共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
《岩土力学》2020,(1):285-294
针对盾构掘进中、离开后施工阶段,依据土体弹塑性应力-应变关系进行分析,准确预测地表变形量及影响范围具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。在导出隧道周围土体塑性松动圈范围的基础上,提出了盾构掘进中、离开后土体内产生的复合滑动面平面段与水平面夹角分别成45°-φ/2和45°+φ/2(φ为内摩擦角)的结论,推导了土体呈主动、被动状态复合滑动面安全系数F_s公式,并利用随机搜索法,找出可能的滑动面,量化确定盾构掘进、离开阶段横向扰动影响范围。盾构掘进中,地表隆起因盾构上部土体发生剪切位移引起,通过直剪试验曲线中控制应力τ_1、τ_2、τ_3及不同阶段剪切模量G_e、G_(p1)、G_(p2),并依据τ-l曲线控制应力τ_1、τ_2、τ_m及相对应的距离l_1、l_2、l_m。推导出剪切位移公式,预测地表隆起量;盾构离开后,地表沉降由盾构上部土体卸荷产生的负超孔隙水压力消散引起土体固结所致,应用修正剑桥模型中土体剪切应变预测沉降量。以武汉过江隧道为工程案例,对地表变形影响范围及隆沉量进行量化计算,得出盾构不同施工阶段横向扰动影响范围、地表隆起量与工程实测值吻合较好,卸荷沉降预测值与总沉降实测值趋势一致。 相似文献
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近间距双线大直径泥水盾构施工相互影响研究 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
对上海复兴东路越江公路隧道--近间距双线盾构隧道同向施工时相互影响的现场监测进行了研究。首先简要介绍了工程背景及其概况,然后介绍了为研究近间距盾构隧道相互影响而布设的监测项目,包括深层土体水平位移、地表沉降以及深层土体沉降、北线隧道三维位移、圆周变形、接缝宽度、北线隧道所受水土压力、北线隧道衬砌内力和土体中的超孔隙水压力。对监测数据进行了详细研究,得到了后建隧道推进时对地面沉降、深层土体位移变化、超孔隙水压力产生和消散、先建隧道衬砌位移、变形、内力的影响规律。从现场监测的分析结果来看,后进隧道对周围土体和先建隧道的影响是十分明显的。研究结果可以为大直径近间距双线推进的越江盾构隧道的设计和施工提供更加科学的指导。 相似文献
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隧道盾构法施工引起周围土体附加应力分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
结合弹性力学Mindlin解,运用边界单元法,推导了施工过程中盾构正面推力和盾壳与土体之间的摩擦力引起的周围土体附加应力计算公式。根据土体损失的空间分布规律,应用镜像法原理,推导了土体损失产生的附加应力计算公式。将正面推力、摩擦力和土体损失引起的附加应力进行叠加,得到盾构推进过程中周围土体总的附加应力计算公式。以上海某隧道工程为例,分析了正面推力、摩擦力、土体损失及共同作用引起附加应力的分布规律及对周围环境的影响,为保护盾构推进一定范围内的建（构）物提供了依据。 相似文献
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以天津地铁2号线下穿多层建筑物的盾构隧道为例,建立了盾构下穿空旷场地以及下穿建筑物的有限元模型,计算结果与现场实测数据进行了对比验证。在此基础上分析了在天津软土地区盾构隧道施工对地表沉降及多层砌体结构建筑物差异沉降的影响,并对采用小应变土体本构模型与硬化土本构模型的计算结果进行比较。结果表明,采用小应变本构模型的地表最大沉降和横向沉降槽宽度与实测数据吻合良好。盾构斜下穿砌体结构房屋时,建筑物有偏向隧道轴线方向的倾斜,采用小应变土体本构模型的计算结果可以更好地反映建筑物的倾斜斜率的变化。因此,研究软土地区盾构掘进对上方建筑物沉降影响的精细化分析时应考虑土体小应变的影响。 相似文献
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当盾构隧道平行侧穿建筑物时,大多关注建筑物的横向沉降规律,对其纵向沉降关注较少。为此,针对盾构隧道平行侧穿建筑物引发的空间变形开展研究。首先,对天津地铁6号线平行侧穿四座结构形式相近的砖混建筑的实测数据进行分析,得到建筑物基本变形模式;基于工程实测并考虑土体的小应变硬化特性建立三维有限元数值分析模型,研究了盾构侧穿引发的建筑物纵向挠曲、土体变形与应力变化规律,并分析了不同建筑平面长宽比的影响。结果表明,盾构隧道平行侧穿将诱发平面长宽比较大的建筑出现"下凹式"挠曲变形,纵墙中部沉降最大可为其角点沉降的2倍,平行侧穿并不能简化为平面应变问题进行分析。建筑物修建和盾构开挖将导致隧道上方土体经历较为复杂的应力变化过程,并可划分为6个阶段。沿建筑纵向基础中部的土体与边缘土体相比,其首先经历更大的压缩变形(建筑施工导致),在盾构穿越后又产生了更大的卸荷变形。当建筑平面长宽比小于2时,盾构开挖导致的纵向挠曲变形将显著减小。 相似文献
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基于Peck公式的双线盾构引起的土体沉降预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于Peck公式,对双线水平平行盾构隧道施工中土体损失引起的三维土体沉降计算方法进行研究。考虑先行隧道施工对后行隧道的影响和两条隧道开挖面的不同位置,建立修正的三维Peck公式;通过分别计算先行盾构隧道和后行盾构隧道施工引起的土体沉降,叠加得到双线水平平行盾构施工引起的总的三维土体沉降。算例分析结果表明：预测值与实测值比较吻合;随着两条隧道开挖面前后距离的逼近,地面最大沉降量会逐渐增大;随着土体深度z的增大,沉降略增大、沉降槽宽度则略减小;当两条隧道轴线水平距离L较小时,地面沉降量较大,符合正态分布规律;随着L的增大,最大地面沉降量会逐渐减小,沉降曲线形状慢慢由V型转变成W型。 相似文献
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盾构隧道施工引起地表下土体变位的分析评估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前对盾构隧道施工引起的地表下土体变位进行预测分析的研究还相对较少,尤其是缺乏简单实用的工程估算方法。在深埋隧道周围土体弹性位移计算方法及盾构间隙参数研究成果的基础上,通过相应的分析和假设提出了一种预测盾构隧道施工引起地表下土体水平变位的简便估算方法。另外,在已有研究成果基础上,提出了一种新的盾构隧道沉降槽的描述方法,并结合Mair等提出的计算公式对盾构隧道施工引起的地表下土体沉降变位进行预测。通过与有限元计算结果及一些典型盾构隧道监测数据的对比分析,证明提出的估算方法能够较好地预测实际工程中盾构隧道施工引起的地表下土体的变位情况。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献