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1.
青藏高原中新生代花岗岩Sr、Nd同位素研究 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
青藏高原中新生代岩浆活动强烈，本文报道青藏高原西部中新生代代表性花岗岩的Sr，Nd同位素测定结果，结合前人已发表的东部地区花岗岩同位素资料，初步探讨了青藏高原地区中新生代花岗岩的Sr，Nd同位素组成、物质来源与成因。研究表明，分布于冈底斯地块北南边界(即冈底斯花岗岩北带和南带)与洋壳俯冲有关的燕山晚期花岗岩，具有低^87Sr／^86Sr初始值(小于0．706)、正εNd(t)值和年轻的t2DM模式年龄的特征，岩浆来源于俯冲洋壳的熔融；与陆-陆碰撞及碰撞后有关的冈底斯花岗岩^87Sr／^86Sr初始值变化大(0．706～0719)，而εNd(t)值和t2DM都在很小范围变化，Sr、Nd同位素组成似乎与时代、岩性无关，说明壳幔混合花岗岩的同位素源区长时期保持相对均一。无洋壳物质参与的通过陆内俯冲作用形成的喜马拉雅区花岗岩，具有高^87Sr/^86Sr初始值(大于0.720)、古老模式t2DM年龄(1792～2206Ma)和低εNd(t)值(-10．3～-16．3)特征，并与基底岩石的Sr，Nd组成一致，岩浆源区为壳源。由此说明花岗岩类及其岩石组合的形成主要取决于深部部分熔融物质的成分，不同火成岩组合的差异反映了青藏高原岩石圈组成和演化的不均一性。 相似文献
2.
福建燕山期高钾钙碱质系列火山岩的地球化学特征岩石成因及构造背景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文主要从本区火山岩的地球化学特性的分析研究,来探讨火山岩的成因,物质来源,形成时的大地构造环境等问题。通过对岩石化学性质的分析研究结果表明,在岩石化学性质上本区火山岩属高钾钙碱性系列的以英安岩、流纹岩及其相应的碎屑熔岩、熔结凝灰岩为主的造山带的岩石组合类型.对大离子亲石元素中K/Rb比值,稀土元素的总量及LREE/HREE比值(La/Lu)N及Eu/Sm比值的分析研究表明本套火山岩属活动大陆边缘型造山带的岩石组合类型。锶初始值(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值)的研究暗示出本套火山岩组合的岩浆的物质来源在东部沿海地区为幔壳混源型,向西部内陆逐渐变为下部地壳重熔型岩浆.其形成机制与当时太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块之下俯冲有着内在的成生联系. 相似文献
3.
赣东北地区早白垩世火山岩的Nd,Sr同位素地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
赣东北早白垩世处于陆内造山环境向陆内拉张环境过渡的过渡性构造环境，形成了一套富碱的火山岩组合。Nd,Sr同位素特征显示，酸性岩石具有较高的εSr(T)值与较低的εNd(T)值，其N^87Sr/N^86Sr初始比值为0.71020与0.71050，上壳端员组分介于67％－50％之间，表明其源区处于地壳中较深的位置，且有地幔流体的加入。玄武质岩石具有较高的εSr(T)值与负的εNd(T)值，其N^87Sr/N^86Sr初始比值为0.7063-0.7087，玄武质岩石在其形成过程中遭受过壳源岩浆的混合或大陆地壳物质的混染。 相似文献
4.
东天山小石头泉铜多金属矿区火山岩-次火山岩地球化学与成矿构造背景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小石头泉铜多金属矿位于新疆哈密市东北200km,在区域地质构造上处于东天山哈尔里克岛弧东段。本文主要对矿区火山岩的主量、微量元素及同位素组成进行测试和研究。含矿岩石以流纹斑岩、英安岩、英安斑岩为主,SiO_2含量为51.96%～72.58%,Na_2O K_2O 为3.1%～7.73%,计算里特曼指数σ<3.3,显示具有钙碱性岩的特征;稀土元素配分形式为轻稀土相对富集,其中英安岩 Eu 负异常比安山岩更为明显,说明源区有斜长石的残留或岩浆演化经历了结晶分异作用;微量元素具有典型的岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征,如 Ta、Nb、Ti 等元素较板内火山岩的明显亏损;岩石初始锶(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i 平均值为0.7043,εNd(t)为4.7,反映火山岩形成源区以幔源为主,混有部分壳源物质。以上岩石地球化学研究结果表明,该区火山岩形成于火山岛弧环境。通过与东天山大南湖岛弧火山岩对比,发现两地区的同时代火山岩地球化学属性存在一定差异,大南湖岛弧火山岩区以发育 Adakite 岩为特征,而哈尔里克岛弧缺少Adakite 岩,可能反映该区火山岩的形成与部分熔融的洋壳交代地幔楔有关。本文认为小石头泉地区为典型火山岛弧环境,有利于火山热液型多金属矿床的形成。 相似文献
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北大别晚中生代火山岩的地球化学特征及对北大别构造属性的启示 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
北大别沙村地区发育一套由石英安山岩、粗面岩、粗面斑岩、晶屑凝灰熔岩和凝灰岩组成的晚中生代火山岩系,其K/Ar年龄变化于144～136 Ma。该火山岩系属偏铝质—弱过铝质高钾钙碱性岩石,LILE和LREE富集,Nb-Ta亏损明显,ε(Nd,t)=-18.73～-24.15,Ni(~(87)Sr)/Ni(~(86)Sr)=0.707 0～0.708 5。具有与北淮阳毛坦厂组火山岩(150～135 Ma)一致的元素-同位素地球化学特征。其元素-同位素变化主要受控于源区差异,岩浆源自10％～20％扬子陆块下地壳物质加入的富集岩石圈地幔。北大别与北淮阳构造带晚中生代火山岩有着相似的岩浆源区,暗示华北—扬子陆块俯冲碰撞的岩石圈边界可能并不与晓天—磨子潭断裂壳内缝合线叠合,而可能在水吼—五河断裂或其以南。 相似文献
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大兴安岭根河地区早白垩世火山岩深部源区与构造-岩浆演化:Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素地球化学制约 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：8
北大兴安岭根河地区发育大面积晚中生代火山岩,是大兴安岭中生代火山岩的重要组成部分.本文通过年代学(火山岩基质40Ar/39Ar年龄和SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄)测定,发现该区火山岩年龄为140～100Ma,属早白垩世火山岩.通过根河西岸早白垩世火山岩剖面的岩石学和地球化学研究,认为根河早白垩世发生了三次大的火山喷发活动.火山岩剖面下部和上部主要为碱性的中基性-基性火山岩,剖面中部主要为一套碱性-亚碱性过渡性质的中酸性、酸性火山岩组合.该剖面下部和上部的基性、中基性火山岩具有相似的地球化学特征,显示高Al2O3、K2O和全碱含量,较高的Mgo和Mg#值;LREE富集、LREE和HREE分馏较强、Eu异常不明显,富集LILE而亏损HFSE元素,尤其强烈亏损Nb和Ta元素;(87Sr/86Sr)I-εNd(t)和εNd(t)-εHf(t)图解表现出地幔源区特征.而剖面中部的中酸性火山岩与剖面上和下部的基性火山岩具有相似的地球化学特征,不同的是MgO含量和Mg#较低,Ti、Sr和Ba元素亏损明显,负Eu异常明显,以及初始(87Sr/86Sr)I值较高.地球化学特征表明,基性和中基性火山岩均反映陆内伸展环境和陆缘弧火山岩的一些特征,这种特性可能与该区火山岩浆源于受古生代俯冲洋壳流体交代的地幔楔有关.火山岩浆演化以分离结晶作用为主要方式,上升过程基本未受地壳物质混染.结合最新资料,我们认为根河地区早白垩世火山岩形成于古亚洲洋向滨太平洋过渡阶段,是蒙古-鄂霍茨克海造山后伸展和西太平洋板块俯冲共同作用的产物. 相似文献
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福建晚侏罗世两条性质不同的巨型火山岩带 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
晚侏罗世为福建火山活动的鼎盛时期，形成两条巨型火山岩带，即沿涨带和仙霞岭带。据其产出的构造环境，火山活动特点和岩石学，地球化学等特征，推测沿海带火山岩与太平洋板块向北西消碱作用有关，为陆缘造山带壳幔混合源岩浆之产物；仙霞岭带则与江山－绍兴对接带中段复活活动有关，可视为陆－陆碰撞造山带壳源重熔岩浆演化的产物。 相似文献
8.
胶东半岛三佛山高Ba—Sr花岗岩成因 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
胶东半岛三佛山岩体是昆嵛山杂岩体的重要组成部分，其岩性主要由二长花岗岩组成，位于苏鲁超高压碰撞带与胶东陆块之间的缝合带中。岩石化学特点具高钾钙碱性岩石系列特征，岩体为准铝Ⅰ型花岗岩，并具有高Ba—Sr花岗岩的岩石地球化学特征，即高Ba、Sr含量，高Sr／Y、La／Yb、K／Rb值，低Y（〈13μg／g）、Yb（1．8μg／g）、Rb／Sr比值（平均为0．33），弱的Eu负异常，亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素。根据该岩体岩石地球化学特征、包体岩石学特征，并结合前人对高Ba—sr花岗岩成因研究成果，笔者认为该岩体可能是幔源基性岩浆与地壳熔融的酸性端元混合而成。混合后的岩浆没有明显的长石和云母类矿物的结晶分异作用，混合岩浆最大温度在750-800℃左右。酸性岩浆的源区以石榴子石＋辉石＋角闪石＋斜长石的残留为特征。残留相物质组成特征暗示源区应位于壳幔边界，深度30km土，结合早期形成的昆嵛山二长花岗岩源区深度大于40km这一现象，表明胶东地区中生代岩石圈减薄作用在110Ma达到最大，地壳厚度恢复至正常厚度。 相似文献
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青藏高原拉萨地块碰撞-后碰撞岩浆作用的三种类型及其对大陆俯冲和成矿作用的启示：Sr-Nd同位素证据 总被引：19，自引：13，他引：19
青藏高原拉萨地块是揭示印度与亚洲大陆碰撞的最重要的地区之一,其中广泛发育的碰撞-后碰撞岩浆作用记录了这一地区从特提斯洋俯冲消减到印度大陆陆内俯冲的全过程.本文基于对最新的Sr-Nd同位素资料的分析,从高原岩石圈的三种主要地球化学端元入手,分析了拉萨地块碰撞-后碰撞岩浆作用的类型及其在大陆俯冲与成矿作用方面的意义.青藏高原岩石圈可以分为三种主要的地球化学端元,一是青藏高原北部地球化学省（包括羌塘、可可西里和西昆仑）代表的青藏原始岩石圈地幔地球化学端元,42Ma以来在高原北部广泛分布的钾质岩浆岩的Nd-Sr同位素成分比较均一和稳定,同位素比值的范围较窄,^87Sr/^86Sr=0.707101～0.710536,εNd=-2～-9,tDM=0.7～1.3Ga;二是雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩代表的新特提斯洋地幔端元,^87Sr/^86Sr=0.703000～0.706205,εNd=＋7.8～＋10,呈印度洋型MORB特征,属于印度洋型地幔域;三是喜马拉雅带地壳基底和花岗岩类显示的喜马拉雅地壳地球化学端元,εNd=-12～-25,^87Sr/^86Sr=0.733110～0.760000,具相对古老的Nd模式年龄,tDM=1.9～2.9Ga.拉萨地块碰撞-后碰撞岩浆作用可以划分出三种地球化学类型,即拉萨地块原地型、亲特提斯洋型和亲喜马拉雅型.这三种岩浆作用类型受控于上述三种地球化学端元在其源区的比例及相互作用.其中,拉萨地块原地型与青藏高原北部地球化学省特征一致,亲特提斯洋型代表了与新特提斯洋俯冲消减及其后的再循环有关的岩浆作用,亲喜马拉雅型岩浆岩的Sr-Nd同位素特征则可能指示了喜马拉雅大陆地壳端元的参与.超钾质火山岩是揭示印度大陆岩石圈向北俯冲的重要证据,印度大陆岩石圈俯冲作用可能同时控制了超钾质岩石和盐类矿床的产出,古老地壳物质作为源区参与了超钾质岩石和盐类矿床的成岩与成矿作用.拉萨地块中部地区的含矿斑岩属于亲特提斯洋型岩浆作用,因此具亲特提斯洋型特征的火山岩、浅成斑岩和深成侵入岩,是进一步寻找铜、钼、金矿床的重要目标. 相似文献
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西藏当雄羊应乡地热田新生代火山岩特征及其成因探讨 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文首次较全面系统地研究了西藏当雄羊应乡地区与地热田有关的火山岩的岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、岩石化学稀土微量元素等方面的特征,并根据这些特征及同位素年代学的方法和地层构造关系,把滨区新生代火山岩划分为4个喷发期,确定其喷发类型、规模、喷发旋回及岩相特征。通过现代岩石学的研究方法及理论分析,讨论该区火山岩的成因,并确定其岩浆并非原生岩浆,而是派生岩浆。采用了Stormer和Nicholls(1978)提出的主要元素质量平衡原理,进一步计算了派生岩浆演化的特点。通过(?)Sr/(?)"Sr的初始比值的研究,认为本区火山岩浆是来源于壳源下相当于辉长岩质成分的部分熔融结果。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
19.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献