lac Manitou area of the eastern Grenville Province. 相似文献
17.
新疆阿尔泰成矿带花岗岩发育,其中很多花岗岩与成矿作用有着密切的联系,特别是400Ma左右的岩浆活动是阿尔泰地区一次重要的岩浆成矿活动,阿尔泰许多金属矿床与这一时期的岩浆构造作用有关。本次研究的出露于可可塔勒铅锌矿区的黑云母花岗岩体,其锆石LA-ICPMSU-Pb年龄为（401．8士1．5）Ma,表明可可塔勒花岗岩是阿尔泰成矿带400Ma左右发生的一次重要岩浆构造作用的产物,该黑云母花岗岩体侵入于矿区下泥盆统康布铁堡组火山岩地层中,岩体与围岩接触带附近的围岩蚀变明显,该黑云母花岗岩的侵入以及其后期的岩浆热液活动可能对区内成矿物质的活化、迁移、富集、成矿具有一定的贡献。 相似文献
18.
九瑞矿集区作为全国重点整装勘查区之一,深部找矿工作一直是研究重点和热点.本文在综合分析研究区区域地质资料、对典型地层和岩石标本进行电阻率参数测试和统计分析的基础上,利用研究区面积性AMT数据进行三维电性结构研究.为获得AMT最佳反演参数,选择一条典型AMT剖面开展二维非线性共轭梯度(NLCG)反演,进而总结出利用TM极化模式数据、拉格朗日乘子等于3的二维反演方案.综合利用地质、钻探和电性特征对全区23条AMT剖面进行二维约束反演,并将所有测线的电阻率反演结果三维网格化,得到了研究区的三维电性结构.最后,我们通过对三维电性结构的综合分析,确定研究区地下地层、岩体展布、断裂构造分布特征以及基底起伏情况.与已知矿床对比,我们发现浅部北西断裂与北东向区域性深部断裂交汇处、基底隆起凹槽边缘以及岩体边缘为成矿有利区. 相似文献
19.
Large clusters of gold deposits and large-scale metallogenesis in the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Jiaodong Peninsula is the largest repository of gold in China based on the production in history. It covers less than 0.2% of China’s territory, but production of gold accounts for about one fourth of the whole country. Thus, the Jiaodong Peninsula is a typical area or case of large-scale metallogenesis and a large clusters of mineral deposits in China. It is characterized by the large clusters of gold deposits in large scale, high reserve and short mineralizing stage. In this study, we suggest that the eastern boundary of the large clusters of gold deposits is as same as that of North China Block, the gold deposits are hosted by Archean metamorphic rocks or Mesozoic granites, and the age of gold mineralization is 121.6 to 122.7 Ma. Gold and related ore-forming materials are derived from multisources, i.e. Archean metamorphic rocks, granites and intermediate-mafic dikes, especially, intermediate-mafic dikes and calc-alkaline granites. The metallogenic geodynamic process is constrained by the tectonic evolution of eastern North China Block during Late Mesozoic, and it is the result of the interaction between mantle and crust as the boundary plates are playing role on the block. 相似文献
20.
Known mineral occurrences in northern Vancouver Island are typically hosted in volcanic units of the Bonanza Group. At a local scale, the mineralization is associated with advanced argillic bedrock alteration and is often intimately related to porphyry intrusions. On a larger scale, faults are thought to exert the most significant control on the distribution of mineralized host rocks. Poor exposures and a complex glacial history limit the use of traditional methods of geological mapping and mineral exploration in this region and to date geophysical methods have been under-utilized. Here we present findings from four standard geophysical (gravity, magnetics, electromagnetics and seismic refraction) methods, recently deployed here to elucidate the subsurface geology, as well as to identify new targets for base metal exploration. Results at two different sites show that the integrated interpretation of geophysical data, constrained by physical rock property measurements, yields detailed images of the subsurface at a fraction of the cost of drilling. At one site, east of Rupert Inlet, the final subsurface model shows that the Bonanza Group is not nearly as extensive as previously presumed. An extension of the Holberg Fault is identified some 50 km east of the visibly mapped outcrop and an extensive zone of alteration around the fault is recognized. Furthermore, a number of the methods provide support for the existence of a porphyry dike at this site. At the second site, north of Rupert Inlet, magnetic and electromagnetic data prove effective at mapping alteration and locating shear zones beneath a relatively thin drift cover. Together, these results help outline a strategy for exploration in drift-covered terrains and show that a redirection of exploration effort is warranted in the case of northern Vancouver Island. 相似文献