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1.
尝试利用卫星遥感高分辨率海表温度资料GHRSST (Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature) 与海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)数值预报产品之间的误差, 建立一种南海SST模式预报订正方法。首先, 利用南海的Argo浮标上层海温数据对GHRSST 海温数据进行验证, 结果表明两者之间均方根误差约为0.3℃, 相关系数为0.98, GHRSST 海温数据可用于南海业务化数值预报SST的订正。预报订正后的SST与Argo浮标海温数据相比, 24h、48h和72h的均方根误差均由0.8℃左右下降到0.5℃以内。与GHRSST 海温数据相比, 南海北部海域(110°E—121°E, 13°N—23°N)订正后的24h、48h和72h的SST预报空间误差均显著减小, 在冷空气影响南海期间或中尺度涡存在的过程中, SST预报订正效果也较为显著。因此, 该方法可考虑在南海业务化SST数值预报系统中应用。 相似文献
2.
为获取高空间分辨率与空间覆盖率的海表面温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)产品,基于最优插值方法,对微波辐射计Wind Sat、AMSR-E、ASMR2、HY-2 RM和红外辐射计MODIS、AVHRR的SST观测数据进行融合,生成了一种0.1°空间分辨率的每日SST融合产品,利用浮标数据在渤黄海区域进行了精度评估和修正,并分析了该区域的SST时空分布特征。结果表明:SST融合产品的在中国近海的精度为1.1℃,利用浮标数据修正后的精度略有改善;利用修正的SST产品对渤黄海区域SST分布特征进行了分析,分析结果显示,渤黄海海域冬季海温最为均匀,春季在海水升温过程中海温不均匀性明显。 相似文献
3.
漂流式海气界面浮标是创新研制的“小型化、轻质化、免维护”的漂流观测系统,能够测量海面以上3 m气象、水下20 cm海表面温度和波浪参数等11个不同的物理参数,并且已经经过多次观测应用,结果均较好。为实现漂流式海气界面浮标观测数据全球范围的应用,利用2018年黑潮延伸体海域Argo观测的海表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)、SVP (surface velocity program)浮标观测的海表温度和OISST (optimum interpolation sea surface temperature)数据,通过将其与漂流式海气界面浮标观测数据进行时空匹配以及对比验证,对漂流式海气界面浮标观测的海表面温度进行了系统评估,检验其在黑潮延伸体复杂水文环境下的观测准确性。结果表明,漂流式海气界面浮标观测SST数据与Argo观测SST数据相关系数达到0.9737,均方根误差和平均误差分别为0.5790°C和0.4539°C;与SVP浮标SST数据的相关系数弱于与Argo的相关系数,为0.9285,均方根误差为1.323 0°C,平均误差约为0.979 4°C... 相似文献
4.
利用遥感SST反演上层海洋三维温度场 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过统计相关分析验证了一个简单的温度参数模型在太平洋海域的较好适用性。基于Argo观测资料及WOA09气候态温度数据,采用最大角度法求得此模型的相关参数,并利用高分辨率卫星遥感海表温度反演了太平洋上层海域空间分辨率为1°×1°的气候态月平均三维温度场。与实测资料的比较分析表明反演结果是较为真实可靠的,并可作为海洋数值模式积分的初猜场,为实现现场观测(如:Argo)与卫星观测的优势互补,构建太平洋海域完整的三维温度分析场提供一种新途径。 相似文献
5.
海温是海洋环境影响因子之一,对于海洋生态环境、海水养殖业等尤为重要。本文以Argo数据提取的南海海洋温度场数据为例,结合GIS(GeographicInformationSystem)技术,研究南海海温点过程、面过程可视化表达的方法。利用GIS作为可视化框架提供南海海温场的可视化显示,包括放大、缩小和拖动等基本功能,绘制多种形式的数值图像并进行空间分析,包括海温数据曲线绘制、海温值查询、空间插值、等值线等。基于Argo数据可视化表达的结果,从南海海温年变化、随纬度的变化、垂向变化、季节分布特征四方面对南海的海温时空特征进行了分析,结果表明:(1)南海海表温度高温的持续时间比较长,升温过程比降温过程相对要短一些;(2)随着纬度的降低,温度整体升高,温度的年变化幅度越来越小。夏秋两季随着纬度的变化,温度变化不大,春冬两季的温度变化较大;(3)在0~30 m温度变化很小,在深度为30m处温度开始逐渐下降,到达500m以下,海温一年四季都比较接近;(4)冬季海温总体最低,夏季海温总体最高。冬季和秋季,在南海西南方向等值线呈现西北—东南向,等值线比较密集。海温的时空变化研究可以对海洋温跃层、海洋温度锋,海水不同层次的结构的研究提供一定参考。 相似文献
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Argo浮标观测已成为全球海洋观测系统的重要支柱,但因缺乏表层观测,使得Argo观测资料在海洋和大气研究中的应用仍有一定的局限性。基于一个简化的海洋温度参数模型,由Argo剖面观测及气候态数据所确定的垂向海洋温度参数,得到表层与次表层温度的函数关系,进而利用太平洋海域的Argo次表层温度数据来推算表层温度场。其中,海温参数模型的相关参数采用最大角度法求得,利用此方法得到的混合层深度,温跃层梯度,温跃层下边界等参数较以往的迭代法更精确。与传统采用外插方式得到的表层温度场及卫星反演的SST相比,推算的Argo表层温度与GTSPP、Argo NST等实测资料的标准差有了显著地降低;与Argo NST现场观测数据的相关性分析也表明,推算的表层温度与实测资料有着更好地一致性;通过相关分析检验,在理论上验证了在太平洋海域利用海温参数模型推算海表温度的可行性。本研究为弥补当前Argo资料缺乏表层观测的缺陷,构建完备的Argo网格化温度数据集提供了新途径,具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。 相似文献
7.
基于2004年1月—2017年4月的Argo剖面数据和SST数据,采用客观分析方法,构建出三维网格温度初始场,再采用回归分析方法统计出海面高度异常与三维网格温度初始场之间的相关关系,最后利用高分辨率的海面高度异常信息重构三维温度分析场。在西北太平洋区域构建了0.5°×0.5°的月平均三维温度分析场,垂向分辨率5 m(5～300 m)和10 m(300～700 m)。通过与BOA_Argo和EN4的逐月平均温度数据的时空分布对比分析表明:所构建的温度场能够较为真实地反映海洋温度场的垂向结构变化特征,能将SST信号的特征反映到混合层,并且能反映下层水团变化过程和特征。该分析场可以用于研究下层中小尺度温度变化特征,也可以作为模式初始场改进模式对海洋下层温盐的模拟结果。 相似文献
8.
海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)是影响全球气候的重要因素,在海洋科学研究中占有关键位置。论文基于MODIS红外、AMSR-2和HY-2A微波辐射计数据,分别利用最优插值和贝叶斯最大熵方法对SST数据进行融合,并用i Quam实测数据和Argo浮标数据对2015年SST融合数据进行检验。MODIS、AMSR-2、HY-2A辐射计SST的年平均空间覆盖率分别为15.0%,21.6%,22.0%,最优插值和贝叶斯最大熵融合SST产品的年平均空间覆盖率提高到98.6%和99.4%,融合产品空间覆盖率明显提高。与i Quam实测数据对比,最优插值和贝叶斯最大熵融合产品年平均偏差分别为0.07℃,0.04℃,均方根误差皆为0.78℃,其中3-7月最优插值融合产品的精度略优于贝叶斯最大熵融合产品,其它月份则相反;与Argo浮标数据对比,两种融合产品的均值偏差分别为0.06℃,0.01℃,均方根误差分别为0.77℃,0.75℃。整体上,贝叶斯最大熵融合产品的精度略优于最优插值融合产品,但计算成本较高。 相似文献
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利用Argo浮标资料和Rama浮标资料对印度洋海洋环境数值预报系统2010-03-06—2013-05-31的24h混合层深度产品进行了预报精度检验。与Argo浮标数据对比表明:预报与观测绝对平均误差为13m,24h混合层深度预报平均偏浅10m以内;对苏门答腊岛附近海域(5°S~4°N,87°~99°E)的混合层深度预报平均偏浅20m,该海域预报平均风速偏小1.6m/s是可能原因;其它海域预报能力较高,尤其对热带中南印度洋区域(5°~17°S,63°~96°E)平均误差集中在-2~2m。分海域检验对比结果表明:该预报系统能很好的预测出阿拉伯海(60°~70°E,10°~20°N)和孟加拉湾(85°~93°E,10°~18°N)处混合层半年周期变化特征;热带南印度洋(60°~80°E,15°~19°S)混合层呈现明显季节变化特征,且在每年8,9月份达到最大值;热带外南印度洋(45°~70°E,0°~10°S)混合层常年较为浅薄;Argo与Rama数据所得结果一致;预报系统对上述特征均能很好地预测。 相似文献
10.
基于Argo浮标的热带印度洋混合层深度季节变化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2004-2005年热带印度洋(30°S以北)的Argo浮标(自持式海洋剖面观测浮标)温度-盐度剖面观测资料,采用位势密度判据(Δσθ=0.03 kg/m3),针对每个Argo浮标的温度-盐度观测剖面确定了海洋混合层的深度,然后采用Krig插值方法构建了3°×3°空间分辨率的月平均网格化混合层深度产品。通过与已有气候平均混合层深度资料的比较表明了该产品的合理性,在此基础上进一步对热带印度洋海盆尺度的混合层深度空间特征和季节变化规律进行了讨论。研究结果表明,Argo浮标资料可用于热带印度洋混合层变化的研究,为进一步研究热带印度洋海-气相互作用提供了基础资料。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
13.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
14.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
15.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
19.
Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
20.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献