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笔者由南大洋4个海洋沉积物样中,用有机试剂抽提有机质,经薄层色谱分离、气相色谱分析、色谱-质谱-数据处理系统联用仪鉴定,确定有17β(H)、21α(H)——双升莫烯,胆甾-5-烯,24-甲基胆甾烯,24-乙基胆甾烯,藿-17(21)-烯,新藿-13(18)-烯,蕨-8-烯,蕨-7-烯,17β(H)、21β(H)-藿-22(29)-烯,C27-29甾烷,β,β-C29-31藿烷,C18:2Δ9,12双烯脂肪酸,C18:1Δ9和C18:1Δ11单烯脂肪酸等有机化合物.这些有机物的有机地球化学意义为:β,α-双升莫烯、β,β-C29-31藿烷、β,β-藿烯等有机物标志着南大洋沉积物中有机质的成熟度低的特征;甾烯、甾烷的分布标志着南大洋沉积物中有机质在早期沉积作用中经受过热滤化特征;蕨烯和双烯脂肪酸等有机物可作为南大洋沉积物中的细菌的标志物,还可以作为南大洋沉积物中的还原环境标志物. 相似文献
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长城湾及其附近沉积物中甾烷和萜烷化合物 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文采用气相色谱和质谱联用技术,分析了长城湾及其附近沉积物中甾烷和萜烷化合物。C_(27)、C_(28)和C_(29)规则甾烷的丰度分布,以C_(29)甾烷的量最高,达47～52％。重排甾烷的存在表明,在成岩作用早期,在微生物的作用下,部分规则甾烷转变成重排甾烷。C_(29)降莫烷/C_(30)藿烷,C_(31)升莫烷/C_(30)藿烷,C_(31)22S/(22S+22R)和Tm/Ts等比值指出,沉积有机质处于中等成熟度,而且G9站较其他站沉积物含量高些。上述诸结果说明,生源母质来源于陆源高等植物,并混有一定量的生物物质。 相似文献
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渤海石油污染:来自表层沉积物中生物标志物的证据 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对渤海表层沉积物中饱和烃的分布、来源和分子组成特征的系统分析,探讨了沉积物中生物标志物对石油污染的指示意义。研究表明,沉积物中色谱不可分辨的混合物(UCM)和正构烷烃的分布及组成特征显示出沉积物不同程度地受到了石油烃输入和细菌微生物作用的影响,其中以渤海湾沿岸区域最为明显。渤海湾近岸区和黄河口附近沉积物中正构烷烃平均碳链长度(ACL)低于其他地区,姥鲛烷/植烷(Pr/Ph)也普遍低于1.0,表明可能受到来自于石油平台开采活动、船舶航行、河流输入的石油烃的影响。C27-18α(H)-三降藿烷(Ts)与C27-17α(H)-三降藿烷(Tm)的比值(Ts/Tm)、C31升藿烷22S/(22S+22R)和αααC29甾烷20S/(20S+20R)的比值表明该区域沉积物中有机质成熟度较高,可能受到外来石油烃输入及其衍生物的影响。通过与周边环境中生物标志物分子组成特征的对比发现,沉积物中甾烷和萜类化合物主要来源于石油及其衍生物。将饱和烃各参数进行归一化处理,得到了石油污染的综合替代性指标,并初步圈定了石油污染相对较重的区域。 相似文献
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本文对南海深海和冲绳海槽二个柱状样进行了正构烷烃、甾烷和萜烷生物标记化合物分布特征的研究。由于它们所处的沉积环境和生源母质上的差异,反映在正构烷烃的CPI值、C_(17)和C_(18)的含量、轻重烃比值、化合物构型的转化、有机质的成熟度和17α(H)-22,29,30-三降藿烷与18α(H)-22,29,30-三降新藿烷的比值等地球化学参数上的差别。冲绳海槽沉积物的多源性决定了其有机组分的特殊性,如生物来源的C_(17)和C_(18)量占有优势,有机碳含量(1.0—1.3％)高于南海样(0.3—1.0％),重排甾烷量少,生物构型的ββ藿烷已转变成地质构型的αβ藿烷和βα型莫烷化合物。 相似文献
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渤海海域辽西凸起锦州A构造原油地球化学特征及油源分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对辽西凸起锦州A构造沙河街组二段原油的地球化学分析,研究了原油的物性、成熟度和生物标志化合物特征。通过对比辽西凹陷和辽中凹陷已发现典型油气田的原油地球化学特征,结合区域地质背景分析了锦州A构造的油源。研究结果表明,锦州A构造西盘为低蜡、低硫凝析原油,而东盘为高蜡、低硫轻质原油。原油饱和烃色谱完整,显示未遭受明显生物降解。油源母质为混合型,沙河街组二段原油陆源有机质输入较少。原油形成于弱还原—还原条件下的微咸水或咸水沉积环境。根据锦州A构造原油的生物标志物特征,利用聚类分析方法划分为2类原油:Ⅰ类原油表现为高伽马蜡烷指数、低—中等四甲基甾烷指数、低藿烷/甾烷、高C_(27)/C_(29)甾烷和高C_(28)/C_(29)甾烷比值,主要来源于辽西凹陷沙一段烃源岩;Ⅱ类原油表现为低—中等伽马蜡烷指数、中等—高四甲基甾烷指数、高藿烷/甾烷、中等C_(27)/C_(29)甾烷和低C_(28)/C_(29)甾烷比值,主要来源于辽中凹陷沙三段烃源岩。 相似文献
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南黄海海底沉积物饱和烃类地球化学特征及其指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南黄海海底沉积物正构烷烃分布具有3种类型：第1类以低碳数占优势，主要来源于以浮游生物和细菌为主的有机质；第2类以高碳数占优势，主要来源于以陆源高等植物蜡供应为主的有机质；第3类显示双峰特征，陆源高等植物蜡与浮游生物和细菌均具有一定的贡献。Pr／Ph比值的范围为0．174～0．753之间，显示植烷优势，代表还原环境，其中，一些Pr／Ph比值相对较高的站位也一定程度上反映了存在陆生高等植物的贡献。藿烷和甾烷组成指示，有机质主要来源于陆地植物，沉积物来源区所处的环境为大陆、港湾及河湾及其过渡环境。一些站位样品的藿烷和甾烷等相关参数显示，南黄海海底沉积物具有较高的成熟度，明显偏离现代生物所应有的藿烷和甾烷等相关参数范围，表明有石油源有机质混入的迹象，混入的石油源烃可能来自人类活动和海底油气渗漏。 相似文献
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采用气相色谱-质谱技术对南极半岛东北海域海底表层沉积物的总有机碳、有机质碳同位素(δ13 Corg)和生物标志化合物等进行了测试分析。研究区表层沉积物总有机碳TOC平均值高于现代深海沉积物中的平均含量。δ13 Corg的变化说明该海域有机碳来源呈海洋水生生物来源和陆源混合的特征。正构烷烃的峰型分布、主峰碳、饱和烃轻重比C-21/C+22和(C21+C22)/(C28+C29)、甾烷组合和藿烷组合证实研究区西部表层沉积物有机质来源以陆源高等植物为主,其陆源可能来自于附近的南极半岛和南舍得兰群岛;研究区东部表层沉积物有机质来源偏以海源为主,且以低等浮游生物、藻类及细菌生物等海源输入为主。碳优势指数(Carbon preference index,CPI)、奇偶优势指数(Odd-even Predominance,OEP)和甾烷C29ααα20S/(20S+20R)比值显示研究区D1-7站位和D5-9沉积物有机质演化程度较高,D5-2和D2-4站位的有机质演化程度低,其他站位介于中间状态。饱和烃中姥鲛烷、植烷及其比值(Pr/Ph)等组合显示研究区西部以氧化-弱还原的沉积环境为主,其可能是受高温低盐别林斯高晋海水流和附近火山喷发的影响所致;研究区东部以还原—强还原沉积环境为主,可能是受低温高盐的威德尔底层水(WSBW)和威德尔海深层水(WSDW)影响所致。 相似文献
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以曹妃甸邻近海域为研究区,利用生物标志化合物地球化学参数分析了表层沉积物中石油烃类的主要组成和分布特征,探讨了石油烃污染物的来源。结果表明,曹妃甸邻近海域表层沉积物中正构烷烃为混源,且陆源贡献小于海洋源。地质构型藿烷、甾烷在甾萜类化合物中为优势组分,且萜甾烷参数显示了有机质成熟度较高。饱和烃的多种地球化学参数显示了该区域表层沉积物可能受到成熟度较高的石油烃输入及其后期微生物降解的影响。该研究将为曹妃甸近岸沉积物输移研究提供基础资料,进而为曹妃甸围填海工程的科学决策提供相关科学数据。 相似文献
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Organic matter in cobalt-rich crust(CRC) from the Marcus–Wake Seamounts of the western Pacific Ocean, Sample CM1D03, has been analyzed to understand the source, geochemistry and mineralization of organic matter, and the mineralization environment. Biomarkers, including n-alkanes, isoprenoids, terpanes and sterols, have been detected in various layers of the CRC sample, using gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS). The content of organic carbon(OC) and its stable isotope(δ13C), and the combined features of the biomarkers show that the mineralized organic matter in CM1D03 CRC was mainly derived from microorganisms and lower plankton(e.g., bacteria and algae, respectively) from marine surface water, with some terrestrial higher plant components. The ratio of chloroform bitumen "A": OC was high in the CRC, between 10.51 and 20.66, showing significant migration characteristics of n-alkanes. Four mineralization categories of organic matter were recognized based on GC chromatograms of n-alkane molecules:(1) primitive type(bacteria and algae), which is characterized by moderately mature of n-alkanes preserving the original characteristics of the organic matter from microorganisms and lower plankton;(2) microbial degradation type, which is characterized by low contents of n-alkanes and rising baseline in the chromatogram, with the "bulge" being the products of organic matter by biodegradation;(3) organic matter migration type, which is characterized by low carbon number of n-alkanes with n C18 as the main peak carbon, without odd even predominance, and low concentrations of isoprenoids and hydrocarbons with high carbon number; and(4) organic matter hydrothermal type, which is characterized by relatively low concentration of small molecular weight n-alkanes, pristane, and phytane, accompanied by higher concentration of n-alkanes with carbon number greater than n C18. This study shows that biomarkers can record controlling factors of mineralization and their variation. 相似文献
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T.K. Al-Ameri 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(4):880-894
This work presents new insights of the generation, quality and migration pathways of the hydrocarbons in the East Baghdad Oil Field.The Khasib and Tannuma formations in East Baghdad are considered as oil reservoirs according to their high porosity (15-23%) and permeability (20-45 mD) in carbonate rocks. The hydrocarbons are trapped by structural anticline closure trending NW-SE. Gas chromatography analysis on these oil reservoirshave shown biomarkers of abundant ranges of n-alkanes of less than C22 (C17-C21) with C19 and C18 peaks. This suggests mainly liquid oil constituents of paraffinic hydrocarbons from marine algal source of restricted palaeoenvironments in the reservoir. The low non aromatic C15 + peaks are indicative for slight degradation and water washing. Oil biomarkers of Pr./Ph. = 0.85, C31/C30 < 1.0, location in triangle of C27-C29 sterane, C28/C29 of 0.6 sterane, Oleanane of 0.01 and CPI = 1.0, indicate an anoxic marine environment with carbonate deposits of Upper Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age. Four Miospores, seven Dinoflagellates and one Tasmanite species confirm affinity to the upper most Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Chia Gara and Ratawi Formations.The recorded palynomorphs from the Khasib and Tannuma Formations are of light brown color of TAI = 2.8-3.0 and comparable to the mature palynomorphs that belong to the Chia Gara and the Lower part of Ratawi Formations.The Chia Gara Formation generated oil during Upper Cretaceous to Early Palaeogene and accumulated in structural traps of Cretaceous age, such as the Khasib and Tannuma reservoirs. The Chia Gara Formation generated and expelled high quantities of oil hydrocarbons according to their TOC wt% of 0.5-8.5 with S2 = 2.5-18.5 mg Hc/g Rock, high hydrogen index of the range 150-450 mg Hc/g Rock, good petroleum potential of 4.5-23.5 mg Hc/g Rock, mature (TAI = 2.8-3.0 and Tmax = 428-443C), kerogen type II and palynofacies parameters of up to 100% AOM (Amorphous Organic Matters). This includes algae deposits in a dysoxic-anoxic to suboxic-anoxic environment.Alternative plays are discussed according to the migration pathways. 相似文献
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Lipid biomarkers in suspended particles from a subtropical estuary: assessment of seasonal changes in sources and transport of organic matter 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Temporal and spatial variations in the composition of particulate organic matter (POM) from Florida Bay, USA were examined. The predominance of short-chain homologues for n-alkanes, n-alcohols and n-fatty acids as well as relatively high abundance of C(27) and C(28) sterols suggested that an autochthonous/marine source of OM was dominant bay-wide. Several biomarker proxies such as P(aq) [(C(23)+C(25))/(C(23)+C(25)+C(29)+C(31)) n-alkanes], short/long chain n-alkanes, (C(29)+C(31)) n-alkanes and taraxerol indicated a spatial shift in OM sources, where terrestrial OM rapidly decreased while seagrass and microbial OM markedly increased along a northeastern to southwestern transect. Regarding seasonal variations, POM collected during the dry season was enriched in terrestrial constituents relative to the wet season, likely as a result of reduced primary productivity of planktonic species and seagrasses during the dry season. Principal component analysis (PCA) classified the sample set into sub-groups based on PC1 which seemed to be spatially controlled by OM origin (terrestrial-mangrove vs. marine-planktonic/seagrass). The PC2 seemed to be more seasonally controlled suggesting that hydrological fluctuations and seasonal primary productivity are the drivers controlling the POM composition in Florida Bay. 相似文献
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The geochemical signatures of fifty-four rock samples and three supplementary drill stem test(DST) oils from the Yacheng-Sanya formations in the central Qiongdongnan Basin(CQB) were analysed. Reconstruction of the early Oligocene-early Miocene(36–16 Ma) palaeovegetation and source analyses of organic matter(OM) were conducted using aliphatic biomarkers in ancient sediments and DST oils. Both the interpreted aquatic and terrigenous OM contributed to the CQB source rocks(SRs) but had varying relat... 相似文献
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The quantitative characterization of carbon isotopes of n-alkanes is commonly carried out in organic geochemical studies. Possible controls on carbon isotopes include source organic matter, maturity, fractionation during oil expulsion and migration, and the mixing of different oils. In this study of the origin of crude oils in the western Pearl River Mouth Basin, the influences of all of these factors have been considered in reaching a conclusion. Carbon isotopes of n-alkanes in the crude oils, and the extracts of the two effective source rocks (the Wenchang and Enping formations) in the basin, exhibit clear differences. The Wenchang source rocks have heavy δ13C values that remain almost constant or become slightly heavier with increasing carbon number. The Enping source rocks have light δ13C values that become lighter with increasing carbon number. Two groups of oils in this area were identified based on the carbon isotopes of the n-alkanes; groupIoils are similar to extracts of the Wenchang source rocks. However, the groupIIoils are different from both the Wenchang and Enping source rocks and the carbon isotopic profiles of their n-alkanes exhibit a “V” feature with increasing carbon number. The results of artificial thermal maturation experiments indicate that, from the early stage to the peak stage of oil generation (with EasyRo between 0.64% and 1.02%), the δ13C values of n-alkanes in the pyrolysis oils become heavier by about 3‰ with increasing thermal maturity, but the shape of the carbon isotopic profiles are not significantly changed. Calculated δ13C values of n-alkanes in “mixed” artificial pyrolysis oils indicate that the mixture of oils generated from the same source rocks with different maturities could not change the carbon isotopic profile of the n-alkanes, however, a mixing of the Wenchang and Enping oils could give the “V” feature in the profiles, similar to the groupIIoils in this area. The groupIIoils appear to be mixed Wenchang and Enping oils, the latter being the dominant component in the mixture. We conclude that the source organic matter and the degree of mixing are the main factors controlling the carbon isotopic characteristics of n-alkanes in crude oils in the western Pearl River Mouth Basin. 相似文献
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The soluble organic matters were extracted from marine sediments in the sea area of Southern Ocean by using organic solvents. The hydrocarbon and carboxylic acid fractions were separated with the thin layer chromatography. The organic compounds of 170(H), 21α(H)- bishomomoretene, cholest - 5 - ene, 24 - methyl - cholestene, 24 - ethylcholestene, hop-17(21)-ene, neohop - 13(18)-ene, fern-8-ene, fern-7-ene, 170(H), 210 (H) - hop - 22(29)-ene (diplotene), steranes, β, β-hopanes C29 -C31 and unsaturated carboxylic acids C18:2Δ9.12 , C18:1Δ9,C18:1Δ11 , have been identi-fied in the hydrocarbon and carboxylic acid fractions by means of gas chromatography and gas chromatography - mass spec-trometry - data system. The distributions of 3, a - bishomomoretene, β,β- hopene and β,β- hopane are characteristic of immature organic matter. The sterane, C29 20S/20R epimer ratio 0. 6 indicate that the organic matter had experienced a thermal evolution in the early sedimentation. The unsaturated fatty acids espec 相似文献
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Dissolved, particulate, and plankton hydrocarbons and fatty acids have been analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in samples taken during a 16-month period at two stations located in Villefranche Bay, Mediterranean Sea. The study has been conducted in connection with regular determinations of chlorophyll a, zooplankton biomass and species of net plankton samples. The n-alkanes show a regular distribution pattern of odd and even carbon numbered compounds between n-C21 and n-C36 with additional characteristics associated with biological phenomena: abundance of n-C15 and n-C17, predominance of pristane over n-C17 in zooplankton-rich samples, predominance of even carbon numbered n-alkanes in the range C18–C20, generally associated with a mixture of higher molecular weight even carbon numbered n-alkanes, modifying the regular distribution of the n-alkanes. For the station located at the end of the bay, the correlation between particulate hydrocarbons, particulate n-alkanes and chlorophyll a contents ( 0.630) is significant — well below the 0.05 level. There is discussion of this correlation which indicates a possible direct contribution of phytoplankton to the hydrocarbons of seawater or other biochemical associations between plankton and dissolved organic matter. Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as C20 and C22 are more abundant in plankton and suspended matter than in seawater. Data relative to those components allow us to evaluate the percentage of living plankton in suspended matter. General trends indicate the existence of a relation between particulate fatty acid and zooplanktonic biomass concentrations in the bay water. 相似文献
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从385株南极海洋细菌中筛选出2株石油烃降解菌，并对其降解特性进行了初步研究。以柴油为唯一碳源进行降解实验的结果表明，南极嗜冷菌NJ276和NJ341在5℃、20d内对柴油的降解率分别达到23．47％和32．15％，在15℃、20d内降解率分别达到43．95％和62．47％，其降解能力随着培养温度的升高而显著增强；石油烃降解残油组分的GC～MS分析表明，柴油经过NJ276降解后的残油组分中能检测到C15～C21七种烷烃，柴油经过NJ341降解后的残油组分只能检测到少量C16,C17和C18三种烷烃。对它们进行16S rDNA基因序列的同源性和系统发育分析表明，菌株NJ276属于假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas），NJ341属于科尔韦尔氏属（Colwellia）。 相似文献
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南沙深海沉积物中石油降解菌的分离鉴定和多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解我国南沙海域中石油降解菌的多样性,认识其在环境自净中作用并获得用于石油污染生物修复的菌种资源,以不同链长烷烃及支链烷烃对南沙深海沉积物样品进行富集与烃降解菌的分离鉴定,并结合16S rRNA基因文库和DGGE技术对降解菌群的结构进行了分析.结果表明：通过16S rRNA基因文库构建及PCR-DGGE分析发现,不同链长烷烃富集后的菌群中,食烷菌（Alcanivorax）在各降解菌群中都是绝对优势菌;另外,除烃海杆菌（Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus）、海绵假单胞菌（Pseudomonas pachastrellae）,以及Idiomarina与Kangiella属的细菌也是菌群中较重要的优势菌.此外,通过2种平板培养基从烷烃富集的降解菌群中分离获得了8个不同属的细菌.本研究还首次发现Kangiella属（食烷菌科）的细菌可能参与了烷烃降解.南沙沉积物烷烃降解菌多为γ-Proteobacteria;其中,食烷菌科（Alcanivoraceae）（Alcanivorax与Kangiella属）的细菌在降解菌群中是绝对优势菌,假单胞菌与海杆菌在烷烃降解过程中也起着重要作用. 相似文献