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1.
Integrated coastal management (ICM) is an emerging approach in East Africa for the solution of various coastal issues. This paper is intended to provide an update on the current practical aspects concerning the ICM process and related policies and strategies in Madagascar. Efforts are being made in Madagascar for the mutual integration of numerous coastal projects and activities within the Environment Program of the National Environmental Action Plan. The foundations for an ICM program, built during an ICM workshop, which took place at the end of 1996 upon existing activities, are being expanded presently. These developments concern, above all, the institutional aspects related to the formulation of an ICM program. Therefore, the actual situation sees an overgrowing collaboration of the national and international agencies involved in the implementation of coastal projects, in an expandingly integrating way, within an institutional framework that grows progressively stronger. The case of Madagascar suggests reflections on how ICM can mitigate potential sectoral conflicts as well as on, how the sometimes complex nature of the social and cultural issues may influence the development of an ICM program. The need for monitoring ICM is stressed and the role of outside partners clarified. 相似文献
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Pounds NA Hutchinson TH Williams TD Whiting P Dinan L 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):709-713
Concern over endocrine disrupters in coastal ecosystems has stimulated global efforts to understand their potential impacts on fish and invertebrate communities. Given that marine crustaceans are sensitive to the effects of alkylphenols and other xenobiotics, we are currently investigating whether these responses may be caused via an endocrine mechanism. Tisbe battagliai (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) is representative of an ecologically important group of meiofauna, is sensitive to toxicants and is used as an international test species in marine ecotoxicology. A 21-day life-cycle test that incorporates assessment of survival, development, reproduction and sex ratios, has shown that populations of T. battagliai are not significantly affected by environmentally relevant levels of steroidal oestrogen agonists, or by related synthetic receptor agonists. The absence of in vivo effects due to these steroid agonists and antagonists prompted in vitro studies of ecdysteroid receptor activity of a range of reference compounds and environmental contaminants with an ecdysteroid receptor (EcR/USP)-based screening assay derived from the BII haemocyte line of Drosophila melanogaster. The implications for environmental monitoring of endocrine disrupters are discussed. 相似文献
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铜(Cu)是海洋浮游植物生长不可或缺的痕量金属之一,对海洋初级生产力起着关键作用。河流是海洋中Cu的重要来源,河口及边缘海对河流输入的Cu起着重要的改造作用,但目前对Cu在浙闽沿岸的生物地球化学行为尚不明确。本研究使用自动固相萃取-电感耦合等离子体联用技术对2021年11月浙闽沿岸及其邻近水域表层水的溶解态铜(dCu)浓度进行分析。结果显示,该区域dCu浓度范围为3.38～26.28 nmol·L–1,平均浓度为11.66±5.83nmol·L–1。在研究区域内, dCu的空间分布呈北高南低,近岸高、远岸低的特征。此外, dCu在浙闽沿岸表现出较高的保守性,其与盐度呈显著负相关关系,表明dCu在一定程度上可用于指示人为影响。相关性分析表明,浙闽沿岸及其邻近水域表层dCu的生物地球化学行为和分布可能受到陆源输入、水团输运混合、化学絮凝与吸附等过程的影响。本研究结果有助于进一步理解Cu在海洋中的生物地球化学过程,为探究该区域的生态环境变化提供科学依据。 相似文献
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黑潮冬季海温对我国东北地区夏季降水预测信号的增强 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
统计分析结果表明,黑潮冬季海温和东北夏季降水的关系有非常明显的年代际变化,表现为从20世纪50-60年代弱的正相关逐步转变为现阶段很强的负相关。尤其是在东北夏季降水异常年份,黑潮海温呈明显的反位相变化,因此可被视为一个非常有效的前兆预测信号。分析了可能的影响机制,即当前期黑潮海温偏低时,海洋热力异常的持续性会导致其夏季低层出现反气旋式风场距平环流,在西太平洋副热带高压(副高)西北侧出现东北风距平及在东北冷涡东南侧出现西南风距平,导致在副高区和东北冷涡区均形成气旋式距平环流系统,从而减弱了副高并增强了东北冷涡。反之,黑潮海温偏高时,其上空气旋式距平环流系统将减弱东北冷涡强度和增强副高强度。这是黑潮海温影响东北夏季降水异常的主要原因。 相似文献
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Bearing capacity of shallow foundations in clay with linear increase in strength and adhesion factor
Boonchai Ukritchon Sothoan Yoang Suraparb Keawsawasvong 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(4):438-451
In this paper, the computational lower bound (LB) limit analysis using finite element with second-order cone programming was used to investigate the LB solutions of the undrained bearing capacity of continuous footing with a linear increase in the strength profile and an adhesion factor at the soil–footing interface. A full range of parametric studies of the dimensionless strength gradients and adhesion factors at the soil–footing interface were performed in the LB calculations. The results were verified by comparison with the available solution from the method of characteristics (slip-line analysis) for perfectly smooth and rough footings. The LB analyses were able to complete a prior solution of undrained bearing capacity with a linear increase in the strength profile by incorporating the influence of adhesion factor at the soil–footing interface. Based on the nonlinear regression to the computed LB solutions, an approximate expression of the LB solution regression was proposed, which is applicable to an accurate prediction of a safe load for offshore shallow foundations in clay with an arbitrary linear increase in strength and adhesion factor at soil–foundation interface in practice. 相似文献
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基于南沙群岛海域综合科学考察11个航次的实测资料,研究了南沙群岛海域的混合层深度季节变化特征。研究结果表明,南沙群岛海域混合层深度存在明显的季节变化,并且与季风和海表热通量的变化密切相关。春季,风速较小且风向不稳定,海面得到的净热通量全年最大,上层水体层结稳定,混合层深度较小;夏季,南海西南季风盛行,上层为反气旋式环流,海面得到的净热通量减少,混合层呈加深的趋势;秋季,海面净热通量继续减少,混合层深度达到最大值;冬季,东北季风驱动下形成的上层气旋式环流引起深层冷水的上升,限制了混合层的加深。 相似文献
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Chungsik Yoo 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(3):305-317
This paper presents the results of an investigation into the effect of lining leakage on the structural performance of lining in subsea tunnels. A parametric study on a number of hypothetical subsea tunnels was conducted within the framework of two-dimensional stress–pore pressure coupled finite element analysis with due consideration of tunnel cover depth, depth of water to seabed, and ground type. The results indicate that the lining leakage increases axial thrust as well as bending moment, with more pronounced increases in bending moment. Also shown is that there exists an increasing trend of leakage induced lining forces with an increase in the water depth above the seabed but with no significant influence from the cover depth. It is also shown that the progressive development of leakage induced lining forces can be best fitted with an exponential function which can be used to predict the lining force increase for a given tunnel condition. Practical implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
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Karl F. Nordstrom JeanMarie Hartman Amy L. Freestone Mark Wong Nancy L. Jackson 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2007,50(11-12):945-959
Data gathered on a foredune on a nourished beach reveal the relationships between topography and plant communities at gaps in the dune crest. Sand inundation at gaps allows plants in some portions of the dune to rejuvenate to earlier successional stages, while an increase in richness occurs in other portions. Ammophila breviligulata can create an initial dune ridge, colonize new areas of bare sand within the dune field, facilitate growth of other species, and provide a natural alternative to fencing in managing gaps. Foredune mobility can be considered a positive factor if beach width and dune volume provide adequate protection. 相似文献
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C. Fernandez 《Marine Ecology》1998,19(1):1-11
Abstract. Monthly soluble and insoluble protein, carbohydrate, lipid and ash levels and energetic content were measured in tissues of Paracentrotus lividus adults living in a lagoonal environment over a 1-year period to increase our understanding of resource allocation to the different tissues. The biochemical composition of P. lividus individuals in this environment is similar to that observed in other environments. The gonad and gut contained a high level of proteins soluble or insoluble, a lesser amount of lipids and, finally, a low level of carbohydrates. The main component of the test was ash, followed by protein levels. The lipid and carbohydrate levels in the test were very low. Seasonal variability in the biochemical composition of the different body parts was observed. In the gonad, an increase in the level of lipids was recorded concomitant to an increase in gonad weight. The lipids and carbohydrates, after an initial increase, decreased with the maturation of the gonad. The biochemical variations observed in the gut seem to be linked to both the reproductive cycle and the sea urchin's trophic activity. Variability in the test was low and irregular for all of the observed biochemical components. As P. lividus is an important member of the benthic community in the Urbinu lagoon, this echinoid represents an important store of materials and energy within this lagoonal environment. 相似文献
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Recognizing that all management decisions have impacts on the ecosystem being exploited, an ecosystem-based approach to management seeks to better inform these decisions with knowledge of ecosystem structure, processes and functions. For marine fisheries in the California Current, along the West Coast of North America, such an approach must take into greater consideration the constantly changing climate-driven physical and biological interactions in the ecosystem, the trophic relationships between fished and unfished elements of the food web, the adaptation potential of life history diversity, and the role of humans as both predators and competitors. This paper reviews fisheries-based ecosystem tools, insights, and management concepts, and presents a transitional means of implementing an ecosystem-based approach to managing US fisheries in the California Current based on current scientific knowledge and interpretation of existing law. 相似文献
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Frontal upwelling is an important phenomenon in summer in the Yellow Sea (YS) and plays an essential role in the distribution of nutrients and biological species. In this paper, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is applied to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the YS. The results show that the strength and distribution of frontal upwelling are largely dependent on the topography and bottom temperature fronts. The frontal upwelling in the YS is stronger and narrower near the eastern coast than near the western coast due to the steeper shelf slope. Moreover, external forcings, such as the meridional wind speed and air temperature in summer and the air temperature in the preceding winter and spring, have certain influences on the strength of frontal upwelling. An increase in air temperature in the previous winter and spring weakens the frontal upwelling in summer; in contrast, an increase in air temperature in summer strengthens the frontal upwelling. When the southerly wind in summer increases, the upwelling intensifies in the western YS and weakens in the eastern YS. The air temperature influences the strength of upwelling by changing the baroclinicity in the frontal region. Furthermore, the meridional wind speed in summer affects frontal upwelling via Ekman pumping. 相似文献
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YAN Zhenguang MENG Wei LIU Zhengtao YANG Suwen LIU Xiaojun SUN Juan XIE Liping ZHANG Rongqing 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(1):87-93
The inner shell surface is the biomineralization site in shell formation and an inner-shell film covers it.This surface is composed of two regions:an outer calcitic region and an inner aragonitic region.In this study,some amalgamated calcite crystals were found in the calcitic region and some aragonitic "imprints" were found in the central part of the aragonitic region.The "imprints" are probably the trace of mantle cells that adhered to the inner shell surface when the shell was produced.Furthermore,to build a novel in vitro biomineralization system,the inner-shell film was detached from the shell and introduced to the calcitic crystallization solution.Crystallization experiments showed that nacre proteins could induce aragonite crystals in the novel system but inhibited calcite growth in the absence of the inner-shell film.These data suggested that the inner-shell film may induce aragonite growth in vivo by combining nacre proteins. 相似文献
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厦门同安西柯对虾养殖池的细菌数量动态 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文研究了对虾养成期间养殖池生态系中细菌的数量动态,探讨其变化规律与虾病的关系。结果表明,总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌在水体、底质和虾体中的数量变化各异。在水体各菌数与其环境因子的关系中,除了总菌数与COD存在着正相关外,其它的不存在相关性。虾体的总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌的数量（以细胞计）可以用来预报虾病,三者的阅值分别为107个 ／g（湿重）、105个／g（湿重）和104介／g（湿重）。通过对对虾的细菌学跟踪监测,可以及时采取有效的应急防治措施。 相似文献
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Geller B. Capellano V. Brossier J.-M. Essebbar A. Jourdain G. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1996,21(2):150-155
This paper concerns the equalization problem of an underwater high rate transmission system. Because the channel delay spread of an horizontal link is large compared with the data duration, we have developed an adaptive equalizer in order to minimize the calculus burden of the moving receiver. The performance of this equalizer on synthetic and real channels is discussed 相似文献
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《Ocean & Coastal Management》2003,46(6-7):507-526
In this article, we analyze a change in the role of federal institutions in charge of managing Mexican fisheries during the mid-1990s. During 30 years, the fishery policy in Mexico began by promoting an accelerated fishing effort. This worked through 1981, when the country recorded its highest landings (1.6 million metric tons), but landings have not increased subsequently whereas the number of fishermen has continued to increase. In 1995, the federal administration acknowledged the problems: biological over-exploitation; over-capitalization; monopoly in commercialization; failures in loan payments; failures in controlling effort; obsolete vessels and equipment; and social conflicts for the resources. In an attempt to resolve some of these problems, the administration implemented structural changes in management, science and enforcement institutions. This arrangement established goals and introduced instruments in fisheries management: it determined the biological status of most of the fisheries; applied the precautionary approach for those fully exploited or over-exploited fisheries; gave scientific advice an important role in decision making; and involved the users in decision making. This article evaluates these changes in management policy by document review, participation and interviewing management and scientists who participated in this process. We analyze, in particular, the use of science-based categorization of fisheries status, and the introduction of public participation. The interview data demonstrate that sustainable Mexican fisheries require an evolution to a more public participatory policy, in order to strengthen local institutions and fishermen over federal institutions, which should lead to a re-definition of regulation of fisheries resources. 相似文献
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Maintenance of the glutathione (GSH) pathway is critical in guarding against the toxic effects of a variety of pollutants. However, despite their importance as an initial line of defense against waterborne toxicants, little is known regarding the role of fish gills in GSH-mediated xenobiotic metabolism. In these studies, the role of channel catfish gills in the detoxification of 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (chlorothalonil), an electrophilic fungicide, was examined. Chlorothalonil was metabolized in vitro by gill cytosolic and microsomal glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Chlorothalonil metabolism by cytosolic fructions was reduced markedly when GSH was omitted from reaction mixtures. Microsomal metabolism of chlorothalonil did not occur in the absence of GSH and in the presence of an NADPH-regenerating system lacking GSH. Channel catfish exposed in vivo to chlorothalonil had increased gill GSH and cysteine concentrations after 72 h exposure, and increased gill gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) activity at 144 h of exposure. Our results show that the gills play an important role in the metabolism and detoxification of chlorothalonil in the channel catfish. Catfish can maintain elevated gill GSH concentrations in the presence of chlorothalonil by increasing gill cysteine concentrations. 相似文献