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1.
天然裂缝是致密油储层重要的储集空间和主要的渗透通道,影响致密油气成藏、富集规律、单井产能及其开发效果。本文利用野外相似露头、岩心、薄片及成像测井资料,在研究四川盆地中部下侏罗统致密灰岩储层裂缝类型和发育特征的基础上,阐明了其裂缝分布的主控因素与发育规律。四川盆地中部下侏罗统致密灰岩储层普遍发育构造裂缝和成岩裂缝,其中以高角度构造剪切裂缝为主,大部分裂缝为有效裂缝。在同一区域应力场作用下,构造裂缝的分布主要受岩性、层厚及构造的控制。其中灰岩中裂缝最发育,随着泥质含量的增加,泥质灰岩、灰质泥岩和泥岩的裂缝密度依次降低。总体上,随着灰岩层厚的增加,裂缝间距增大,裂缝发育程度降低。大安寨致密灰岩储层可以分为4 种组合模式,不同组合模式的裂缝发育程度存在明显的差异,其中单层厚度为4～8 m 的介壳灰岩与单层厚度小于5 m 的泥页岩互层是形成裂缝的有利条件。不同构造部位的裂缝分布亦存在差异,其中断裂带附近与背斜轴部和转折端等构造高部位是裂缝发育的有利区域。 相似文献
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3.
济阳坳陷义和庄古潜山溶蚀、裂缝发育带灰色—遗传识别 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对裂缝识别测井、声波测井、深浅双侧向测井求取溶蚀和裂缝带发育参数－裂缝张开度、裂缝孔隙度、裂缝渗透率、地层系数、残余岩溶强度指数和裂缝发育指数，并结合岩芯观察和录井资料，给出控制特征参数，建立潜山灰岩储层单井溶蚀、裂缝带模式图。在此基础上，应用灰色－遗传过程识别系统对义和庄潜山三维地震资料进行溶蚀和裂缝带识别，预测储层发育的有利地带。 相似文献
4.
应用野外工作和室内研究相结合的方法,从储层的岩石学和储集空间等角度对塔中地区储层特征进行了研究。研究表明,研究区内良里塔格组灰岩段岩性主要为颗粒灰岩、骨架礁灰岩、藻粘结灰岩、泥晶灰岩、岩溶角砾岩等,其中颗粒灰岩大多经历了多期多成因成岩作用改造,裂缝较为发育;泥晶灰岩中多期压溶作用和白云石化作用较为常见;藻粘结灰岩受成岩作用改造相对最弱。宏观储集空间主要包括大型溶洞、孔洞及裂缝,其中孔洞多呈孤立、稀疏并沿裂缝分布;构造缝是裂缝的主要类型。微观储集空间主要包括溶孔和微裂缝,其中溶孔主要发育在亮晶颗粒灰岩中,可细分为粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔、晶间溶孔、铸模孔、溶蚀骨架孔、残余粒间孔及沿裂缝扩溶形成的溶孔,粒间溶孔所占比例最高。埋藏期溶蚀作用发育期次多,规模大,分布广泛,对储层物性的改善和油气聚集的影响最为明显。 相似文献
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南海珠江口盆地东沙隆起流花油田新近系灰岩储层为典型的台地边缘生物礁储层。岩石类型包括皮壳状珊瑚藻黏结灰岩、缠绕状珊瑚藻-珊瑚骨架灰岩、泥晶有孔虫-珊瑚藻颗粒灰岩、亮晶有孔虫-珊瑚藻颗粒灰岩、含红藻石灰岩、泥晶珊瑚颗粒灰岩、生屑泥晶灰岩7类。孔缝类型丰富,包括泥晶基质溶孔、粒间溶孔、藻架溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、体腔孔、晶间微孔7类孔隙及溶蚀缝、珊瑚藻皮壳间隙缝、似缝合线溶蚀缝、构造缝4类裂缝。划分了孔洞-网状裂缝型、孔隙型、裂缝-孔洞型、致密裂缝型4种储集类型。皮壳状珊瑚藻灰岩属于孔洞-网状裂缝型储层,泥晶颗粒灰岩、含红藻石灰岩和红藻石灰岩属于孔隙型,珊瑚骨架灰岩属于裂缝-孔洞型,亮晶生屑灰岩和胶结作用较强的皮壳状藻灰岩属于致密裂缝型。沉积微相和成岩作用控制了不同储集类型的分布,生物礁形成过程中的多期暴露对沉积微相和储集空间有重要影响。沉积-成岩演化过程划分为早期成礁与早期暴露、晚期成礁与次级暴露、埋藏压实与泥岩再造水改造阶段、两期成藏与地下水溶蚀4个阶段。根据沉积-成岩演化分析,预测了研究区储集类型空间分布。 相似文献
6.
塔里木盆地英买力地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气成藏条件优越.该地区一间房组和鹰山组为优质储层分布的主要层位,储层分布具明显差异性.通过岩心,薄片,测井及分析测试等资料对该地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层进行分析.结果表明,英买力地区一间房组岩性主要为滩相泥晶颗粒灰岩及亮晶颗粒灰岩,鹰山组岩性为泥晶灰岩和颗粒灰岩交互分布.储层储集空间以构造裂缝和孔洞为主,储层类型主要为孔洞-裂缝型和裂缝型.沉积相带控制了原始沉积的物质基础,构造作用、埋藏溶蚀连同大气淡水溶蚀等多种建设性成岩作用使研究区内台内滩储集体和礁滩储集体的连通性增强,储集空间增大,便于形成较好储层,溶蚀作用和构造运动是控制储层发育分布的关键因素. 相似文献
7.
本文讨论了一种综合应用岩相，测井相和地震相分析手段研究和预测裂缝性储集层的方法，并将其用于川南丹凤场阳新统裂缝系统的研究。提出本区阳三储层裂缝发育带主要分布于脆性的硅质灰岩相段附近，其地震响应表现为低速连续强振幅相，预测结果与钻井资料的对比表明，此方法可较好地预测裂缝发育带的展布和有效地识别解释陷阱。 相似文献
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通过对开江-梁平海槽区带南段40多口井飞仙关组薄片资料、录井、测井、试油等资料分析,结合岩心观察、扫描电镜等研究,认为飞仙关组储层岩石类型主要为鲕粒白云岩、晶粒白云岩、鲕粒灰岩、泥晶灰岩等;储集空间主要包括粒间(溶)孔、粒内溶孔、晶间(溶)孔、(构造、溶蚀)裂缝等;储层孔隙主要为裂缝型、裂缝-孔隙型、孔隙-裂缝型、孔隙型4种,储层中以4种类型复合产出为特征;储层物性较差,属低孔-低渗类型,裂缝系统发育地区,以低孔高渗为特征;储层发育受到沉积相带展布、白云石化作用、溶蚀作用、构造作用控制,其中,构造作用形成的裂缝系统是海槽区带南段形成规模储层的主要控制因素. 相似文献
9.
范春华 《物探化探计算技术》2011,33(2):212-216,109,110
茅口组储层以生屑灰岩储层为主,储集空间主要为溶孔、裂缝。这里运用P波振幅方位各向异性分析方法,对清溪场构造茅口组储层开展裂缝预测,搞清了裂缝发育与地层岩性以及构造发育之间的关系,明确了裂缝的走向、强度,以及密度发育部位,预测了裂缝的分布范围。实际资料应用表明,用该套方法识别裂缝—溶隙型储层是有效和可靠的,可以检测出有利的裂缝储层发育带。 相似文献
10.
塔里木盆地西克尔露头区鹰山组古岩溶特征及其储层意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鹰山组上段因主要发育岩溶型储层而成为塔里木盆地奥陶系的重要含油气层,但因钻井资料的局限储层特征难以精确揭示。塔里木盆地西缘西克尔地区经历了多期构造运动,发育了多期不整合之下的表生岩溶作用,出露的鹰山组发育丰富的古岩溶现象,为研究鹰山组岩溶储层特征和揭示岩溶储层成因规律提供了良好的条件。通过野外剖面和室内薄片观察和描述,识别出了大型溶洞及其充填物、小型溶孔以及构造裂缝和溶蚀缝等。强烈的表生岩溶作用形成的溶洞和角砾岩可直接形成溶洞型储层;小型溶孔广泛发育,常与溶蚀缝伴生形成孔洞型或缝洞型储层;多期构造裂缝叠加在岩溶储层之上,能显著提升储层的渗透性。结合岩相分析表明,颗粒灰岩中溶孔的发育密度要明显高于泥晶灰岩;同时溶蚀缝和构造裂缝也更易发生在颗粒含量高的灰岩中,从而形成裂缝型和孔洞缝复合型有利储层。 相似文献
11.
Chirp浅剖图像可以显示东沙群岛西南海域存在泥火山.通过基于Chirp浅剖记录数据的反演方法研究,定量地分析泥火山区海底物性参数.首先由Chirp浅剖记录的反射振幅计算了海底反射系数,结果表明泥火山区的反射变化很大(0.1~0.8).对于海底弱反射(＜0.45) 区域,用Schock-Stoll模型以及物理参数间的经验公式反演海底浅表层物理性质参数(速度、密度、孔隙度等参数);对于海底强反射(＞0.45) 区域,用Gardner经验公式反演海底浅表层物理性质参数.反演结果表明研究区海底物性变化大,声速最高达5 237 m/s,密度最大为2.673 g/cm3.反演的物性参数与实验室测量值吻合度较高.Chirp浅剖数据反演是一种有效可行的遥测海底声学参数方法. 相似文献
12.
We present a tool for coupling thermochemistry with mechanics. Thermodynamic potential functions are used to calculate reversible
material properties such as thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat, elastic shear modulus, bulk modulus and density.
These material properties are thermodynamically self consistent. Transport properties such as thermal conductivity (diffusivity)
and melt viscosity are also included, but these are derived from laboratory experiments. The transport properties are included
to provide a reference database as a common standard of material properties necessary for comparing geological, geodynamic
and geotechnical calculations. We validate the chemically derived elastic material properties by comparing computed seismic
velocities for a pyrolitic composition to the seismic models PREM and ak135. 相似文献
13.
泥质砂岩复电阻率的频散特性实验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
不同孔隙流体特性的岩石复电阻率频散实验,是复电阻率测井资料评价水淹层和低阻油层的岩石物理基础。通过水驱水、水驱油、油驱水的岩石复电阻率频散特性的实验研究,发现泥质砂岩的复电阻率频散特性受含油饱和度的影响较大,受地层水矿化度的影响较小,尤其是异相电阻率,受地层水矿化度的影响更小;与含水泥质砂岩相比,含油泥质砂岩的相角相对较大,且随着含油饱和度的增加而增大;含水岩石和含油岩行在频散特性上存在着较大差异。实验研究结果表明,利用基于岩石频散特性发展起来的复电阻率测井技术,可以有效地识别油水层。 相似文献
14.
G. V. Gibbs D. F. Cox K. M. Rosso A. Kirfel T. Lippmann P. Blaha K. Schwarz 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(2):114-125
Generalized X-ray scattering factor model experimental electron density distributions and bond critical point, bcp, properties generated in recent studies for the earth materials stishovite, forsterite, fayalite and cuprite with high energy single crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction data and those generated with high resolution diffraction data for coesite and senarmonite were found to be adequate and in relatively good agreement, ~5% on average, with those calculated with quantum chemical methods with relatively robust basis sets. High resolution low energy single crystal diffraction data, recorded for the molecular sieve AlPO4-15, were also found to yield model electron density distribution values at the bcp points for the AlO and PO bonded interactions that are in relatively good to moderately good agreement with the theoretical values, but the Laplacian values of the distribution at the points for the two bonded interactions were found to be in relatively poor agreement. In several cases, experimental bcp properties, generated with conventional low energy X-ray diffraction data for several rock forming minerals, were found overall to be in poorer agreement with the theoretical properties. The overall agreement between theoretical bcp properties generated with computational quantum methods and experimental properties generated with synchrotron high energy radiation not only provides a basis for using computational strategies for studying and modeling structures and their electron density distributions, but it also provides a basis for improving our understanding of the crystal chemistry and bonded interactions for earth materials. Theoretical bond critical point properties generated with computational quantum methods are believed to rival the accuracy of those determined experimentally. As such the calculations provide a powerful and efficient method for evaluating electron density distributions and the bonded interactions for a wide range of earth materials.Dedicated to Professor Robert F. Stewart of Carnegie Mellon University on his retirement for his brilliant and original work modeling electron density distributions. 相似文献
15.
高邮凹陷古近系阜宁组一段沉积特征对储层成岩作用及物性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本次通过对高邮凹陷阜宁组一段38口井的岩芯描述和400余块样品的普通薄片、铸体薄片和扫描电镜的镜下观察以及物性分析和含油性分析等,对储层的岩性、粒度、杂基含量、层理结构、生物扰动构造等因素与储层的成岩现象、物性特征和含油性的关系进行了详细研究,总结了沉积微相对成岩作用、储层物性的影响和与储层含油气性的关系。储层的岩石成分对储层的成岩作用及物性有重要影响,岩屑较软,易被压实和溶解,浅埋藏时,孔隙度和渗透率随着岩屑含量的增大而增大;当埋藏较深时,孔隙度和渗透率随岩屑含量增加而快速下降。储层的粒度对储层的成岩作用及物性也有重要影响,一般随着粒度的增大,孔隙度、渗透率都相应增大。储层的层理类型对成岩作用及物性也有重要影响,块状层理、交错层理或平行层理砂岩的分选性好,杂基含量较低,属于颗粒支撑结构,从而有利于原生孔隙的保存,为后期地下酸性流体对储层的溶蚀改造提供了渗流条件;波状交错层理等砂岩除不具备这一条件外,砂层内部弯曲的纹层给地下流体的流动增加了困难,不利于次生孔隙的发育和油气的进入。沉积微相对储层物性的控制,主要表现在其对原始物性的控制,分选好、原始物性好的储层在埋藏成岩演化过程中,由于对地层流体的流动的阻力小,其储集空间可以由于致密胶结作用完全消失,也可以得到溶蚀改善和保存;但泥质含量高的储层,其原始物性不好,对地层流体的流动阻力大,尤其是油气难于进入,储层主要遭受破坏,而难以得到改善和保存。 相似文献
16.
Richard J. O'Connell 《Tectonophysics》1976,32(1-2)
The average physical properties of multiphase aggregates, such as rocks, depend on the properties of the individual phases as well as the statistical spatial distribution of the phases, such as the relative concentrations, and the shape, orientation, and distribution of the grains of the individual phases. If the properties of the phases are similar, the aggregate properties depend mainly on volume averages of properties of the phases; this is the case for elastic properties of rocks. If the properties of the phases differ significantly, the geometric distribution of the phases becomes important; this is the case if a fluid phase is present, which may have a large effect on elastic and electrical properties. Laboratory measurements of properties of individual phases and aggregates, used with theoretical treatments of aggregate properties, permits the interpretation of seismic velocities, attenuation and electrical conductivity in the earth in terms of possible compositions, phases and distribution of phases, such as intergranular fluids. 相似文献
17.
边坡可靠度分析中通常假定采用平稳或准平稳随机场表征土体参数的空间变异性,然而大量现场试验数据表明,土体参数如不排水抗剪强度沿土体埋深常呈现明显的非平稳分布特征,即其均值和标准差均随埋深发生变化,因此亟需发展土体参数非平稳随机场模型及其模拟方法。针对目前不能有效单独模拟土体参数趋势分量和随机波动分量的不确定性,提出了一种有效的不排水抗剪强度参数非平稳随机场模型,并给出了土体参数二维非平稳随机场模拟方法计算流程,同时将新提出的模型与现有非平稳随机场模型及平稳随机场模型进行了系统比较。最后通过不排水饱和黏土边坡算例验证了提出模型的有效性,并揭示了不排水抗剪强度非平稳分布特征对边坡可靠度的影响规律。结果表明：提出模型能够有效地单独模拟土体参数趋势分量和随机波动分量的不确定性,考虑土体参数均值和标准差随埋深增加而增大的特性,可为表征土体参数非平稳分布特征提供了一条有效的途径。此外,与采用非平稳随机场模拟土体参数空间变异性相比,采用常用的平稳随机场模型会低估边坡失效概率,从而造成偏危险的边坡工程设计方案。 相似文献
18.
Olivier Rozenbaum Luc Barbanson Fabrice Muller Ary Bruand 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2008,340(6):345-355
Stone substitution is a conventional operation during heritage buildings’ restoration, but becomes problematic for architects and restorers when the quarry is mined out. The compatibility of the substitution stones with the original ones has been for long mainly based on the aesthetical aspect, this resulting too often in a patchwork of original and substitution stones with different patina after several years because of differences of properties. In this study, the objective is to show how substitution stones can be selected by combining aesthetic criteria and stones properties that are relevant for analyzing their compatibility. A couple of French limestones with their potential substitution stones were selected for the study. Our results showed that potential substitution stones selected on their aesthetic criteria require to be rejected because of their differences of physical properties. On the other hand, our results showed also the possibility to select substitution stones with satisfactory aesthetic aspect and properties that enable to expect a satisfactory compatibility with the original stone. 相似文献
19.
The thermodynamic properties of silicate minerals can be described as a linear combination of the fractional properties of their constituent polyhedra. In contrast, given the thermodynamic properties of these polyhedra, the thermodynamic properties of minerals can be estimated, where only the crystallography of the mineral needs to be known. Such estimates are especially powerful for hypothetical mineral end‐members or for minerals where experimental determination of their thermodynamic properties is difficult. In this contribution the fractional enthalpy, entropy and molar volume for 35 polyhedra have been determined using weighted multiple linear regression analysis on a data set of published mineral thermodynamic properties. The large number of polyhedra determined, allows calculation of a much larger variety of phases than was previously possible and the larger set of minerals used provides more confident fractional properties. The OH‐bearing minerals have been described by partial and total hydroxide coordinated components, which gives better results than previous models and precludes the need of a S–V term to improve estimates of entropy. However, the fractional thermodynamic properties only give adequate results for silicate minerals and double oxides, and should therefore not be used to estimate the properties of other minerals. The thermodynamic properties of ‘new’ minerals are calculated from a linear stoichiometric combination of their constituent polyhedra, resulting in estimates generally with associated uncertainty of <5%. The quality of such data appears to be of sufficient accuracy for thermodynamic modelling as shown for meta‐bauxites from the Alps and the Aegean, where the effect of Zn on the P–T stability of staurolite can be both qualitatively and quantitatively reproduced. 相似文献
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