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1.
复共线性关系对逐步回归预报方程的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对气象预报中常用的逐步回归预报建模方法,由于没有直接考虑筛选出的预报因子之间可能存在复共线性关系会影响气象预报方程的预报性能问题,提出了在初选的大量气象预报因子(自变量)中,采用条件数计算分析方法,选择复共线性关系小的预报因子组合建立预报模型的方法.以重要气象灾害的预报难点--台风预报为例,用大样本分别建立了12个台风移动经度、纬度的条件数预报方程和逐步回归预报方程.对比分析结果表明,由于条件数计算分析有效控制了预报因子间的复共线性关系,因此,在相同的预报因子(自变量)和预报对象(因变量)条件下,分月建立的条件数台风移动路径预报方程,虽然历史建模样本的拟合精度略低于逐步回归预报方程,但是对独立样本的预报精度明显提高,其中7、8和9月条件数预报方程的预报误差平均为153.9 km,而相应的逐步回归预报误差平均为229.2 km,两者相差75.3 km.进一步研究发现,在F值分别取1.0、2.0和3.0的情况下,建立的台风移动路径的逐步回归预报方程,其预报误差也明显大于条件数预报方程.另外,由于预报因子组合的复共线性的影响,逐步回归方程还出现了在个别点预报误差极大的不合理情况. 相似文献
2.
夏季南海台风移动路径的一种客观预报方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以1960—2003年共44a夏季的7月、8月、9月西行进入南海海域的台风样本为基础,综合考虑南海台风移动路径的气候持续因子和数值预报产品物理量因子,运用条件数方法选取因子并建立回归方程,进行台风路径预报模型的预报建模研究。通过对比分析发现,基于条件数方法的南海台风移动路径模型具有较好的预报效果,7月、8月、9月3个月24h台风路径预报的平均距离误差为153．9km,预报能力明显高于目前国内外的其他一些台风路径客观预报方法。该方法的预报精度相对于逐步回归方法有了很大的提高,相对于气候持续法也为正的预报技巧水平。 相似文献
3.
After the consideration of the nonlinear nature changes of monsoon index,and the subjective determination of network structure in traditional artificial neural network prediction modeling,monthly and seasonal monsoon intensity index prediction is studied in this paper by using nonlinear genetic neural network ensemble prediction（GNNEP）modeling.It differs from traditional prediction modeling in the following aspects： （1）Input factors of the GNNEP model of monsoon index were selected from a large quantity of preceding period high correlation factors,such as monthly sea temperature fields,monthly 500-hPa air temperature fields,monthly 200-hPa geopotential height fields,etc.,and they were also highly information-condensed and system dimensionality-reduced by using the empirical orthogonal function（EOF）method,which effectively condensed the useful information of predictors and therefore controlled the size of network structure of the GNNEP model.（2）In the input design of the GNNEP model,a mean generating function（MGF）series of predictand（monsoon index）was added as an input factor;the contrast analysis of results of predic- tion experiments by a physical variable predictor-predictand MGF GNNEP model and a physical variable predictor GNNEP model shows that the incorporation of the periodical variation of predictand（monsoon index）is very effective in improving the prediction of monsoon index.（3）Different from the traditional neural network modeling,the GNNEP modeling is able to objectively determine the network structure of the GNNNEP model,and the model constructed has a better generalization capability.In the case of identical predictors,prediction modeling samples,and independent prediction samples,the prediction accuracy of our GNNEP model combined with the system dimensionality reduction technique of predictors is clearly higher than that of the traditional stepwise regression model using the traditional treatment technique of predictors,suggesting that the GNNEP model opens up a vast range of possibilities for operational weather prediction. 相似文献
4.
基于主成分分析的人工智能台风路径预报模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用主成分分析可以从具有随机噪声干扰的气象场提取主要信号特征,排除随机干扰的能力,论文以1980～2010年共31年6～9月西行进入南海海域的台风样本为基础,综合考虑台风移动路径的气候持续因子和数值预报产品动力预报因子,采用主成分分析的特征提取与逐步回归计算相结合的预报因子信息数据挖掘技术,以进化计算的遗传算法,生成期望输出相同的多个神经网络个体,建立了一种新的非线性人工智能集合预报模型,进行了分月台风路径预报模型的预报建模研究。在预报建模样本、独立预报样本相同的情况下,分别采用人工智能集合预报方法和气候持续法进行了预报试验,试验对比结果表明,前者较后者在6、7、8和9月份台风路径预报中,平均绝对误差分别下降了7.4%、4.8%、12.4%、17.0%。另外,论文进一步在初选预报因子和样本个例相同的情况下,通过比较新模型与直接采用主成分分析方法选因子并分别运用逐步回归和遗传—神经网络集合预报模型进行计算的预报精度差异表明,前者具有更高的预报精度,其原因是该方法挖掘利用了全部备选预报因子的有用预报信息,而且遗传—神经网络集合预报模型的是由多个神经网络个体预报结果合成,集合模型的各个神经网络个体的网络结构,是通过遗传算法的优化计算确定的,因此,该集合预报模型的泛化能力显著提高,在实际天气预报中具有较好的实用性和推广价值。 相似文献
5.
针对动力气候模式对区域或更小空间尺度内的日降水预测技巧偏低的问题,应用最优子集回归 (OSR) 方法对国家气候中心业务化的月动力气候模式 (DERF) 输出的高度场、风场和海平面气压场进行降尺度处理用于降水预测,旨在提高预测准确率。1982—2006年交叉检验结果表明:OSR方法能显著提高降水预测技巧,其中11~40 d改善效果最为显著。在此基础上,应用一步法和两步法两种统计降尺度方法预测极端降水日数,交叉检验结果表明:两种方法均优于随机预测,冬季两步法预测技巧略高于一步法,夏季一步法略优于两步法。综合认为OSR,OSR结合随机天气发生器 (WG) 两种统计降尺度方法对月尺度降水或极端降水日数的预测均具有较高的技巧,可作为短期气候预测的重要参考信息。 相似文献
6.
以1960-2007年共48年6月份西行进入南海海域的热带气旋样本为基础, 将热带气旋中心附近最大风速作为台风强度, 以气候持续预报因子作为模型输入, 采用模糊神经网络方法, 进行了热带气旋强度预报模型的预报建模研究。结果表明, 对175个独立预报样本模糊神经网络方法的南海热带气旋强度24 h的预报平均绝对误差为3 m·s-1。另外, 根据相同的热带气旋样本及预报因子, 还进一步将该预报方法与国内外普遍采用的气候持续法热带气旋强度预报方法进行对比分析, 结果表明, 气候持续预报方法的预报误差明显偏大, 独立样本强度预报平均绝对误差为4.54 m·s-1。 相似文献
7.
Goutami Chattopadhyay Surajit Chattopadhyay Parthasarathi Chakraborthy 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,109(1-2):221-231
The present study deals with daily total ozone concentration time series over four metro cities of India namely Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, and New Delhi in the multivariate environment. Using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure, it is established that the data set under consideration are suitable for principal component analysis. Subsequently, by introducing rotated component matrix for the principal components, the predictors suitable for generating artificial neural network (ANN) for daily total ozone prediction are identified. The multicollinearity is removed in this way. Models of ANN in the form of multilayer perceptron trained through backpropagation learning are generated for all of the study zones, and the model outcomes are assessed statistically. Measuring various statistics like Pearson correlation coefficients, Willmott’s indices, percentage errors of prediction, and mean absolute errors, it is observed that for Mumbai and Kolkata the proposed ANN model generates very good predictions. The results are supported by the linearly distributed coordinates in the scatterplots. 相似文献
8.
Improving multi-model ensemble probabilistic prediction of Yangtze River valley summer rainfall 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Seasonal prediction of summer rainfall over the Yangtze River valley(YRV) is valuable for agricultural and industrial production and freshwater resource management in China, but remains a major challenge. Earlier multi-model ensemble(MME) prediction schemes for summer rainfall over China focus on single-value prediction, which cannot provide the necessary uncertainty information, while commonly-used ensemble schemes for probability density function(PDF) prediction are not adapted to YRV summer rainfall prediction. In the present study, an MME PDF prediction scheme is proposed based on the ENSEMBLES hindcasts. It is similar to the earlier Bayesian ensemble prediction scheme, but with optimization of ensemble members and a revision of the variance modeling of the likelihood function. The optimized ensemble members are regressed YRV summer rainfall with factors selected from model outputs of synchronous 500-h Pa geopotential height as predictors. The revised variance modeling of the likelihood function is a simple linear regression with ensemble spread as the predictor. The cross-validation skill of 1960–2002 YRV summer rainfall prediction shows that the new scheme produces a skillful PDF prediction, and is much better-calibrated, sharper, and more accurate than the earlier Bayesian ensemble and raw ensemble. 相似文献
9.
中国冬季气温的集合典型相关分析和预报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以欧亚大陆地面温度、北半球500 hPa高度、热带印度洋SST(sea surface temperature)以及北太平洋SST为预报因子,通过典型相关分析(canonical correlation analysis,简称CCA)建立预报关系,然后用集合典型相关分析预报(ensemble canonical correlation prediction,简称ECC)方法预报中国冬季气温,并分析预报技巧及进行独立样本检验.结果表明,不同的预报因子对各个地区有不同的预报技巧,以欧亚大陆地面温度为预报因子预报技巧较高,而ECC模式对中国冬季气温有更好的预报能力,预报技巧高于任何一个单因子场的CCA预报;采用回归法的集合平均比简单的等权集合平均预报技巧更稳定. 相似文献
10.
GM(1,1)模型是灰色系统理论的核心预测模型,对GM(1,1)模型的建模条件进行研究是提高模拟精度的基础.采用理论证明和数值算例相结合的方法对GM(1,1)模型的建模条件进行研究,拓展了经典灰色预测模型的级比判定条件.结果表明:当原始序列的累加序列值都相等时,发展系数不存在;提高原始序列光滑度不是提高模拟精度的充分条件. 相似文献
11.
In terms of the modular fuzzy neural network (MFNN) combining fuzzy c-mean (FCM) cluster and single-layer neural network, a short-term climate prediction model is developed. It is found from modeling results that the MFNN model for short-term climate prediction has advantages of simple structure, no hidden layer and stable network parameters because of the assembling of sound functions of the selfadaptive learning, association and fuzzy information processing of fuzzy mathematics and neural network methods. The case computational results of Guangxi flood season (JJA) rainfall show that the mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative error (MRE) of the prediction during 1998 2002 are 68.8 mm and 9.78%, and in comparison with the regression method, under the conditions of the same predictors and period they are 97.8 mm and 12.28% respectively. Furthermore, it is also found from the stability analysis of the modular model that the change of the prediction results of independent samples with training times in the stably convergent interval of the model is less than 1.3 mm. The obvious oscillation phenomenon of prediction results with training times, such as in the common back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model, does not occur, indicating a better practical application potential of the MFNN model. 相似文献
12.
最优多因子动态配置的东北汛期降水相似动力预报试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于中国气象局国家气候中心季节预报业务模式27a(1983—2009年)预报结果和同期美国气候预报中心组合降水分析(CMAP)资料及国家气候中心气候系统诊断预报室74项环流指数和NOAA40个气候指数(1951—2009年),提出了客观定量化的最优多因子动态配置汛期降水相似-动力预测新技术,并对中国东北地区汛期降水进行了预报试验。利用历史资料有用信息估算模式预报误差原理,选取4个历史相似年对应模式误差来估算当前模式预报误差。通过单因子交叉检验距平相关系数确定主导因子及演化相似因子,结合当前及前期优化多因子组合配置确定预报因子集,最后利用历史相似年对应模式误差来估算当前模式预报误差并订正国家气候中心季节预报业务模式的预报结果,得到预报的汛期降水。对2005—2009年进行独立样本检验的结果表明,此技术对中国东北地区汛期降水有一定预报技巧。证实了利用历史资料估计业务模式预报误差的另类途径是可行的,显示了在业务预报应用中的潜在能力。 相似文献
13.
A prediction scheme with genetic neural network and Isomap algorithm for tropical cyclone intensity change over western North Pacific 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A western North Pacific tropical cyclone (TC) intensity prediction scheme has been developed based on climatology and persistence (CLIPER) factors as potential predictors and using genetic neural network (GNN) model. TC samples during June–October spanning 2001–2010 are used for model development. The GNN model input is constructed from potential predictors by employing both a stepwise regression method and an Isometric Mapping (Isomap) algorithm. The Isomap algorithm is capable of finding meaningful low-dimensional architectures hidden in their nonlinear high-dimensional data space and separating the underlying factors. In this scheme, the new developed model, which is termed the GNN-Isomap model, is used for monthly TC intensity prediction at 24- and 48-h lead times. Using identical modeling samples and independent samples, predictions of the GNN-Isomap model are compared with the widely used CLIPER method. By adopting different numbers of nearest neighbors, results of sensitivity experiments show that the mean absolute prediction errors of the independent samples using GNN-Isomap model at 24- and 48-h forecasts are smaller than those using CLIPER method. Positive skills are obtained as compared to the CLIPER method with being above 12 % at 24 h and above 14 % at 48 h. Analyses of the new scheme suggest that the useful linear and nonlinear prediction information of the full pool of potential predictors is excavated in terms of the stepwise regression method and the Isomap algorithm. Moreover, the GNN is built by integrating multiple individual neural networks with the same expected output and network architecture is optimized by an evolutionary genetic algorithm, so the generalization capacity of the GNN-Isomap model is significantly enhanced, indicating a potentially better operational weather prediction. 相似文献
14.
Analogue-dynamical prediction of monsoon precipitation in Northeast China based on dynamic and optimal configuration of multiple predictors 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on the National Climate Center (NCC) of China operational seasonal prediction model results for the period 1983–2009
and the US National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center merged analysis of precipitation in the same period, together
with the 74 circulation indices of NCC Climate System Diagnostic Division and 40 climate indices of NOAA of US during 1951–2009,
an analogue-dynamical technique for objective and quantitative prediction of monsoon precipitation in Northeast China is proposed
and implemented. Useful information is extracted from the historical data to estimate the model forecast errors. Dominant
predictors and the predictors that exhibit evolving analogues are identified through cross validating the anomaly correlation
coefficients (ACC) among single predictors, meanwhile with reference of the results from the dynamic analogue bias correction
using four analogue samples. Next, an optimal configuration of multiple predictors is set up and compared with historical
optimal multi-predictor configurations and then dynamically adjusted. Finally, the model errors are evaluated and utilized
to correct the NCC operational seasonal prediction model results, and the forecast of monsoon precipitation is obtained at
last. The independent sample validation shows that this technique has effectively improved the monsoon precipitation prediction
skill during 2005–2009. This study demonstrates that the analogue-dynamical approach is feasible in operational prediction
of monsoon precipitation. 相似文献
15.
基于土壤湿度和年际增量方法的中国夏季气温预测试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文利用中国160站月平均气温资料和欧洲中心ERA-Interim逐月再分析表层土壤湿度资料,通过相关分析选取欧亚大陆9个关键区的土壤湿度年际增量作为预测因子,采用变形的典型相关分析(BP-CCA)结合集合典型相关分析(ECC)的方法建立集合预测模型,对我国东部夏季气温年际增量进行预测,进而预测夏季气温。其中,1980—2004年的资料用于历史拟合试验,而2005—2014年的资料用于独立样本预测试验。首先利用BP-CCA方法对9个因子分别建立单因子预测模型,然后采用ECC方法对9个预测因子按照不同的组合方式建立集合预测模型,并且分析预测技巧。结果表明,不同预测因子的组合对我国夏季气温的预测能力不同:勒拿河下游地区、中国黄河以南地区、叶尼塞河下游地区、西西伯利亚平原地区以及印度半岛西北部地区的土壤湿度对华北夏季气温预测效果较好;中国黄河以南地区、叶尼塞河下游地区、印度半岛西北部地区、贝加尔湖东北地区以及贝加尔湖以西地区的土壤湿度对江淮夏季气温有较高预测技巧。所建立的两组集合预测模型均显示了较好的实际预测能力:华北气温预测模型预测气温距平的同号率为8/10,平均均方根误差为3.4%;江淮气温预测模型预测气温距平的同号率为7/10,平均均方根误差为2.7%。并且两组模型预测出的华北和江淮气温的预测评分(PS)均超过80分,而国际上通用的距平相关系数(ACC)均在0.3以上。这说明土壤湿度因子中包含对我国夏季气温有用的预测信号,可以考虑将土壤湿度应用于夏季气温预测业务中。 相似文献
16.
17.
陆面热力因子应用于中国夏季降水预测的初步试验 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
基于对中国东部夏季降水与欧亚大陆土壤温度和全球海表温度的相关分析,选取不同关键区的土壤温度和海表温度作为夏季降水的预测因子。利用1961-1990年的资料,分别以土壤温度作为第1组预测因子,海表温度作为第2组预测因子,综合海表温度与土壤温度因子作为第3组预测因子,使用改进的典型相关分析和集合典型相关分析法对中国东部夏季降水场进行预测,建立了相应的预测模型。然后,利用1991—2010年的资料进行了独立样本预测试验。在独立样本预测试验中,综合海表温度与土壤温度因子建立的模型比只用海表温度进行预测的各项预测评分高,说明加入土壤温度因子后预测效果有所提高。基于陆面热力因子的预测模型对夏季降水有一定的技巧,而综合海温与陆面热力因子的预测模型对中国东部夏季降水有较高的预测能力。 相似文献
18.
论最优预报因子与最优预报方程 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
本文根据预报量与预报因子关系的实际情况,提出了预报因子的四种类型,并且利用最优化方法原理选取最优的预报因子,同时还利用强迫引进重要因子的办法选取最优预报方程。从实例计算证明,最优预报因子基本上是非线性的,所以用逐步回归或逐步判别方法建立的预报方程也是非线性的,并且还证明,非线性预报方程比线性预报方程效果有明显的提高。本文最后还指出,此种非线性预报方法可推广到各个领域有关多元分析的定量和定性预报工作中去。 相似文献
19.
Development of a Downscaling Method in China Regional Summer Precipitation Prediction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A downscaling method taking into account of precipitation regionalization is developed and used in the
regional summer precipitation prediction (RSPP) in China. The downscaling is realized by utilizing the
optimal subset regression based on the hindcast data of the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Climate
Model of National Climate Center (CGCM/NCC), the historical reanalysis data, and the observations. The
data are detrended in order to remove the influence of the interannual variations on the selection of predictors
for the RSPP. Optimal predictors are selected through calculation of anomaly correlation coe±cients (ACCs)
twice to ensure that the high-skill areas of the CGCM/NCC are also those of observations, with the ACC
value reaching the 0.05 significant level. One-year out cross-validation and independent sample tests indicate
that the downscaling method is applicable in the prediction of summer precipitation anomaly across most
of China with high and stable accuracy, and is much better than the direct CGCM/NCC prediction. The
predictors used in the downscaling method for the RSPP are independent and have strong physical meanings,
thus leading to the improvements in the prediction of regional precipitation anomalies. 相似文献