共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
新特提斯缝合带中的铬铁矿带是全球最重要的豆荚状铬铁矿成矿带之一,尤其是新特提斯缝合带中段,即穆斯林巴赫-科希斯坦-雅鲁藏布江一带,自东向西发育罗布莎、马拉坎德、穆斯林巴赫等若干大型铬铁矿床。本文系统总结和梳理新特提斯缝合带中段蛇绿岩的时空分布特征以及典型豆荚状铬铁矿的矿床特征、赋存规律和控矿因素。研究表明,蛇绿岩形成时代主体为中侏罗世—晚白垩世,自东向西大致呈逐渐变新的趋势,构造侵位的时代相近,为古新世—始新世;马拉坎德、瓦济里斯坦、穆斯林巴赫及贝拉铬铁矿,与罗布莎矿床相似,均属于富铬型铬铁矿,产于SSZ相关构造背景下,显示良好的岩相分带,具有良好的成矿条件;提出下一步找矿方向是针对成矿条件优越的蛇绿岩,解析层序剖面,识别纯橄岩与方辉橄榄岩的岩相分带,确定有利赋矿岩相。 相似文献
2.
基性-超基性岩体广泛分布于巴基斯坦北部印度河缝合带和中南部碰撞带,发育有与蛇绿岩有关的铬铁矿床,多数岩体工作程度偏低。铬尖晶石是指示岩石成因和构造环境的有效标志。铬尖晶石矿物化学研究表明其岩体可划分为3类,其中尚拉-明戈拉、德尔盖、瓦齐里斯坦、穆斯林巴赫和贝拉岩体中造矿铬尖晶石的成分显示富Cr、贫Al、低Ti特征,副矿物铬尖晶石的Cr#变化范围指示其构造背景为大洋中脊向俯冲带之上的过渡环境,与我国罗布莎含矿岩体非常相似。通过对比分析典型豆荚状铬铁矿成矿地质特征和成矿规律,认为贝拉、穆斯林巴赫等岩体成矿条件有利,具较大找矿潜力。 相似文献
3.
铬铁矿是生产不锈钢不可替代的原材料,中国目前是世界最大不锈钢消费国。铬铁矿一直是中国的短缺矿种,几乎完全依靠进口。铬铁矿床分为层状和豆荚状两种类型矿床。中国已知的铬铁矿床均属于豆荚状铬铁矿床,主要分布在西藏、新疆和内蒙古等地。该类矿床主要产于蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩或相关的堆晶杂岩中。最近在西藏罗布莎和俄罗斯乌拉尔豆荚状铬铁矿中发现深部地幔矿物,认为铬铁矿来自深部地幔,不是产自浅部地幔橄榄岩。认为深部来源的铬铁矿可以成大矿,小岩体也可以成大矿,因此,十分有必要对中国境内的蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩开展新一轮的调查。 相似文献
4.
赋存于蛇绿岩中的豆荚状铬铁矿床是全球铬资源的主要来源之一，具有重要战略及经济价值。目前关于豆荚状铬铁矿床的成因尚存分歧。本文总结了全球豆荚状铬铁矿床在矿床地质和矿床地球化学方面的共性特征，以及豆荚状铬铁矿床的成矿模型。这些模型在解释豆荚状铬铁矿矿床成因时还存在一些问题，如成矿母岩浆的地幔源区特征、形成条件、性质，难以限定成矿母岩浆的通量，如何精细刻画地幔中Cr及铬铁矿迁移-富集过程，俯冲动力学过程对成矿有何贡献，等。针对这些问题，未来的工作可聚焦于熔体包裹体研究、探索矿体下部是否存在深部岩浆房、熔-岩反应及流体搬运铬铁矿的实验岩石学及热力学模拟研究，以及探索与俯冲过程密切相关的成矿因素。 相似文献
5.
豆荚状铬铁矿作为冶金工业重要材料,具有较高的经济价值。大中型豆荚状铬铁矿常常发育在SSZ(suprasubduction zone,超俯冲带)型蛇绿岩中,但在很多SSZ型蛇绿岩中只发育了小型矿床甚至矿化点。因此,在讨论含铬矿和不含铬矿蛇绿岩体地球化学特征的基础上,对比研究了国内外9个发育不同规模铬铁矿床蛇绿岩体和矿石的地球化学组成特征,发现大中型豆荚状铬矿床具有铬铁矿石Pd/Ir值低(1.5),其中的造矿铬尖晶石Cr~#值高(0.6)、Cr/Fe值高(2.7)和w(TiO_2)低(0.3%)等地球化学特征,且常常发育在中度亏损的蛇绿岩中,据此认为在其成矿过程中经历了中等程度的部分熔融作用。 相似文献
6.
阿富汗喀布尔地块位于欧亚板块与印度板块碰撞交汇处,属特提斯喜马拉雅成矿域组成部分。伴随晚中生代、新生代以来新特提斯洋的拉张、闭合,喀布尔地块产生了大量与板块俯冲碰撞有关的超镁铁杂岩带,蛇纹石化普遍发育。该超镁铁岩带向东经巴基斯坦延伸至我国西藏境内,著名的罗布莎铬铁矿床可与之对比。洛加尔铬铁矿是喀布尔地块具代表性的、与始新世超镁铁岩有关的岩浆型矿床。典型矿床地质特征研究表明,洛加尔铬铁矿属与PPG型蛇绿岩有关的富铬型地幔橄榄岩熔融产物。通过典型矿床研究与区域成矿条件分析,认为喀布尔地区具良好的成矿地质背景,成矿条件优越,具寻找豆荚状铬铁矿床潜力。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
中国铬铁矿资源的瓶颈状态已持续多年。最近,在西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩的深部勘探发现200万t致密块状铬铁矿床,这是中国近50年来铬铁矿找矿的重大突破,对今后继续寻找同类型的铬铁矿床具有重要指导意义。蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中产出的豆荚状铬铁矿床是工业需求铬的重要来源。研究豆荚状铬铁矿的成矿作用和矿体围岩地幔橄榄岩地质特征,建立铬铁矿的成矿模型和找矿标志,是开展寻找同类型矿床的重要保证。随着近些年在豆荚状铬铁矿及围岩地幔橄榄岩中金刚石等深部矿物的不断发现和深入研究,人们对蛇绿岩型铬铁矿的物质来源和形成过程,有了新的认识,提出了铬铁矿的深部成因模式。研究认为深部成因铬铁矿床主要经历了4个阶段:(1)早期俯冲到地幔过渡带(410~660 km)的陆壳和洋壳物质被脱水和肢解,过渡带产生的热和流体促成了地幔的熔融和Cr的释放和汇聚;(2)铬铁矿浆在地幔柱驱动下,运移到过渡带顶部冷凝固结,并有强还原的流体进入,后者携带了深部形成的金刚石、斯石英等高压矿物,进入"塑性—半塑性地幔橄榄岩"中;(3)随着物质向上移动,深度降低,早期超高压相矿物发生相变,如斯石英转变成柯石英,高压相的铬铁矿中出溶成柯石英和单斜辉石;(4)在侵位过程和俯冲带环境下,含水熔体与方辉橄榄岩反应形成了不含超高压矿物的规模相对较小的浸染状铬铁矿及纯橄岩岩壳。进一步研究表明,同处雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段的几个大型地幔橄榄岩岩体与罗布莎岩体可以对比,经历了相同的构造背景和豆荚状铬铁矿的成矿作用,存在较大的找矿空间。 相似文献
10.
向着地球深部进军是未来地质科学研究的战略目标之一,微区则是探寻深部地幔元素迁移和物质循环的关键。分子、原子级矿物的分析研究将在解密深部地幔物理化学条件、物质组成中扮演重要角色。蛇绿岩中豆荚状铬铁矿是微米级矿物的主要载体之一。近年来,随着单晶衍射仪、微区衍射和透射电镜等实验技术的发展和应用,在豆荚状铬铁矿中发现了一系列微米级矿物,为揭示地幔物质组成和演化历史提供重要信息。铬铁矿中发现新矿物的矿床包括中国西藏的罗布莎铬铁矿矿床和希腊中部Othrys矿床。其中,罗布莎铬铁矿矿床中发现包括罗布莎矿、林芝矿、那曲矿、藏布矿、雅鲁矿、曲松矿、自然钛、青松矿、巴登珠矿、志琴矿、经绥矿、康金拉矿及文吉矿在内的13种新矿物;Othrys蛇绿岩的Agios Stefanos矿床发现的新矿物有arsenotu? ekite、eliopoulosite、tsikourasite和grammatikopoulosite。这些新矿物以过渡族元素(Fe、Cr、Ni、Mo、V等)、钛的硅化物、碳化物、镍的磷化物等自然元素及金属化合物为主。它们多以矿物发现地或为地学研究做过卓越贡献的科学家名字命名。微米级矿物的发现拓展... 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
13.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
14.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
16.
17.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献