共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The article presents information on the current experiment of research on wind wave parameters in the Black Sea coastal zone. Two wave-meter devices are the part of the measuring equipment of the Black Sea testing site Gelendzhik of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (IO RAS). The integral characteristics of wind waves accumulated and obtained in real time may be in demand by experts in operational and satellite oceanography.
相似文献2.
G. K. Korotaev Yu. B. Ratner M. V. Ivanchik A. L. Kholod A. M. Ivanchik 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(5):542-549
The automatic system of operational forecasting of the Black Sea state which functions at the Marine Hydrophysical Institute is presented. Principles of the system construction are considered; the marine environment models used for forecasting, the data streams required for the system functioning, and tools for validating and visualizing the results of sea-state calculations are described. Some examples of investigating a number of processes and phenomena in the Black Sea are given. 相似文献
3.
中国物理海洋学研究70年:发展历程、学术成就概览 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
魏泽勋 郑全安 杨永增 刘克修 徐腾飞 王凡 胡石建 谢玲玲 李元龙 杜岩 周磊 林霄沛 胡建宇 朱建荣 李均益 张正光 侯一筠 刘泽 田纪伟 黄晓冬 管玉平 刘志宇 杨庆轩 赵玮 宋振亚 刘海龙 董昌明 于卫东 连涛 陈朝晖 史久新 雷瑞波 刘煜 于福江 尹宝树 陈戈 王岩峰 李整林 熊学军 汪嘉宁 李晓峰 王永刚 《海洋学报》2019,41(10):23-64
本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的“普遍风浪谱”和“涌浪谱”,发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了“准调和分析方法”和“潮汐潮流永久预报”等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了“棉兰老潜流”,揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了“南海内波潜标观测网”,实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流“边缘不稳定”的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模 型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军。 相似文献
4.
A. N. Lukyanova A. V. Bagaev V. A. Ivanov V. B. Zalesny 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(6):624-631
The Black Sea shelf is a region of intense manifestation of various dynamical processes. Under the influence of different natural forces, eddy-wave phenomena develop here, which influence the general circulation of sea waters, biological productivity, and the condition of the engineering structures. Modern numerical models allow us to simulate and analyze the processes of the joint dynamics of marine circulation and large-scale waves. In this work, we study the spatiotemporal spectral characteristics of the sea level and velocity fluctuations formed due to atmospheric forcing and tidal potential. The hydrophysical fields are calculated using the Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences (INM RAS), σ model based on primitive equations. We use the CORE data as atmospheric forcing at the sea surface; the tidal potential is described by the semidiurnal lunar constituent M2. Analyzing the simulation results makes it possible to emphasize that accounting for the semidiurnal tidal potential not only improves the accuracy of the sea-level calculation at coastal stations, but also generates subinertial baroclinic oscillations previously found in the Black Sea from the data of in situ observations. 相似文献
5.
lCo~nofthe"booarePhicAtheoftheYthewsa"TheOceanographicAtlasoftheYellowSeahasbeencompiledbyChineseandKoreanscientistsbasedmainlyondataobtainedbyl992surveysandthoseaccumu-latedduringthepastyears,particularlythoseofl958-l988inphysicaloceanography,aswel1asthoseobtainedbytheChinesesideintheperiodl958-l959inmarinecheAnstryandbiology,andnewdataofrecenttenyearsinfisheryproductionbybothcountries-TheAtlasconsistsof5mainparts:(l)Marinegeologychartset,(2)Physicaloceanographychartset,(3)Marinechendst… 相似文献
6.
中国科学院海洋研究所是从一个海洋生物实验室发展起来的综合性海洋研究机构,生物海洋学的理念、科学内涵、科学视野、生物海洋学对海洋科学发展的推动作用等在海洋研究所的发展历程中得到完美体现,生物海洋学也一直伴随整个研究所的壮大而不断发展。在中国科学院海洋研究所成立70周年之际,从生物海洋学角度回顾研究所发展历程,将会加深我们对海洋科学不同学科间的相互关系、相互配合、学科交叉、融合发展的意义的理解,对海洋科学未来发展起到积极推动作用。 相似文献
7.
V. F. Kozlov 《Physical Oceanography》1995,6(1):25-34
This paper reviews the works on vortical patch dynamics, carried out at the Pacific Oceanological Institute, the Russian Academy of Sciences, from 1983 to 1992, as applied to dynamic oceanography modelling. Quasi-geostrophic barotropic and baroclinic models, plane gravitational axisymmetric models, and models considering entrainment effects, are examined.Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin. UDK 551.465.11. 相似文献
8.
Development of means and methods of drifter technology applied to the problem of the Black Sea research 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
During the last ten years, autonomous drifting platforms for data collection (drifters) equipped with Argos satellite communication devices have become one of the main components for the observation system in the upper layer of the ocean and surface atmosphere. This article presents the results of the Black Sea drifter monitoring in 2002–2006 within a number of international programs and projects. During this period, about 70 drifters manufactured by NPF Marlin-Yug Ltd. (Sevastopol, Ukraine) were deployed in the western part of the Black Sea. The drifters were mainly standard barometric Lagrangian tracers and a part of them were principally new temperature profiling buoys. Unique long-term data were obtained about the circulation of the surface currents and the dynamics of the temperature stratification within the seasonal thermocline and the cold intermediate layer. 相似文献
9.
This work is based upon results of interpretation of about 8872 km-long regional seismic lines acquired in 2011 within the international project Geology Without Limits in the Black Sea. The seismic lines cover nearly the entire Black Sea Basins, including Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, Romania and Bulgaria sectors. A new map of acoustic basement relief and a new tectonic structure scheme are constructed for the Black Sea Basins. The basement of the Black Sea includes areas with oceanic crust and areas with highly rifted continental crust. A chain of buried seamounts, which were interpreted as submarine volcanoes of Late Cretaceous (Santonian to Campanian) age, has been identified to the north of the Turkish coast. On the Shatsky Ridge, probable volcanoes of Albian age have also been recognized. Synorogenic turbidite sequences of Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene ages have been mapped. In the Cenozoic, numerous compressional and transpressional structures were formed in different parts of the Black Sea Basin. During the Pleistocene–Quaternary, turbidites, mass-transport deposits and leveed channels were formed in the distal part of the Danube Delta. 相似文献
10.
The paper discusses mathematical simulation of intensive coastal upwelling observed in the northeastern part of the Black Sea in the water area of the hydrophysical test site of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, in September 2013. The simulation was carried out with the MIKE 21/3 Coupled Model FM combined hydrodynamic model of the Danish Hydraulics Institute (DHI). The calculation results are compared with the data of direct instrumental observations carried out in the IO RAS hydrophysical survey area. The essential role of surface wind waves in the formation of the observed temperature profiles is demonstrated, as well as the necessity of taking it into account when considering peculiarities in the vertical circulation of coastal waters. 相似文献
11.
A. G. Ostrovskii A. G. Zatsepin V. A. Derevnin S. S. Nizov S. G. Poyarkov A. L. Tsybulskiy D. A. Shvoev 《Oceanology》2008,48(2):275-283
The design and application of the Akvazond moored automatic water profiling system is described. The system was developed at the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The system is designed for multidisciplinary oceanological studies and environmental monitoring on the sea shelves and continental slopes. An autonomous carrier (marine elevator) for different oceanic measuring equipment was developed for the first time in the practice of Russian oceanography. It is a carrier, for example, for an acoustic Doppler current meter, a CTD-profiler, a sensor of dissolved oxygen, a fluorometer, a turbidity meter, etc. The Akvazond system has an energy resource sufficient for profiling the water column in the programming regime for up to several months. The total length of the vertical displacement of the system at a nominal capacity of the power supply reaches 200 km. The main results of the field tests of the Akvazond and preliminary scientific results of its application are presented on the basis of the results of the Black Sea-2006 expedition. 相似文献
12.
The methodology of regional remote monitoring of the ocean on the basis of complex largescale studies carried out by the Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea in 1987–1988 is considered. The collection of controlled parameters, ground facilities, methods of collecting and processing of satellite and subsatellite data, and features in the compilation of composition maps of the sea surface radiation temperature are discussed.Translated by Mikahil M. Trufanov. 相似文献
13.
In this article, we present the latest version of an ensemble forecasting system of the hydrodynamics of the Black Sea, based on the GHER model. The system includes the Weakly Constrained Ensembles algorithm to generate random, but physically balanced perturbations to initialize members of the ensemble. On top of initial conditions, the ensemble accounts also for uncertainty on the atmospheric forcing fields, and on some scalar parameters such as river flows or model diffusion coefficients. The forecasting system also includes the Ocean Assimilation Kit, a sequential data assimilation package implementing the SEEK and Ensemble Kalman filters. A novel aspect of the forecasting system is that not only our best estimate of the future ocean state is provided, but also the associated error estimated from the ensemble of models. The primary goal of this paper is to quantitatively show that the ensemble variability is a good estimation of the model error, regardless of the magnitude of the forecast errors themselves. In order for this estimation to be meaningful, the model itself should also be well validated. Therefore, we describe the model validation against general circulation patterns. Some particular aspects critical for the Black Sea circulation are validated as well: the mixed layer depth and the shelfopen sea exchanges. The model forecasts are also compared with observed sea surface temperature, and errors are compared to those of another operational model as well. 相似文献
14.
《Oceanologica Acta》2002,25(2):101-116
Dependency of major hydrophysical/chemical features of highly stratified basins on density surfaces in the vertical makes isopycnic models an attractive tool for simulating the dynamics of marginal marine environments such as the Black Sea because of the ability of these models to restrict vertical transport to some desirable degree. In the present work the seasonal variations of the subsurface dynamics of the Black Sea are investigated using an isopycnic model. Particular attention is given to the interfaces of the Cold intermediate layer and Suboxic layer and finally, the deep layer circulation in the basin is studied. It appears that although the depth range of the base of the Cold intermediate layer and the lower Soboxic layer interface do not change seasonally, their horizontal distribution is defined by the upper layer dynamics of the basin. Cyclonic surface circulation diminishes with increasing depth and the deep layer circulation is characterised by an anti-cyclonic rim current driven by density gradients created from river runoff and the influx of Mediterranean water. 相似文献
15.
On the basis of the data array of detailed echosounding surveys carried out from the research vessels of the Marine Hydrophysical
Institute of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences and other institutions and the corresponding cartographic materials,
we perform the numerical analyses of the morphometric characteristics of the bottom topography of the northwest shelf of the
Black Sea and the underwater margin of the Crimea. We reveal the specific features of the main types of morphological structures
and analyze the values of the bottom slopes and the vertical and horizontal ruggednesses of the bottom. The ruggedness of
the bottom has a low-frequency character reflecting a noticeable smoothness of the topography. The large regional structures
of the surrounding land represented by the East-European platform and the Crimean-Caucasian orogen directly affect the formation
of topography in the analyzed region. The agreement between the contemporary digital data arrays on the bottom topography
and the data of echosounding surveys in the Black Sea is estimated. 相似文献
16.
Regional deep seismic sounding—refracted wave seismic profiles across the Sea of Azov, the Caspian, and the Black seas carried out by the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 1957–2002 with the use ocean bottom seismographs—provided information on the deep structure of the regions studied. Multichannel seismic profiling helped to refine the structure of the sedimentary cover. A combined interpretation of the reflection and refraction data allowed us to construct structural-lithological models of the southern seas of Russia and to estimate their oil and gas potential. 相似文献
17.
中国近海现场海洋观测系统设计评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国科学院正在发展一个在中国近海(包括黄海、东海和南海)现场海洋观测系统。观测系统包括3个沿岸观测站点、4个近海离岸浮标和由观测船只按固定航线做的船舶观测断面。观测站点、浮标和断面的位置已经预先确定,这个计划在2008-2011实施。利用基于卡尔曼理论的样本集合方法对这样一个能够监测大尺度的季节和年季变率的观测系统设计进行了评估。根据卡尔曼滤波理论,用集合样本的方法能够给出经过同化这个观测系统位置的观测资料后能够减少多少分析误差和分析场的不确定性。用2个来自不同模式、不同分辨率的模式的结果作为集合样本来计算静态的背景误差协方差,这2套样本分别是来自分辨率是0.5°×0.5°的模式同化结果和高分辨0.125°×0.125°的模式结果。由这2个不同资料得到的结果是一致的。发现来自3个近岸和4个离岸浮标得到的观测能够有效地减少SST在渤海、黄海、东海和南海中部的分析误差。然而在越南东部和台湾东部海域,分析误差减少的百分比相对要小。最后,给出了中国近海最优的观测位置序列设计。 相似文献
18.
The data array accumulated for the period 1946–1995 is used to select the most significant predictor of monthly anomalies of precipitation in the region of the Ukraine and Black Sea, namely, a large-scale circulation in a sector covering the North Atlantic and Europe. Three large-scale predictors (geopotential at a level of 500GPa, sea-level pressure, and the difference between the geopotentials at levels of 500 and 1000GPa) give almost identical results: their correlation with anomalies of precipitation is equal to 0.7–0.8 in winter and 0.4–0.5 in summer. The predominant mechanism of the influence of circulation on precipitations at low frequencies is the response of the trajectories of European cyclones to changes in the upper-tropospheric jet currents in the Atlantic-European sector described as the superposition of the North-Atlantic oscillation and the Eurasian mode. The decomposition of the fields of precipitations and circulation in the eigenmodes of the canonical correlation analysis opens a possibility of direct computation of the monthly average fields of precipitations for the entire territory of the Ukraine and Black Sea region according to the large-scale geopotential fields. 相似文献
19.
季风驱动下的南海海洋动力过程有着季节性的多尺度变化特征, 显著影响南海海洋生态系统的演化进程。海洋细菌作为海洋生态系统中物质循环和能量流动的重要组成部分, 对环境变化和海洋多尺度动力过程有着积极的响应。将微生物生态过程与海洋动力过程相结合, 研究微生物的群落结构、动态变化及其与海洋环境过程的耦合, 是目前国际海洋科学多学科交叉研究的热点之一。文章以国家自然科学基金重点项目“季风环流影响下的南海海洋细菌多样性特征及其生物海洋学意义”的主要研究成果为基础, 从南海北部上升流、海洋锋面、中尺度涡旋、次中尺度过程及其对海洋细菌多样性和生态系统可能的影响等几个方面, 探讨当前的研究进展和初步研究成果。 相似文献
20.
V. B. Zalesnyi A. V. Gusev V. I. Agoshkov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(3):277-293
We present a numerical model of Black Sea circulation based on primitive equations with improved spatial resolution in the coastal zone. The model equations are formulated in a two-pole orthogonal coordinate system with arbitrary locations of the poles and a vertical σ coordinate. Increased horizontal resolution is gained by displacing the pole into the vicinity of the separated subdomain. The problem is solved over a grid with a variable step. The northern coordinate pole is displaced to the vicinity of Gelendzhik; the grid step varies from 150 m in the coastal zone to 4.6 km in the main basin. We simulated the fields of currents, sea level, temperature, and salinity under the given atmospheric forcing in 2007. The model is capable of reproducing the large-scale Black Sea circulation and submesoscale variations in the coastal currents. 相似文献