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1.
本文归纳总结了从20世纪60年代以来国外与碳酸岩有关的霓长岩的相关研究成果,主要涉及了岩石学、矿物学和地球化学等方面。与碳酸岩有关的霓长岩是碳酸岩侵位时对围岩交代作用产生的岩石,其主要组成矿物为碱性铁镁矿物和碱性长石等。根据霓长岩与碳酸岩的空间关系、其显微结构及矿物共生组合,可将霓长岩划分为低级、中级和高级不同类型。霓长岩的矿物学研究侧重于对其矿物组成及矿物化学成分的研究,据此可了解交代流体的性质、交代作用时的物理条件并追索流体的来源。在霓长岩化过程中,初生碳酸岩浆逸出的大量碱金属和挥发分进入了围岩中形成霓长岩,因此,通过对霓长岩元素和同位素地球化学的研究,有助于理解初生碳酸岩浆的性质和其地幔来源区特征。 相似文献
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稀土是我国最重要的战略性关键金属之一,碳酸岩型稀土矿床是中国乃至全球稀土资源最主要的来源,这类碳酸岩体周围通常发育霓长岩化围岩蚀变.霓长岩化作用是碳酸岩岩浆出溶的流体与围岩相互作用、并最终形成霓长岩的一类地质作用,它是碳酸岩及相关稀土矿化的重要野外标志.本文从概念模型、分类命名、岩相学特征和组分迁移规律等对霓长岩化作用(及其产物)进行综述,并结合实验岩石学资料以及典型稀土矿床的最新研究成果探讨霓长岩化作用对碳酸岩型稀土矿床成因机制的指示意义.霓长岩化作用通常与角砾岩化作用相伴生,后者是碳酸岩岩浆侵位过程的产物.角砾岩化作用使岩体破裂并产生构造裂隙,为碳酸岩流体的运移和后期稀土矿化提供空间.霓长岩的分类命名较为繁杂且混乱,一般按照碱质含量的不同分为钾质和钠质(以及过渡型)霓长岩.霓长岩中的主要矿物有碱性镁铁质矿物(碱性辉石、碱性角闪石)、碱性长石(钾长石-钠长石系列)和云母族(金云母-黑云母系列)矿物."加碱去硅"是原岩发生霓长岩化作用时最重要的组分迁移特征,但并不是所有类型的原岩均遵循这一规律.此外,最新的实验模拟也表明,碱质是霓长岩化过程中稀土元素得以远距离迁移的关键因素.由于具有较高的温度,霓长岩化作用的发生通常早于(少数情况下同时)稀土矿物的沉淀,因此大规模稀土矿化是叠加于霓长岩化蚀变之上的. 相似文献
3.
稀土是我国最重要的战略性关键金属之一,碳酸岩型稀土矿床是中国乃至全球稀土资源最主要的来源,这类碳酸岩体周围通常发育霓长岩化围岩蚀变.霓长岩化作用是碳酸岩岩浆出溶的流体与围岩相互作用、并最终形成霓长岩的一类地质作用,它是碳酸岩及相关稀土矿化的重要野外标志.本文从概念模型、分类命名、岩相学特征和组分迁移规律等对霓长岩化作用(及其产物)进行综述,并结合实验岩石学资料以及典型稀土矿床的最新研究成果探讨霓长岩化作用对碳酸岩型稀土矿床成因机制的指示意义.霓长岩化作用通常与角砾岩化作用相伴生,后者是碳酸岩岩浆侵位过程的产物.角砾岩化作用使岩体破裂并产生构造裂隙,为碳酸岩流体的运移和后期稀土矿化提供空间.霓长岩的分类命名较为繁杂且混乱,一般按照碱质含量的不同分为钾质和钠质(以及过渡型)霓长岩.霓长岩中的主要矿物有碱性镁铁质矿物(碱性辉石、碱性角闪石)、碱性长石(钾长石-钠长石系列)和云母族(金云母-黑云母系列)矿物."加碱去硅"是原岩发生霓长岩化作用时最重要的组分迁移特征,但并不是所有类型的原岩均遵循这一规律.此外,最新的实验模拟也表明,碱质是霓长岩化过程中稀土元素得以远距离迁移的关键因素.由于具有较高的温度,霓长岩化作用的发生通常早于(少数情况下同时)稀土矿物的沉淀,因此大规模稀土矿化是叠加于霓长岩化蚀变之上的. 相似文献
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近年来全岩电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）和原位激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）微量元素地球化学测试在地球科学领域的应用越来越广泛。霓长岩化是碳酸岩型稀土矿常见的蚀变类型,但其中的蚀变矿物微量元素特征与稀土矿化关系并不清楚。本文对川西牦牛坪矿床两期霓长岩化脉（无矿脉和含矿脉）中的霓辉石、钠铁闪石同时开展ICP-MS和LA-ICP-MS微量元素测试。结果表明：同期次的霓长岩化脉中,霓辉石、钠铁闪石全岩ΣREE含量远高于单矿物原位ΣREE含量,背散射图像显示霓辉石、钠铁闪石矿物中叠加了一些氟碳铈矿、重晶石微矿物。不同期次霓长岩化脉中霓辉石原位微量对比,含矿脉中的霓辉石具有更高的La/Nd值（0.19~0.23）、LREE/HREE值（6.58~7.79）、Ce/Nd值（0.95~1.11）、LaN/YbN值（2.07~2.33）。对比全岩微量组成,含矿脉中高含量的La、Ce、LREE、ΣREE,强烈的轻重稀土分异,可能代表了高稀土通量的霓长岩化流体。霓长岩化脉的出现以及脉体中霓辉石、钠铁闪石这些全岩微量、原位微量地球化学指标,可为碳酸岩型稀土矿床找矿勘查提供参考。 相似文献
5.
川西冕宁-德昌稀土矿带霓长岩的地球化学特征及地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
霓长岩化作用是指碳酸岩(或碱性岩)流体对围岩的交代蚀变,它是碳酸岩型稀土(REE)矿床常见的蚀变类型,其所形成的岩石即为霓长岩。对霓长岩的深入研究可以鉴别碳酸岩体的存在,厘定碳酸岩岩浆(或流体)的地球化学性质及源区特征,这对于找寻碳酸岩相关的矿产资源(尤其是REE)以及剖析矿床成因机制有着重要的地质意义。川西冕宁-德昌稀土矿带是中国最重要的轻稀土矿带之一,包括牦牛坪超大型、大陆槽大型、木落寨和里庄中小型REE矿床以及一系列矿点。REE矿化与碳酸岩-碱性岩杂岩体密切相关,受一系列新生代走滑断裂的控制。该矿带广泛发育霓长岩化蚀变带,尤以大陆槽及里庄矿床为显著。岩相学分析表明,大陆槽和里庄霓长岩中的矿物多呈他形粒状结构,主要由长石、黑云母、霓辉石以及少量副矿物组成;主微量元素分析表明,霓长岩的碱质(K_2O+Na_2O)、MgO、Fe_2O_3T含量较高,且富集REE、Sr、Ba等微量元素;电子探针分析表明,霓长岩中的霓辉石Fe OT含量较高,长石Na_2O及K_2O含量较高,Ca O含量极低。An-Ab-Or三角图解显示长石主要为透长石和钠长石,属碱性长石系列;黑云母的地球化学成分图解表明云母的成因类型为交代型且具有相对富镁、贫铁等特征,属镁质黑云母。霓长岩化作用的交代流体含有较高的CO_2组分,且富含碱质、Mg、Fe及REE、Sr、Ba等元素。对比霓长岩与原岩的主微量元素发现:相比于正长岩原岩,在主量元素中,霓长岩的Fe、Mg、Ca等元素含量增加,Si、Al等元素含量降低;微量元素中,霓长岩的REE及Sr、Ba等元素显著增加。这意味着交代流体含有的Fe_2O_3T、MgO、CaO等组分在霓长岩化过程中被带进了围岩,而SiO_2和Al_2O_3等从围岩中被逐出。大陆槽及里庄矿区发育的角砾岩指示了矿区曾经历过频繁的角砾岩化事件,这提高了霓长岩作用的强度,并且为矿脉的穿插及REE矿物的沉淀提供了空间。在霓长岩化过程中,流体-围岩的组分交换反复发生,这削弱了REE络合物的稳定性,伴随多期次的热液活动及构造事件,最终完成REE活化→迁移→沉淀的过程。 相似文献
6.
四川冕宁牦牛坪稀土矿床地质特征 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
四川牦牛平矿床是世界上最大的稀土矿床之一,该矿床位于攀西裂谷西缘,同位素年龄表明稀土化发育于裂谷期后阶段。矿区内碳酸岩、碱性基性伟晶岩、花岗斑岩、煌斑岩以及辉绿岩岩墙（脉）构成了与矿化有关的碳酸岩杂岩。围绕碳酸岩杂岩广泛发育着霓长岩化,蚀变作用形成的霓长岩具有显显的分带特征,由内向外可分为：钠铁闪石黑云母带、霓石霓辉石带、碎裂带。该矿床具有三种矿石类型：碱性基性伟晶岩型、岩酸岩型和细网脉裂。氟碳铈 相似文献
7.
碱性岩是自然界中分布极少的一类岩石，其起源于富集地幔并与稀有金属矿床伴生，因此是揭示深地物质组成和过程难得的理想研究对象。本文介绍了一些涉及碱性岩的相关概念，着重介绍了与稀有金属(REE-HFSE)成矿最为密切的阿格帕质岩和麦斯克质岩；简要阐述了与成矿相关碱性岩浆的起源、结晶条件和岩浆性质、岩浆动力学过程以及伴生的碳酸岩；列举了一些与碱性岩有关的HFSE-REE矿床的矿物学特征、成矿岩浆过程及岩浆性质，着重介绍了碱性岩(包括碳酸岩)侵入体周围的霓长岩化作用，包括其岩石学特征、规模、空间分带性以及REE-HFSE元素的行为等，以期为这类矿床的勘探工作提供一定的启示。最后就一些碱性岩与REE-HFSE成矿方面值得重视的科学问题提出建议。 相似文献
8.
陕西华阳川碳酸岩地质学和岩石学特征及其成因初探 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文提供了陕西华阳川碳酸岩产状、规模形态、空间分布、围岩蚀变和主要造岩矿物特征,以及相互关系等方面的研究资料,初步论证了华阳川碳酸岩的成因。 相似文献
9.
白云鄂博含矿碱性火山岩建造及其地球化学 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
白云鄂博矿床历经几十年的研究,主要集中在矿区H8岩性段矿化白云岩成因的认识,许多研究显示含矿白云岩是岩浆碳酸岩,本文主要从岩石学和地球化学方面进一步分析其属于火山喷发环境形成的火山碳酸熔岩。H8含矿白云岩段和H9板岩段作为一套含矿岩系主要由含矿白云岩、霓闪钠长岩、钾长板岩3类岩石组成,白云岩和霓闪钠长岩都具有的碎屑结构及角砾状构造、条带构造,显示为火山熔岩和火山碎屑岩特征,而钾长板岩则主要显示致密微晶火山熔岩特征。工业矿物主要是磁铁矿、赤铁矿、稀土矿物和铌铁矿物,其重要特征是出现大量原生赤铁矿,反映岩石氧化系数高,与火山喷发环境一致。霓闪钠长岩、钾长板岩岩石化学显示碱性特征,稀土元素与CaO、F相关系数在0.7以上,并与Fe2O3高氧化物相关,而与硅酸盐矿物组分反相关,表示碳酸岩与稀土成矿密切相关,并显示为表生氧化环境形成。稀土地球化学特征显示白云岩∑REE最高,钾长板岩∑REE最低,相应的岩脉∑REE低于喷发岩。各种岩石均表现为明显的轻重稀土分异,但是以白云岩LREE/HREE比值最大,霓闪钠长岩LREE/HREE比值最小,而纯钠长石岩脉和含稀土磁铁矿LREE/HREE明显高于其他岩石。白云岩和霓闪钠长岩均表现出不同的铕、铈负异常,但是碳酸岩脉和钾长板岩则显示弱正铈异常,霓闪钠长岩和钾长板岩铕异常不明显。矿化白云岩和碳酸岩脉的δ18O、δ13C值介于沉积灰岩与已知碳酸岩的δ18O、δ13C值之间,碳酸岩中白云石的δ18O低于方解石的δ18O,而δ13C高于方解石的δ13C,稀土矿物的δ13C、δ18O与碳酸岩脉δ13C、δ18O接近。归纳这些特征,含矿白云岩与霓闪钠长岩、钾长板岩是碱性火山岩组合,与一系列同期的碳酸岩、霓闪钠长岩碱性岩脉一起,构成一套完整碱性火山岩系。 相似文献
10.
碳酸岩的地质地球化学特征及其大地构造意义 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
从已知碳酸岩的地质产状、岩石学特征、Nd-Sr-Pb-O-C同位素及痕量元素地球化学特征数据,结合高温高压实验岩石学资料,论述了其地幔源区的物质成分、交代过程软流圈地幔部分熔融机制和碳酸岩岩浆的演化模型。碳酸岩既可以产生于拉张岩石圈构造背景,也能够产生于挤压而派生的引张岩石圈构造背景。前者以产于裂谷环境、与硅酸不饱和过碱性岩构成环状碳酸岩—碱性杂岩为特征,主要由起源于软流圈地幔的霞石质超基性—基性岩浆经液态不混溶作用而形成;后者产于碰撞造山过程中派生的引张岩石圈断裂带,以单一的透镜状、条带状和似层状碳酸岩体为标志,直接由导源岩石圈富集地幔的低程度部分熔融作用而产生的碳酸岩浆侵入或喷发所形成。 相似文献
11.
YUAN Zhongxin BAI Ge Institute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Baiwanzhuang Rd. Beijing ZHANG Zongqing Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Baiwanzhuang Rd. Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(2):148-153
Trachytic rock and its altered rock-fenite-in the Bayan Obo ore district, Inner Mongolia, China, were referred to as slate or feldspar rock before, and identified by the authors for the first time (in 1992). In the paper the mineral assemblages, structures and textures and petrochemical compositions of the rocks, as well as the electron microprobe analysis of feldspars in the rocks are described. The Sm-Nd isochron age of the trachytic rock is 1096±56 Ma, with INd=0.51100+4 (2σ) and εNd(t)= -4.4±0.7. Alterations of the trachytic rock, including microclinization, riebeckitization, aegirinization and biotitization, and accompanied rare element and REE mineralizations are discussed. Based on the occurrence of the trachytic rock and associated fenitization it is deduced that the Bayan Obo Fe-Nb-REE ore deposit is genetically related to magmatic-hydrothermal activity of an alkali carbonatite complex. 相似文献
12.
<正>Carbonatites are commonly related to the accumulation of economically valuable substances such as REE.Cu,and P.The debate over the origin of carbonatites and their relationship to associated silicate rocks has been ongoing for about 45 years.Worldwide,the rocks characteristically display more geochemical enrichments in Ba,Sr and REE than sedimentary carbonate rocks.However,carbonatite's geochemical features are disputed because of secondary mineral effects.Rock-forming carbonates from carbonatites at Qinling.Panxi region,and Bayan Obo in China show REE distribution patterns ranging from LREE enrichment to flat patterns.They are characterized by a Sr content more than 10 times higher than that of secondary carbonates.The coarse- and fine-grained dolomites from Bayan Obo H8 dolomite marbles also show similar high Sr abundance,indicating that they are of igneous origin.Some carbonates in Chinese carbonatites show REE(especially HREE) contents and distribution patterns similar to those of the whole rocks.These intrusive carbonatites display lower platinum group elements and stronger fractionation between Pt and Ir relative to high-Si extrusive carbonatite.This indicates that most intrusive carbonatites may be carbonate cumulates.Maoniuping and Daluxiang in Panxi region are large REE deposits.Hydrothermal fluorite ore veins occur outside of the carbonatite bodies and are emplaced in wallrock syenite.The fiuorite in Maoniuping has Sr and Nd isotopes similar to carbonatite.The Daluxiang fiuorite shows Sr and REE compositions different from those in Maoniuping.The difference is reflected by both the carbonatites and rock-forming carbonates,indicating that REE mineralization is related to carbonatites.The cumulate processes of carbonate minerals make fractionated fluids rich in volatiles and LREE as a result of low partition coefficients for REE between carbonate and carbonatite melt and an increase from LREE to HREE.The carbonatite-derived fluid has interacted with wallrock to form REE ore veins.The amount of carbonatite dykes occurring near the Bayan Obo orebodies may support the same mineralization model,i.e.that fluids evolved from the carbonatite dykes reacted with H8 dolomite marble,and thus the different REE and isotope compositions of coarse- and fine-grained dolomite may be related to reaction processes. 相似文献
13.
白云鄂博碳酸岩型REE-Nb-Fe矿床——一个罕见的中元古代破火山机构成岩成矿实例 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
白云鄂博碳酸岩型REE-Nb-Fe矿床是世界上最大的稀土矿床。稀土矿石产于整个白云石碳酸岩体和部分脉状碳酸岩中。对比世界上20余个火成碳酸岩地区的特征后发现,白云鄂博地区完全具备国外火成碳酸岩区的地质特征。在岩石、矿石组合上,本区也发育一套碳酸岩+超基性岩+碱性基性岩(含基性熔岩)+碱性岩+稀土矿石+铁矿石组合;在矿物组合上,以白云石为主,方解石次之,伴生一套碱性闪石、长石、霓石、磷灰石、萤石、磁铁矿、稀土矿物组合;在全岩化学成分、微量元素、稀土元素和Sr、Nd、Pb、C、O同位素上,这些岩石具有一定的亲缘关系,有着共同的来源;在岩体的形态与岩石组构上,它们以岩席、岩筒和脉岩的形式出现,并发育有强烈的熔离作用与流动构造;在区域构造上,发育隐伏穹窿构造、岩筒构造和巨型断裂汇聚构造。综合分析上述特征表明:白云鄂博地区具有中元古代破火山机构的痕迹,赋矿白云石碳酸岩体则是顺层侵入的火成碳酸岩体,东矿、主矿可能是一个火山颈构造控矿,而赋矿白云石碳酸岩体西南侧的苏木图矿床则是隐伏岩筒构造控矿。 相似文献
14.
白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe稀土矿赋矿岩系建造研究评述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
白云鄂博特大型铌、稀土、铁矿床,由于其矿物组成的多样性、地质构造的复杂性、成矿的多期性使之成为一类典型稀土矿床,成为研究稀土矿的天然实验室。尽管已有60多年的开采及研究历史,但其含铁及稀土的矿床建造机制仍具争议。本文通过搜集、整理国内外近几年来发表的有关赋矿岩性(白云岩、富钾板岩、富钠岩石及碳酸岩脉)的研究成果,结合笔者的认识,对各种不同观点进行了对比分析和总结,最终提出了白云鄂博碱性碳酸岩-热水沉积岩系的观点,为白云鄂博稀土矿的研究提供一定的参考价值。 相似文献
15.
白云鄂博超大型REE-Nb-Fe矿床的稀土成矿模式综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
白云鄂博矿床在矿物学、矿床学以及成矿理论等研究中有着极其重要的地位。本文旨在总结前人的研究成果,归纳现有的几种矿床成矿模式及其主要依据,并进行简要分析,以期对白云鄂博矿床成因的进一步研究起到些许作用。 相似文献
16.
Viorica Morogan 《地学学报》1994,6(2):166-176
Ijolite-carbonatite complexes are ubiquitously surrounded of an aureole of metasomatically altered rocks. The process of alteration is termed fenitization and is generally caused by peralkaline fluids emanating from cooling alkaline, i.e. ijolite and carbonatite magmas. Ijolites and carbonatites normally occur together and attempts to determine the source of the fenitizing fluids may therefore lead to controversial, if not erroneous, conclusions.
Mineralogical and chemical data of fenites from Oldoinyo Lengai (Tanzania), Fen (Norway), and Alnö (Sweden) are reviewed in the present paper in order to reveal the main factors controlling the fenitization around ijolite and carbonatite. Despite the overall alkaline nature of the process, variables such as XCO2 of the fluid, activity gradients of SiO2 , Al2 O3 and CaO, FeO/MgO ratio, f O2 and temperature gradients may differ, producing distinctive patterns of fenitization around the two magmatic sources. The ijolitic-type fluid has low XCO2 , high activities of alkalies, SiO2 and Al2 O3 , and low activity of CaO. The f O2 evolves along the hm-mt buffer conditions and the temperature falls gradually with distance from the magmatic source. The carbonatitic-type fluid has high XCO2 , high activities of alkalies and CaO, and low activities of SiO2 and Al2 O3 . Temperatures and f O2 are initially high, but decrease sharply with distance from the source. Moreover, the CO2 -rich fluid may complex and transport the REE. 相似文献
Mineralogical and chemical data of fenites from Oldoinyo Lengai (Tanzania), Fen (Norway), and Alnö (Sweden) are reviewed in the present paper in order to reveal the main factors controlling the fenitization around ijolite and carbonatite. Despite the overall alkaline nature of the process, variables such as XCO
17.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2016,7(3)
Bayan Obo ore deposit is the largest rare-earth element(REE) resource,and the second largest niobium(Nb) resource in the world.Due to the complicated element/mineral compositions and involving several geological events,the REE enrichment mechanism and genesis of this giant deposit still remains intense debated.The deposit is hosted in the massive dolomite,and nearly one hundred carbonatite dykes occur in the vicinity of the deposit.The carbonatite dykes can be divided into three types from early to late:dolomite,co-existing dolomite-calcite and calcite type,corresponding to different evolutionary stages of carbonatite magmatism based on the REE and trace element data.The latter always has higher REE content.The origin of the ore-hosting dolomite at Bayan Obo has been addressed in various models,ranging from a normal sedimentary carbonate rocks to volcano-sedimentary sequence,and a large carbonatitic intrusion.More geochemical evidences show that the coarse-grained dolomite represents a Mesoproterozoic carbonatite pluton and the fine-grained dolomite resulted from the extensive REE mineralization and modification of the coarse-grained variety.The ore bodies,distributed along an E-W striking belt,occur as large lenses and underwent more intense fluoritization and fenitization.The first episode mineralization is characterized by disseminated mineralization in the dolomite.The second or main-episode is banded and/or massive mineralization,cut by the third episode consisting of aegirinerich veins.Various dating methods gave different mineralization ages at Bayan Obo,resulting in long and hot debates.Compilation of available data suggests that the mineralization is rather variable with two peaks at~1400 and 440 Ma.The early mineralization peak closes in time to the intrusion of the carbonatite dykes.A significant thermal event at ca.440 Ma resulted in the formation of late-stage veins with coarse crystals of REE minerals.Fluids involving in the REE-Nb-Fe mineralization at Bayan Obo might be REE-F-C02-NaCI-H20 system.The presence of REE-carbonates as an abundant solid in the ores shows that the original ore-forming fluids are very rich in REE,and therefore,have the potential to produce economic REE ores at Bayan Obo.the Bayan Obo deposit is a product of mantle-derived carbonatitic magmatism at ca.1400 Ma,which was likely related to the breakup of Columbia.Some remobilization of REE occurred due to subduction of the Palaeo-Asian oceanic plate during the Silurian,forming weak vein-like mineralization. 相似文献
18.
The magmatic heritage of carbonatites can be identified on the basis of a combination of geological criteria such as, their mode of occurrence, the nature of associated igneous rocks, the presence of minerals of igneous origin, fenitization, characteristic trace element contents and isotopic composition. Late Proterozoic Samalpatti carbonatites were studied in view of these criteria, and were found to contain metamorphic minerals that normally form under thermal metamorphic conditions and which have unusual chemical compositions. A combination of criteria points clearly to a magmatic origin for these carbonatites. Field relations indicate that the dominant modes of intrusion of carbonatite into the encompassing pyroxenites and syenites include small dykes, veins, or lenses. The igneous nature of these carbonatites has been described elsewhere and chemically they are classified as calico-carbonatites. Currently, very little is known about the metamorphic textures and mineralogy observed in the Samalpatti carbonatites. In this study, several metamorphic minerals are reported including diopside, grossularite, vesuvianite, K-feldspar and wollastonite, and a hornfelsic texture is described. These mineral phases and texture characterize thermal metamorphism under low pressure and high temperature (LP-HT) metamorphic conditions (650°_750°C) or metasomatism aided by hot-fluid advection. The metamorphic nature of minerals reported is also confirmed by electron microprobe study. The Samalpatti carbonatite samples show much lower values of characteristic trace elements (P, Sr, Ba, Zr, Nb, Th, Y and REEs) than average concentrations for magmatic carbonatite. Stable isotopic (d13C and d18O) compositions of Samalpatti carbonatites do not fall in the primary igneous carbonatite (PIC) domain. The petrological and chemical signatures of these carbonatites suggest metasomatism in conjunction with fluid advection. Such a metasomatic process may drastically change the chemistry of the rocks in addition to enrichment of heavier stable isotopes. During this metasomatic process, characteristic elements would be dissolved in the high d18O fluid, and together with Rayleigh fractionation would contribute to enhanced concentrations of 13C and 18O in Samalpatti carbonatites. 相似文献
19.
白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe矿床的富钠岩石类型析及成因分 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
白云鄂博稀土-铌-铁矿是世界最大的稀土多金属矿床之一,主要产于中元古界富钠岩石、白云岩和富钾板岩中。富钠岩石与含矿碳酸岩、富钾板岩一起在白云鄂博广泛分布,特别是在主矿和东矿南侧分布广泛,也产在含矿围岩和底盘围岩中。富钠岩石包括富钠长石岩、含钠闪石钠长岩脉、钠闪石岩脉及钠闪石碳酸岩脉和钠闪石化蚀变白云岩。富钠岩石在一个地质单元内出现,但成分略有不同,其岩石化学分析表现出富钠特征,大部分样品的w(Na2O)在6%以上,w(Na2O+K2O)>8%,w(Na2O)>w(K2O)。富钠长石岩的里特曼指数δ为2.96~8.56,n(A l)/n(K+Na)>1,n(A l)/n(K+Na+Ca)<1,表明为弱碱性偏铝质岩石。富钠岩石以富集地壳不相容元素、亏损地幔元素为特征,其稀土总量低于矿化白云岩,但轻稀土元素高度富集,具弱负铕异常,与含矿白云质火山岩一致。根据岩石产状、组构及化学成分分析,富钠长石岩属于富钠火山岩,而其他含钠闪石岩脉则属于岩浆分异侵入的岩脉与岩浆热液充填岩脉。钠化交代以霓石化、钠铁闪石化和钠长石化出现为特征。另外,富钠流体与白云岩反应形成了钠铁闪石化白云岩,强烈的钠化蚀变作用主要出现在稀土强烈富集的主矿和东矿。比较蚀变与未蚀变岩石的化学成分,表明蚀变作用引起稀土的重新分配和弱负铕异常。钠铁闪石化白云岩的w(S iO2)、w(TiO2)、w(K2O)和w(Na2O)升高,w(P2O5)降低。钠化蚀变前的碳酸岩中稀土元素已经富集,热液蚀变引起稀土元素的活化和重新分配,但是没有提供新的稀土来源。 相似文献