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1.
近50年东北冷涡异常特征及其与前汛期华南降水的关系分析 总被引：16，自引：11，他引：16
利用中国气象局国家气象信息中心提供的1951～2004年中国160站华南前汛期 (5～6月) 月平均降水、气温资料、欧洲中心提供的ERA-40再分析资料和Reynolds海温资料, 对东北冷涡与华南前汛期降水进行了统计分析, 定义了一个前汛期东北冷涡强度指数 (NECVI), 并研究了前汛期东北冷涡异常年同期东亚季风、西太平洋副高、对流层低层的垂直运动异常特征和前期全球海表温度 (SST) 的先兆信号, 结果表明: 前汛期东北冷涡强度与华南降水存在显著的正相关, 东北冷涡强年, 前期东亚冬季风偏弱, 同期东亚夏季风异常爆发提前且偏强, 西太平洋副高位置偏南, 华南地区低层上升运动发展, 降水偏多; 东北冷涡偏弱年, 前期东亚冬季风偏弱, 同期东亚夏季风爆发推迟且偏弱, 西太平洋副高位置偏北, 华南地区低层下沉运动发展, 降水偏少; 前汛期东北冷涡与前期中国近海海温存在显著的负相关关系, 前汛期东北冷涡异常强年, 前期对应着La Nia的成熟阶段或发展阶段, 而前汛期东北冷涡异常弱年则对应着El Nio的成熟阶段或发展阶段. 相似文献
2.
利用国家气象信息中心提供的1951～2004年全国160个测站月平均降水资料和欧洲中心提供的ERA-40再分析资料,对近50多年东北地区夏季降水、东北冷涡与前期北半球环状模和海温的关系进行了统计分析,定义了一个夏季(6～8月)东北冷涡强度指数(NECVI)。结果表明:NECVI能够较好表征东北低涡的气候效应;夏季东北冷涡强度与降水存在显著的正相关,东北冷涡强年,降水偏多,前期2月北半球环状模(NAM)偏弱;东北冷涡偏弱年,降水偏少,前期2月NAM偏强。此外,夏季东北冷涡与前期的中国近海海温存在显著的负相关,前期NAM和中国近海海温的异常可以作为夏季东北冷涡异常的一个前兆信号,进而为东北地区夏季降水异常的预测提供参考依据。 相似文献
3.
2017年秋季华西秋雨的多时间尺度变化特征及成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用我国723个常规观测气象站降水资料和NCEP再分析资料等,综合大气环流的季节内 季节异常、海洋外强迫年际异常及降水的长期变化影响,分析了2017年华西秋雨异常的成因。结果表明：20世纪60年代以来,华西秋雨存在3~4、6~9、12~18 a、36 a等多个时间尺度的准周期变化,并自1990年以来呈现增加的长期变化趋势。2017年华西秋雨异常偏多是多时间尺度变率叠加影响的结果。2017年秋季,北半球极涡偏向东亚地区,贝加尔湖低槽多冷空气分裂南下,西太平洋副热带高压异常偏强偏西,华西地区处于水汽输送异常辐合大值区,出现降水异常偏多。在季节内时间尺度上,东亚夏季风的季节内撤退过程偏慢,夏季风北界位置持续偏北,9—10月主雨带维持在华西—江汉—江淮一带。自西太平洋经南海北上的水汽输送的季节内变化,并与东北冷涡的季节内活动相配合,是造成华西秋汛的季节内环流影响因子。华西秋雨年际异常与赤道中东太平洋海温呈现显著的负相关。夏末秋初开始发展的拉尼娜状态是2017年我国秋季降水异常的重要外强迫因子。2017年华西秋雨的异常偏多也与其近年来的年代—多年代际正距平位相及长期增加趋势相关联。 相似文献
4.
北半球环状模(NAM)、东北冷涡与前汛期华南旱涝 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
利用中国气象局国家气象信息中心提供的1951-2004年全国160站月平均降水资料和欧洲中心提供的ERA-40再分析资料，对近50年华南前汛期降水、东北冷涡、前期北半球环状模和海温的关系进行了统计分析，定义了一个前汛期东北冷涡强度指数（NECVI），结果表明：前汛期东北冷涡强度与华南降水存在显著的正相关，东北冷涡强年，华南降水偏多，前期2-3月份北半球环状模（NAM）偏弱；反之，东北冷涡偏弱年，华南降水偏少，前期2-3月份NAM偏强。此外，前汛期东北冷涡的强度和前期的中国近海海温存在显著的负相关，前期的NAM和中国近海海温的异常可以作为前汛期东北冷涡异常的一个前兆信号，进而为华南地区前汛期降水异常的预测提供参考依据。 相似文献
5.
近50a东北冷涡异常特征及其与淮河流域降水的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用美国国家环境预报/大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)再分析月平均数据分析了1960—2009 年夏季东北冷涡的异常特征,研究了夏季东北冷涡与同期淮河流域降水的关系,发现:东北冷涡偏强时,淮河流域的降水很可能偏多,东北冷涡偏弱时,淮河流域的降水很可能偏少。东北冷涡异常强年,淮河流域高低层环流具有斜压性,且低层有显著的正涡度发展,促进了上升对流运动活跃发展。而东北冷涡活动异常频繁,有利于引导潮湿阴冷的北方气流南下,与东亚夏季盛行的西南暖湿气流在淮河流域上空交汇,在上升运动的触发下,导致淮河流域降水明显增多;东北冷涡弱年的情况正好相反。 相似文献
6.
《高原气象》2015,(4)
利用NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料分析了1960-2009年夏季东北冷涡异常特征及其与同期淮河流域降水的关系,结果表明:当东北冷涡偏强时,淮河流域降水可能偏多;当东北冷涡偏弱时,淮河流域降水可能偏少。选取夏季东北冷涡典型异常强年(2003年)进行数值模拟,人为添加扰动热源后,高层出现东南差值气流,低层出现西北差值气流,这种环流形势不利于高层冷空气与低层西南暖湿气流在淮河流域交汇,不利于淮河流域降水的发生、发展,最终使得淮河流域降水减少。夏季东北冷涡通过热源异常影响淮河流域降水的可能机制为东北冷涡强(弱)年,东北冷涡持续性活动偏多(少),导致东北—朝鲜半岛—日本以东洋面热力状况异常冷(暖),使得35°N-50°N纬带的海陆热力差异更大(小),引起夏季风及其他环流系统异常,有(不)利于淮河流域降水发生、发展,从而导致淮河流域降水异常偏多(少)。 相似文献
7.
利用1961—2015年辽宁省西部地区18个测站月降水量资料和东北地区209个测站1961—2015年月平均气温资料、NOAA重建的月平均海表温度资料以及88项大气环流指数、26项海温指数资料定义了适用于辽西地区的夏季标准化东北冷涡强度指数(NECVI)和冷涡降水预报因子,并对东北冷涡和辽西冷涡降水进行详细分析,结果表明:近55年,辽西地区冷涡降水夏季和年贡献率整体趋势较稳定,无明显变化,表现出18年左右的显著振荡周期。东北冷涡偏强年,NECVI指数偏大,标准化降水指数(SPI)偏高,对应辽西地区降水偏多;反之,东北冷涡偏弱年,NECVI指数偏小,SPI指数偏低,对应辽西地区降水偏少。前期3月Nino 3区海表温度距平指数、5月黑潮区海温指数、3月西太平洋副高强度指数均与辽西冷涡降水显著相关,具有较好的指示意义,可作为冷涡降水的预报因子,为辽西夏季气候预测和人工影响天气工作的开展提供参考。 相似文献
8.
利用1981-2022年6-8月内蒙古119个国家气象观测站逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,分析了东北冷涡年际、年代际变化特征及东北冷涡分类对内蒙古东部降水的影响。结果表明:东北冷涡发生频次在1992年之前,较气候态显著偏多,之后呈现显著偏少,直到2003年以后有增多的趋势,近十年发生频次偏多。将东北冷涡分为10类,中涡东北移是致使东部降水偏多最异常的冷涡类型,中涡东移是次异常的冷涡类型。东亚地区呈现“北高南低”环流型,内蒙古东部位于负位势高度距平区,中心位于东部偏南地区,乌山和鄂海阻高偏强,副高偏强,内蒙古东部地区被气旋式水汽通量控制,配合低纬的越赤道气流共同作用引导的西太平洋水汽输送到东部地区,这种环流配置是致使东部降水异常偏多的主要成因。 相似文献
9.
东北冷涡降水集中期的客观识别研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于区域关键天气过程客观化识别和监测的需求及东北雨季应包括冷涡降水的事实,采用东北三省及内蒙古东四盟共147站逐日降水量资料,通过对东北区域多年平均5点平滑处理的逐日降水量序列的综合分析及对历年逐日滑动平均雨量的对比试验,确定了判别东北冷涡降水集中期开始日期的阈值及持续时间,进而研制了东北冷涡降水集中期开始日期的客观识别方法。基于该方法的客观识别,得到1981-2010年气候平均态的东北冷涡降水集中期的开始日期为每年的5月26日。同时,定义盛夏降水集中期开始日的前一日为冷涡降水集中期的结束日期,发现冷涡降水集中期的结束日期为6月25日。在此基础上,采用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析的风场、位势高度场资料,通过对东北冷涡降水集中期前、中和后期各层大气环流场及各系统的逐日变化特征的对比分析,验证了该客观识别方法的合理性。 相似文献
10.
利用1998年6～8月松嫩流域95个测站的逐日降水和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料，通过诊断分析方法，对1998年松嫩流域东北冷涡大暴雨的形成过程及其大气环流背景，暴雨过程的降水性质与水汽输送特征，大气低频振荡与持续性降水的关系，以及东北冷涡暴雨随季节变化的特征等问题进行了探讨。结果表明，1998年松嫩流域较长的冷涡雨季中所发生的多次东北冷涡暴雨过程是很有代表性的，它们是大气环流由春末夏初到盛夏过渡不同进程中的产物，因而具有不同的环流背景和降水性质，且在洪涝灾害的形成中起着不同的作用，特别是亚洲季风水汽输送以及东亚大气30～50d和10～20d低频振荡对降水的持续性和阶段性变化均有至关重要的影响。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
17.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
18.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献