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1.
黄河小浪底坝区泥化夹层分布及其抗剪试验方法的分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在大量地质勘探试验研究资料的基础上 ,分析研究了形成泥化夹层的母岩和地质构造力 ,泥化夹层的类型及其粒度成分以及泥化夹层的分布规律。还分析研究了不同试验方法对泥化夹层抗剪强度的影响 ,并着重分析研究了我院研制的控制膨胀饱和固结慢剪的试验成果。 相似文献
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大光包滑坡滑带发育于构造作用形成的层间错动带中,带中岩体由上而下碎裂化程度增加,且底部存在一层泥化带。本研究选取大光包滑坡层间错动带中不同层位的碎裂岩体,共计进行18组中剪试验;此外,选取错动带中泥化带及临近的糜棱质带岩体进行了不同含水率下的42组快剪试验。试验结果表明:层间错动带碎裂岩体的剪切特性同碎裂程度有关,碎裂程度较低的岩体应变软化特性更明显,碎裂程度较高的岩体抗剪强度则更差;糜棱质带土体抗剪强度和内摩擦角一般大于泥化带土体,且剪切特性受地下水的影响小于泥化带;泥化带土体的抗剪强度和黏聚力随含水率的升高迅速降低,其内摩擦角与含水率呈负相关的指数关系,在地震过程中,随着岩体扩容引起地下水入侵,泥化带的抗剪强度会大大降低。研究结果对理解大光包滑坡滑面发育层位和地震中含水率上升及错动带岩体进一步碎裂化对滑带岩体抗剪强度的影响有重要意义。 相似文献
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围压效应与软弱夹层的物理力学特性的相关性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
由于地壳上部岩体中的地应力普遍以压应力方式存在,位于三向地应力场中的软弱夹层必然受到地应力产生的正应力(本文称之为围压)的作用。本文从这一前提出发,研究了软弱夹层中夹泥的物理性质与围压的关系,指出围压是控制夹泥孔隙比、干密度的决定性因素.高围压下夹泥的干密度高、孔隙比低,围压与夹泥的孔隙比、干密度具有良好的相关性,并用我国境内的实际资料证明了这种关系.由于围压对夹泥物理性质的控制作用,较高围压下夹泥的抗剪强度高,相反.低围压下夹泥的抗剪强度低.围压与夹泥的抗剪强度同样具有较好的相关性.当前在地下洞室进行的软弱夹层取样和试验工作,由于忽视围压效应,用松动和浸水(或吸湿)的样品进行强应试验,必然造成软弱夹层抗剪参数取值偏低。 相似文献
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软弱夹层是岩体中强度最低的单元,是控制岩体稳定的重要结构面.前人对影响其强度的主要因素研究虽多,但多未研究各因素的综合影响,更未找出这些因素与强度的相关关系及其相应的相关方程。本文在探讨与分析夹泥的密度、含水量、粘土矿物类型和稠度状态等因素,在饱水状态下对抗剪强度的综合影响的基础上,提出了状态稠度指标W_s/W_p来研究各因素对夹泥强度的综合影响。最后还提出了表征各因素与抗剪强度的相关方程。 相似文献
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软弱夹层粘粒含量与抗剪强度参数的关系分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
分析表明,赋存环境相同、粘土矿物成分以伊利石为主的软弱夹层,在相同稠度状态下粘粒含量与抗剪强度参数具有很好的相关性。通过现场和大量的室内试验成果,建立了各种稠度状态下粘粒含量和抗剪强度参数之间的相关关系式,揭示了在研究粘粒含量对抗剪强度参数影响时,还应当考虑软弱夹层所处的天然状态。结合《温凝土重力坝设计规范》中提出的用粒度成分定量指标选取软弱结构面抗剪强度参数,对软弱夹层抗剪强度参数取值问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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在大量试验研究以及总结前人研究成果的基础上,全面分析研究了物质组成、组构特征、粒度成分、含水量和地应力等主要因素对软弱夹层抗剪强度的影响,这些影响因素对夹层强度的影响是相互制约、相互影响的,并不是孤立的。因此,要正确、合理地给定软弱夹层强度参数,必须综合考虑各因素的影响,并抓住其主控因素。天然性状指标(w/wP)是一个能反映夹泥的含水量、密实度,黏土矿物成分、黏粒含量以及夹泥稠度状态的指标。以向家坝为例研究了性状指标(w/wp)与强度参数间的相关性,其相关性良好,并建立了性状指标和强度参数间的相关方程,这对容易获得天然性状指标的夹层的强度参数取值是非常方便的。 相似文献
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许多研究表明,泥化夹层的力学强度与其物质组成关系极为密切,尤以粒度成分对强度的影响更为显著。作者曾依据粒度成分将泥化夹层分为粘泥型、泥夹碎屑型、碎屑——碎屑夹泥型、泥夹粉砂和粉砂夹泥型等各种类型[1]。并对黄河小浪底水库工程的各类夹泥进行了大量的中型试件剪切试验研究和电子显微镜观察,进一步探讨了夹泥粒度成分与力学强度之关系。 相似文献
8.
土-混凝土接触面特性环剪单剪试验比较研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对可用于接触面应力变形及强度特性试验的直剪仪、单剪仪及环剪仪的优缺点进行了比较分析。对某土料与混凝土接触面的应力-变形及强度特性进行了单剪试验研究,试验包括土-混凝土接触面及土-泥皮-混凝土接触面两种。同时,将已有的环剪试验成果与单剪试验结果进行了比较分析。研究了环剪试验与单剪试验成果的差异。结果表明,单剪试验测得的抗剪强度比环剪试验测得的低30%～40％,环剪试验用于接触面强度特性研究较合适,而单剪试验用于较低应力水平下的应力-变形试验更好,泥皮的存在使得接触面强度降低30%左右。 相似文献
9.
某滑坡软弱夹层抗剪强度取值方法的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文章主要针对软弱夹层抗剪强度取值所存在的争议，通过对贵州新街子滑坡的软弱夹层分别选择比例极限、屈服极限及峰值作为剪应力值，采用最小二乘法获得比例抗剪强度、屈服抗剪强度和峰值抗剪强度。以参数选取中应用较为成熟的反分析方法推求力学性质参数c、φ值作为判据对以上3种参数进行比较。计算结果表明：本滑坡软弱夹层中由于含泥量较大，而且粘塑性较强，屈服抗剪强度和反分析得到的抗剪强度偏差最小，比例抗剪强度偏差最大，峰值抗剪强度居中。并以此3种抗剪强度进行天然状态下滑坡稳定性验算，结果表明选用比例极限抗剪强度与当前滑坡的地质现象不符，选用峰值极限抗剪强度安全储备较低，而选取屈服极限抗剪强度最为合理。用此参数进行设计，滑坡已经得到了良好的治理。在取值研究中认为采用试验与反分析相结合的方法确定滑坡稳定性计算参数是比较合理的。以上结论为滑坡中软弱夹层抗剪强度取值的选择提供了重要的依据。 相似文献
10.
张家明 《地质灾害与环境保护》2020,(1):104-112
软弱夹层是控制岩体稳定性的重要薄层,研究软弱夹层的工程地质特征具有重要的科学意义和实际工程意义。在收集整理国内外相关资料的基础上,首先从定义和分类、形成机制和影响因素、分布特征和规律、工程地质特性和力学特性5个方面对国内软弱夹层和泥化夹层的研究进行总结和概述,然后分析当前研究存在的不足之处,讨论软弱夹层与泥化夹层的区别与联系。研究表明,与原生软弱夹层相比,泥化夹层更薄,工程地质性质更差。最后提出下一步重点研究方向:软弱夹层的泥化演化过程及泥化夹层的演化趋势;软弱夹层的三维空间分布及可视化;软弱夹层的剪切蠕变理论模型,细观损伤破坏动态演变规律,应力松弛特性和动力学特性;软弱夹层与围岩间的接触面及组合岩体的力学特性。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
17.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
18.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
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Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献