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1.
海洋湍流混合过程对大洋热盐环流具有重要调控作用,因此海洋湍流混合特征量如湍动能耗散率等物理量的定量刻画,主要通过现场湍流观测来实现。为满足长期连续海洋湍流混合观测资料的迫切需求及打破国外的技术封锁,自行研制了基于水下滑翔机的湍流观测仪。为了测试滑翔机在小尺度湍流观测方面的可行性,将一个携带有剪切探头的湍流仪安装在滑翔机本体上,并在千岛湖进行了一系列的实验。滑翔机平台的主要噪声来源于浮力调节机构中的油泵,油泵会在接近剖面的底端时开启。三轴加速度谱在30 Hz左右有明显的谱峰,说明滑翔机油泵的振动频率应该是在30 Hz左右,在其他频率点上振动较小。由剖面下潜过程(开泵)的波数谱可知,开泵时虽然对湍流观测有影响,但是振动频率在波数空间中处于无效观测谱一侧,由此说明平台的振动对剪切信号影响很小。剪切探头测得的耗散率在10-7 W/kg量级上,且都与Nasymth理论谱吻合良好,验证了滑翔机在小尺度湍流观测方面的可行性。 相似文献
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针对深海采矿实际需求,提出将集矿车上的液压站与集矿车分离,设计成相对独立、悬浮于集矿车前部上方的浮游体。设计了多金属结核概念车浮游体(以下简称浮游体)外形,并利用三维设计软件SolidWorks建立了其三维几何模型。在此基础上,对几何模型进行简化处理,建立了浮游体流体动力学计算模型。利用流体动力学仿真分析软件ANSYS CFX,采用雷诺时均算法(RANS算法)和两方程的k-ε湍流模型,得到了不同工况的阻力数据。采用Matlab曲线拟合功能,研究了浮游体阻力特性,验证了外形设计方案的可行性。 相似文献
3.
继第部分之后研究了惯性内波和近惯性内波由f～的作用所致的剪切不稳定引起的破碎机制。物理上,该机制很象存在由风应力所致薄表面涡旋漂流层时表面波的破碎与饱和过程。惯性内波和近惯性内波的破碎产物与小尺度湍流一起形成了混合块,它与Gregg等人(1986)的持久混合观测结果一致。依据Thorpe(1973)实验的结果作者提出了一个估计湍流动能耗散率和消衰时间的方法。结果表明,在剪切不稳定中近惯性内波在湍动耗散中起了关键作用,而惯性内波引起非常弱的湍动耗散。使用内波能量谱的标准总能量密度估计出的近惯性内波的耗散率和消衰时间与PATCHEX测量结果非常一致。文中还讨论了几个与此破碎机制有关的问题。 相似文献
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由于湍流混合直接观测技术难度大、成本高,很大程度限制湍流混合的研究,所以基于温、盐、流资料估算海洋湍流混合的方法应运而生。本文应用在吕宋海峡观测到的23个自由下降微结构湍流剖面仪观测数据和水文观测数据,首次对目前常用的Gregg-Henyey-Polzin(GHP)细尺度参数化、Mackinnon and Gregg(MG)参数化和Thorpe尺度方法进行比较研究,评估它们的适用性。发现GHP参数化方法能够很好地估算吕宋海峡的湍流混合。虽然GHP参数化方法估算的耗散率总体上要偏弱于观测的结果,但估算和观测的差异在2倍以内的结果占71%,与微结构湍流剖面仪观测到的耗散率在水平分布和垂向分布上呈现出相同的分布特征。基于MG参数化方法发现估算的吕宋海峡西侧1200m以浅的耗散率比观测值大,但总体上呈现出相同的分布特征。另外,MG参数化估算与观测差异在2倍以内的结果占58%。表明相比于GHP参数化方法,MG参数化方法的估算值更偏离观测值。Thorpe尺度方法在估算吕宋海峡的耗散率时,估算和观测的差异在2倍以内的结果仅有30%,70%的估算结果与观测结果相差高出1个量级,空间分布上与观测结果差异较大。对比吕宋海峡湍流混合参数化方法的结果表明GHP参数化方法最优,MG参数化方法其次,Thorpe尺度方法相对GHP和MG参数化方法较差。 相似文献
6.
表层海水盐度是海洋水文观测中十分重要的观测项目之一,对其连续观测数据进行统计分析,可获得本海域表层海水盐度状况及变化规律,对海上防灾减灾,促进海洋经济发展有着重要的意义。因此能否获取可靠的观测数据就非常重要。文章介绍一种浮标式的温盐传感器载体装置,由防缠绕固定模块、浮体配重模块和防护过滤模块3部分组成,既能防海水污损,又能减少物理（缠绕、振动、碰撞）因素的影响,大大提高了温盐传感器的使用寿命及观测数据的连续性和可靠性,并且维护方便,非常适合海洋站使用。 相似文献
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Turbulence and mixing are ubiquitous in the environment of planktonic organisms and critical in large-scale physical and chemical oceanographic budgets. Recent studies have shown conflicting results on the contribution of zooplankton to ocean mixing as well as the impact of turbulence on zooplankton feeding and swimming behavior. Some of the confusion arises from the lack of properly resolved, simultaneous and co-located observations of zooplankton and turbulence. This paper introduces and discusses results from preliminary deployments of a Video Plankton Recorder–Vertical Microstructure Profiler (VPR–VMP), which is shown to provide good quality, high-resolution, simultaneous observations of zooplankton and turbulence. Non-turbulent shear spectra associated with a zooplankton layer are discussed in terms of automating the rejection of unreliable dissipation estimates, the shear created by individual organisms and profiler avoidance. Comparing these fine-scale observations of zooplankton and turbulence with bulk measures and possible future improvements are also discussed. 相似文献
9.
Observations of turbulence, stratification, and mean current were made using a microstructure profiler and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) during four cruises at a central location in the Ariake Sea, under weakly and strongly stratified conditions. Continuous measurements of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), ε, were made. These revealed that frictional bed turbulence with quarterdiurnal variation in the bottom boundary layer (BBL) was one of the most energetic sources of vertical mixing in the sea. Thickness of the BBL was strongly confined by the stable stratification. We investigate a relationship between the BBL height h and the Ozmidov scale. We present a systematic argument that describes the vertical structure and characteristic scales of velocity and turbulence inside the frictional BBL, where the stratification persisted. Considerable deviation of observed vertical shear from the law of the wall indicated a modification of turbulent scales by the stratification. Shear stress calculated from the velocity data using vertical integration of the equation of motion was found to decrease approximately linearly with height. The TKE production rate P, estimated using the shear stress, was highly correlated with the dissipation rate. The buoyancy contribution to TKE balance in the BBL was quantified in terms of the flux Richardson number R f as R f?=?0.12. 相似文献
10.
以不同刚度硅胶圆杆群为概化植物模型,测定其抗弯弹性模量,通过波浪水槽实验,研究规则波在不同刚度植物杆群内的流速分布、紊动特征及不同刚度杆群的消浪效果。实验结果表明,当波浪通过柔性杆群时,受其摆动的影响,流速周期变化从单峰型逐渐转变成双峰型,杆群刚度越小形成的二次波峰越明显;不同刚度杆群内水体紊动强度变化显示,杆群刚度越大,造成杆群内水体的紊动强度越大;随着杆群抗弯弹性模量的增大,其消浪系数也增大,消浪系数的增长与材料的抗弯弹性模量值非线性关系,而是在某一弹性模量范围内,对消浪系数的影响较为敏感。 相似文献
11.
Experimental Study on the Bed Shear Stress Under Breaking Waves 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The object of present study is to investigate the bed shear stress on a slope under regular breaking waves by a novel instrument named Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) flexible hot-film shear stress sensor. The sensors were calibrated before application, and then a wave flume experiment was conducted to study the bed shear stress for the case of regular waves spilling and plunging on a 1:15 smooth PVC slope. The experiment shows that the sensor is feasible for the measurement of the bed shear stress under breaking waves. For regular incident waves, the bed shear stress is mainly periodic in both outside and inside the breaking point. The fluctuations of the bed shear stress increase significantly after waves breaking due to the turbulence and vortexes generated by breaking waves. For plunging breaker, the extreme value of the mean maximum bed shear stress appears after the plunging point, and the more violent the wave breaks, the more dramatic increase of the maximum bed shear stress will occur. For spilling breaker, the increase of the maximum bed shear stress along the slope is gradual compared with the plunging breaker. At last, an empirical equation about the relationship between the maximum bed shear stress and the surf similarity parameter is given, which can be used to estimate the maximum bed shear stress under breaking waves in practice. 相似文献
12.
对于海上浮式风机而言,由于受到剪切风、塔影效应、浮式基础运动等因素的共同影响,其气动载荷会更加复杂,因此如何准确快速地对海上风力机的气动性能进行预估显得尤为重要。基于速度势的非定常面元法理论,研究海上浮式风机气动载荷特性,编制了相关的计算程序。以NREL 5 MW风机为例,建立了叶片和尾流的三维数值模型,计算得到了不同风速下风机的输出功率以及叶片表面的压力分布,对比数据结果分析了该方法的可靠性。针对非定常流动,模拟了剪切风和塔影效应的作用,并重点分析了浮式基础运动对风机气动载荷的影响。研究表明,浮式基础的纵荡和纵摇会增加输出功率的波动幅值,艏摇运动会导致单个叶片上的气动载荷产生较大的波动,为浮式风机叶片控制提供了参考。 相似文献
13.
A method is presented of estimating the responses of axisymmetric bodies floating in spread irregular seas, using a Laplace transfer-function formulation of a floating body time-domain model. A general-case spread-wave model is formulated, using separate wave excitation transfer functions, and a simplification of this approach is proposed, reducing both model complexity and computation time. Responses are computed using both approaches and a comparison made to assess the circumstances in which the simplified approach may be used effectively. The results are also interpreted to highlight the implications of using an equivalent unidirectional wave as an approximation to a spread wave. 相似文献
14.
为了分析海洋水体垂向水流紊动及紊动交换情况而采用了一维的海洋边界层模型(Mellor-Yamada)并利用数值实验的方法对悬沙、盐度、温度等数据进行分析。原模型未将悬沙考虑在内，本文试将它引入进去探讨由于它的存在对紊动混合特性的影响。2000年4月，Mellor将最初的模型引入了依赖于Richardson数的紊动动能耗散率。本文通过比较具有悬沙和不具有悬沙两种情况下的速度、温度和盐度垂向分布随时间的变化，分析讨论由于悬沙的存在所引发的密度层化对紊动混合作用的影响，并发现悬浮泥沙抑制了部分模拟时间的紊动混合作用。 相似文献
15.
S. A. Ermakov I. A. Kapustin O. V. Shomina 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2014,50(2):204-212
Investigation of damping of gravity-capillary waves (GCWs) in the presence of turbulence is a classical hydrodynamic problem which has important geophysical applications, one of which is related with the problem of forming a radar and optical image of a ship wake on wavy water surface. In this work a new method for the laboratory study of surface wave damping in turbulized liquid is described and the results are presented. The damping of standing GCWs by turbulence on the water surface in a tank mounted on a vibration table is studied. GCWs and turbulence are excited using a two-frequency mode of vibration table oscillations. A high-frequency small amplitude signal is used for parametric GCW excitation; a low-frequency large amplitude signal is used for generating turbulence due to water flowing through a fixed perforated grid submerged into the tank. The coefficient of GCW damping is determined by measured threshold of parametric excitation of the waves; turbulence characteristics are determined by the PIV and PTV techniques. Dependences of GCW damping coefficients on their frequency at different turbulence intensities are obtained, estimates for turbulent viscosity are presented, and a comparison with empirical models proposed earlier is performed. 相似文献
16.
Sei-ichi Kanari 《Journal of Oceanography》1991,47(1):17-25
This paper describes a free-fall micro-scale profiler (MSP) which can measure vertical profiles of microscale velocity shear,
temperature gradient, and conductivity gradient of both fine and microscale ranges, together with the vertical profiles of
temperature and conductivity. The measurable vertical scales of the microscale shear range from about 50 cm to 2 cm.
The MSP was designed to perform profiling to depths of 500 m with a nominal fall speed of about 70 cm sec−1. Retrieval of the instrument is accomplished by a 700 m Kevlar string of 1.5 mm in diameter wound on a portable winch, after
ballast has been released at a present depth by a mechanical rupture disk.
The results of sea trials show that the microscale shear spectrum nearly corresponds with the theoretical one derived on the
assumption of homogeneous turbulence. 相似文献
17.
Based on the dynamic theories of water waves and Mindlin plates,the analytic solution of interaction between surface waves and two-dimensional floating elastic plates with edge-restraint is constructed by use of the Wiener-Hopf technique.Firstly,without regard for elastic edge restraint,the wave-induced responses of elastic floating plate analyzed by the present method are in good agreement with the results from literature and experimental results.Therefore,it can be shown that the present method is valid.Secondly,three end-restraint cases(i.e.,the left-end elastic restraints,the both-end elastic restraints,and the right-end elastic restraints)are proposed to reduce the vibration of floating plates,in which the spring is used to connect the sea bottom and the floating plate's left(or right)edge.The relations between the spring stiffness and the parameters of wave-induced responses of floating plates are discussed.Moreover,the effective method to reduce the vibration of floating elastic plates can be obtained through comparison. 相似文献
18.
Past studies have shown that there is a wave-enhanced, near-surface mixed-layer in which the dissipation rate is greater than
that derived from the “law of the wall”. In this study, turbulence in water columns under wind breaking waves is investigated
numerically and analytically. Improved estimations of dissipation rate are parameterized as surface source of turbulent kinetic
energy (TKE) for a more accurate modelling of vertical profile of velocity and TKE in the water column. The simulation results
have been compared with the experimental results obtained by Cheung and Street (1988) and Kitaigorodskii et al. (1983), with good agreement. The results show that the numerical full model can well simulate the near-surface wave-enhanced
layer and suggest that the vertical diffusive coefficients are highly empirical and related to the TKE diffusion, the shear
production and the dissipation. Analytical solutions of TKE are also derived for near surface layer and in deep water respectively.
Near the surface layer, the dissipation rate is assumed to be balanced by the TKE diffusion to obtain the analytical solution;
however, the balance between the dissipation and the shear production is applied at the deep layer. The analytical results
in various layers are compared with that of the full numerical model, which confirms that the wave-enhanced layer near the
surface is a diffusion-dominated region. The influence of the wave energy factor is also examined, which increases the surface
TKE flux with the wave development. Under this region, the water behavior transits to satisfy the classic law of the wall.
Below the transition depth, the shear production dominantly balances the dissipation.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
LADCP观测和资料后处理的关键技术 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
针对LADCP这一崭新而又特殊的海流观测技术，系统地介绍了LADCP／CTD捆绑式测量、罗盘标定、测量设置和附加信息获取等LADCP观测中的主要技术问题。在对LADCP瓦迭式资料特点进行研究的基础上，阐释了LADCP资料后处理的关键技术：首先进行LADCP资料初处理和声速剖面校正，利用同ping剖面内相邻两水层的LADCP测量值之差等于两水层的真实速度之差这一特性，把LADCP的所有测量值转化为垂向切变流速，求出水柱内各水层的垂向切变率，对其按照一定的积分顺序进行深度积分，得到水柱内各水层相对于参考层的相对速度，利用底跟踪信息可以较直接地求出参考层的速度，也可以根据测量过程中LADCP和测船相对位置在入水时和出水时保持不变这一基本成立的假定通过GPS信息求出参考层的速度，从而得到整个水柱内各水层的绝对流速。为了提高处理结果的准确度，在资料后处理的每一处理步骤中都要特别注意相应的数据质量控制。 相似文献
20.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2003,50(3):371-395
Dissipation rate statistics in the near-surface layer of the ocean were obtained during the month-long COARE Enhanced Monitoring cruise with a microstructure sensor system mounted on the bow of the research vessel. The vibration contamination was cancelled with the Wiener filter. The experimental technique provides an effective separation between surface waves and turbulence, using the difference in spatial scales of the energy-containing surface waves and small-scale turbulence. The data are interpreted in the coordinate system fixed to the ocean surface. Under moderate and high wind-speed conditions, we observed the average dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy in the upper few meters of the ocean to be 3–20 times larger than the logarithmic layer prediction. The Craig and Banner (J. Phys. Oceanogr. 24 (1994) 2546) model of wave-enhanced turbulence with the surface roughness length from the water side z0 parameterized according to the Terray et al. (J. Phys. Oceanogr. 26 (1996) 792) formula z0=cHs provides a reasonable fit to the experimental dissipation profile, where z is the depth (defined here as the distance to the ocean surface), c≈0.6, and Hs is the significant wave height. In the wave-stirred layer, however, the average dissipation profile deviates from the model (supposedly because of extensive removing of the bubble-disturbed areas close to the ocean surface). Though the scatter of individual experimental dissipation rates (10-min averages) is significant, their statistics are consistent with the Kolmogorov's concept of intermittent turbulence and with previous studies of turbulence in the upper ocean mixed layer. 相似文献