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1.
The origin of PGEeCueNi sulfide deposits of Norilsk and Talnakh located in the northwest
flank of the Triassic basalt trap formation of Siberia is considered. It is shown that ore elements of these
deposits (probably, except Fe) are derived from the crust rather than from the mantle. They entered the
basalts owing to a remobilization (recycling) of ore elements from the Paleoproterozoic sediments and
from the rocks of the Siberian platform’s basement. Prospecting criteria for similar deposits are as
follows: (1) a presence of a large Paleoproterozoic aulacogen and a related magmatic sulfide CueNi
mineralization; (2) a confinement of perspective areas to troughs associated with long-lived deep fault
zones; (3) association with mobile orogenic belts, island-arc systems and tectonomagmatic activation
zones; (4) temporal association with boundaries of global periods characterized by active processes of
continental breakup and large-scale trap magmatism. A combination of several factors (the first one is
obligatory) is favorable for the discovery of a large ore body. 相似文献
2.
金、铜、铅、锌(银)矿是辽宁地区的优势矿种,过去和现在都曾从多个不同角度或多个方面予以研究论述,但从成矿系列理论研究则是作者(1994)在Ⅱ轮区划工作中所做的一种新的尝试。根据程裕淇先生的成矿系列理论,辽宁地区早前寒武纪变质岩系中的金、铜、铅、锌(银)矿床属变质成矿系列组合,可进一步划分为三个成矿系列,六个成矿亚系列,九个矿床(种)类型和十二个矿床式。成矿系列特征表明成矿物质与原岩的含矿性关系非常密切,成矿物质或元素具有随原岩建造时空演化而演化的特点,成矿具有鲜明的专属性和层控性,是典型或比较典型的层控变质矿床。金矿床的形成和分布均与韧性剪切带及其糜棱岩有关,表明辽宁前寒武纪金矿床的形成不仅与变质作用有关,而且韧性剪切作用也是极其重要的成矿条件;铜、锌(银)和铅、锌(银)矿床以块状硫化物型为主,其成矿多与火山作用关系十分密切,变质作用过程中,发生重就位或再富集,或热液交代富集成矿。由太古宙至早元古代不同成矿系列或成矿亚系列中的矿床具有自下而上有序的空间分布规律。 相似文献
3.
沉积硫化物矿层形成的构造地球化学机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在还原性海底水域中,厌氧细菌引起的还原作用提供了沉淀剂S~（2-）。这种作用控制着同生硫化物相的形成。盆地中古构造运动形成的沉降—堆积弱补偿状态是硫化物矿物富集的一种有利条件。在此情况下,硫化物层不受非矿物质的稀释。某些层控矿床的地质和地球化学资料证明,陆缘构造拗陷带的潮下海湾和泻湖相构成一种使陆源成矿元素聚集成矿床的“地球化学阱”。 相似文献
4.
Isotope geochemistry of the mafic dikes from the Vazante nonsulfide zinc deposit, Brazil 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M. Babinski L.V.S. Monteiro A.H. Fetter J.S. Bettencourt T.F. Oliveira 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2005,18(3-4):293-304
The Vazante Group, located in the northwestern part of Minas Gerais, hosts the most important zinc mine in Brazil, the Vazante Mine, which represents a major known example of a hypogene nonsulfide zinc deposit. The main zinc ore is represented by willemite and differs substantially from other deposits of the Vazante-Paracatu region, which are sulfide-dominated zinc-lead ore. The age of the Vazante Group and the hosted mineralization is disputable. Metamorphosed mafic dikes (metabasites) that cut the metasedimentary sequence and are affected by hydrothermal processes recently were found and may shed light on the geochronology of this important geological unit. Zircon crystals recovered from the metabasites are xenocrystic grains that yield U–Pb conventional ages ranging from 2.1 to 2.4 Ga, so the basement of the Vazante Group is Paleoproterozoic or has metasedimentary rocks whose source area was Paleoproterozoic. Pb isotopes determined for titanite separated from the metabasites have common, nonradiogenic Pb compositions, which prevents determination of their crystallization age. However, the Pb signatures observed for the titanite crystals are in agreement with those determined for galena from the carbonate-hosted Zn–Pb deposits hosted by the Vazante Group, including galena from minor sulfide ore bodies of the Vazante deposit. These similarities suggest that the metalliferous fluids that affected the metabasites may have been those responsible for galena formation, which could imply a similar lead source for both nonsulfide and sulfide zinc deposits in the Vazante–Paracatu district. This common source could be related to deep-seated, basin-derived, metalliferous fluids associated with a long-lived hydrothermal system related to diagenesis and deformation of the Vazante Group during the Neoproterozoic. 相似文献
5.
Zahra BONYADI 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(6):2040-2055
Although the Mehdiabad zinc-lead deposit is one of the most well-known deposits in the central Iran structural zone, the genesis of the deposit remains controversial. The host rock of the ore is a dolomitic limestone of the Lower Cretaceous Taft Formation. In the two main orebodies of the deposit, which includes the Black Hill and East Ridge ore zones, the oxide and sulfide ores are observed at the surface and at depth, respectively. The elements Zn, Fe, Mn and Mg are more abundant in the East Ridge ore zone (in both sulfide and oxide ores), with Ba, Pb, Ag and Cu being more abundant in the Black Hill oxide ore. Based on the distribution of elements and their correlation with each other in these ore zones, the elements are divided into three general groups, that of terrigenous elements, chemically-deposited elements and ore-forming (hydrothermally deposited) elements, a division that is supported by the results of factor analyses. The spatial distribution of elements is jointly affected by contact with host rocks, the boundary of oxide-sulfide ores and fault zones. The main factors governing the distribution of elements are the mechanical transfer of detrital sediments, chemical sedimentation, transfer by hydrothermal fluids, oxidation and surface dissolution, all of which affected the spatial distribution of elements. The ore-forming elements are mostly affected by hydrothermal fluids and oxidation. This study not only provides additional information about the genesis of the Mehdiabad deposit, but also could assist in the exploitation of ore and further exploration purposes. The results of this study can aid in the exploration and exploitation of the Mehdiabad deposit and similar deposits in the region. 相似文献
6.
我国一些铜镍硫化物矿床主要金属矿物的特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
镍、铜共生的铜镍硫化物矿床是镍矿也是铜矿的重要矿床类型。磁黄铁矿，镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿是这类矿床的主要金属矿物。它们的某些矿物学特征，特别是微量元素Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ比值，与其他铜矿类型明显不同，这三种矿物组成不同于任何其他铜矿类型的典型矿物共生组合， 形成特殊的海绵损铁状、球滴状构造。 相似文献
7.
A series of vanadium oxides—shcherbinaite, karelianite, kyzylkumite, coulsonite, and berdesinskiite—was found in association
with pyrrhotite in pyrite-pyrrhotite ore from the Paleoproterozoic Vihanti massive sulfide deposit of the Kuroko-type. It
is suggested that enrichment in vanadium of massive sulfide ore from the Vihanti deposit is a result of their metamorphogenic
regeneration and pyrrhotinization at the expense of rocks and ore enriched in vanadium. The list of rare minerals in massive
sulfide ore has been extended. 相似文献
8.
东昆仑志留纪辉长岩地球化学特征及与铜镍成矿关系探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
东昆仑造山带新发现的夏日哈木超大型岩浆铜镍矿床、石头坑德大型岩浆铜镍矿床及冰沟南小型岩浆铜镍矿床,其矿体均赋存于橄榄辉石岩内,而辉长岩又是该含矿橄榄辉石岩的直接围岩,并且辉长岩的形成时代相近(夏日哈木辉长岩431Ma、石头坑德辉长岩425Ma、冰沟南辉长岩427Ma),产出位置属于同一大的构造单元,均邻近昆北及昆中断裂。通过对辉长岩的地球化学特征研究,发现明显富集轻稀土元素和明显的Nb-Ta负异常,亏损高场强元素。Sr-Nd同位素研究,表明东昆仑夏日哈木和石头坑德辉长岩岩体的母岩浆来自一个曾经被交代富集的地幔源区,可能揭示了由于从洋壳释放出的流体交代地幔楔的岩石成因。结合区域构造演化和辉长岩形成时代,认为东昆仑夏日哈木和石头坑德辉长岩形成于碰撞后伸展环境。辉长岩岩浆源区性质与赋矿辉石岩存在明显不同,并非同一岩浆活动的产物。辉长岩在东昆仑造山带地区直接充当了含矿辉石岩的直接围岩,与岩浆铜镍硫化物矿体的形成没有关系,富含橄榄石的超镁铁质岩石更有利于形成具有较大经济价值的铜镍矿体。这为指导东昆仑找矿实践和岩浆铜镍矿床成矿理论研究提供了基础。 相似文献
9.
Geology of Ore Deposits - Many massive sulfide ore occurrences and deposits in the Kola region are located within the Paleoproterozoic Pechenga–Imandra–Varzuga rift belt (2.5–1.7... 相似文献
10.
11.
Liu Xun 《《地质学报》英文版》1990,64(3):261-274
The ore-controlling mechanism of the bedding fault system in the massive sulfide deposits of the Wushancopper orefield may be generalized as the control of ore deposition by optimum surface in an ore-formingstructural trap. The mechanism has three major features: (1) timing of mineralization; (2) positioning of hostformation; and (3) dependence of ore-controlling structure on properties of rocks. The "optimum surface" is adivisional structural plane which marks obvious difference in physical, chemical and mechanical properties andis favorable for mineralization. It is also a unity of structures. lithofacies and orebodies. The structural and geochemical characteristics of the ore deposits indicate the migration trend of the ma-jor characteristic clements in the ore-controlling fault belt: elements with a small radius (Si, Fe, Mg and Al)moved towards and concentrated at the center of the belt while large-radius ones (Ca, K and Na) were remotefrom the center. 相似文献
12.
A multi-element geochemical study of the wall rocks of intermediate to felsic volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits was carried out to identify pathfinder elements which significantly enlarge the size of exploration targets. Drill core samples from the Crandon massive sulfide deposit in Wisconsin, and outcrop samples from the United Verde and Iron King deposits in Arizona, and from the Captains Flat, Mt. Costigan, and Wiseman Creek deposits in New South Wales, Australia were analyzed. Because anomalously high fluorine values have been described in several volcanic-hosted ore systems, fluorine was included in the study.All of the above deposits have patterns of fluorine enrichment around ore. Drill core samples from two noneconomic prospects within ten miles of the Crandon deposit contain background to only weakly anomalous fluorine values.At the large Crandon deposit (> 50 million tons of zinc, copper ore), fluorine enrichment extends approximately 320 m into the footwall rocks and at least 220 m into the hanging wall rocks. At the large United Verde deposit (> 50 million tons of copper, zinc ore), fluorine enrichment is recognizable in the footwall rocks at least 650 m from the ore. At the smaller Iron King deposit (five million tons production of zinc, lead, copper ore), fluorine enrichment extends for a distance of approximately 60 m into the footwall rocks. At the small deposits in New South Wales (< five million tons production of zinc, lead, copper ore), fluorine enrichment is easily recognizable, but with the samples collected, the limits of the anomalous patterns cannot be defined.Fluorine occurs in some hydrothermal systems unassociated with mineralization and is therefore not a specific signature of ore-forming processes. From the work completed, many massive sulfide deposits in volcanic rocks occur in hydrothermal systems which contain fluorine. On the basis of the data presented, if anomalously high fluorine values do exist in an exploration search area, the chances of finding a massive sulfide ore deposit are improved.Genetic models for volcanic-hosted massive sulfide ore deposits have concentrated on rock textures, alteration mineralogy, and geochemistry of the ore metals. From the data presented, fluorine should be considered as a component of massive sulfide systems in intermediate to felsic volcanic rocks, and should be considered as a possible complexing agent for the ore metals. 相似文献
13.
钽作为一种重要的稀有金属矿产,广泛应用于各种工业领域。世界上的钽矿床成因主要为内生成矿,尤以花岗岩型和伟晶型最为重要,碰撞造山过程导致的多期次岩浆活动是有利的钽矿成矿环境。南部非洲钽矿资源丰富且品位高,主要为花岗岩型和伟晶岩型钽矿床,空间上主要分布在卡普瓦尔克拉通、刚果克拉通、津巴布韦克拉通以及基巴拉、泛非、达马拉等碰撞环境下形成的同造山—后造山构造带内,时间上主要集中在太古宙(2.85~2.58 Ga)、古元古代(2.48~2.0 Ga)、晚中元古代—早新元古代(1026~880 Ma)以及泛非活动期(500~440 Ma),且不同钽矿带内含钽矿物稀有及稀土元素分布特征差异较大。南部非洲发育大量与钽矿形成密切相关的花岗岩及伟晶岩岩体,资源潜力巨大,未来有望成为世界上主要的钽资源接续基地。 相似文献
14.
The large (more than 200000 km2) Uchur-Maya Meso- and Neoproterozoic intracontinental basin is delineated for the first time in the southeastern Siberian Platform, including the territory overlapped by the Ediacaran to Cambrian plate complex. The tectonic elements of higher orders—uplifts, domes, and deeps formed during the Neoproterozoic and Late Mesozoic tectonomagmatic activity—are outlined. The tectonic nappes of Paleoproterozoic rocks from 200 to 400 m thick were established between the Calymmian and Ectasian to Stenian rocks in the southeastern portion of the basin. The thickness of sedimentary rocks increases toward the Yudoma-Maya Aulacogen. The considerable thickness of Meso- and Neoproterozoic rocks and bitumen contents in sedimentary rocks are favorable factors testifying to the petroleum resource potential of the basin. The southern part of the basin is promising for ore deposits (primarily, uranium and gold) in zones of structural and stratigraphic unconformities and within the sedimentary cover itself. This study may serve as a background for further, more detailed tectonic investigations and substantiation of strategic lines of geological exploration. 相似文献
15.
The origin of the Noril’sk and Talnakh sulfide PGE-Cu-Ni deposits that are associated with Triassic basaltic traps of Siberia
is considered. It has been shown that ore elements of these deposits (with the probable exception of iron) are of a crustal
origin rather than a mantle one. They entered the basalts owing to the remobilization (recycling) of ore elements from Early
Proterozoic sediments and rocks that are presented in the basement of the Siberian Craton. The criteria for prospecting for
analogous deposits are given. 相似文献
16.
Phanerozoic volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits (VMSD) were subdivided into the Kuroko, Besshi, Cyprus, and Ural types, which differ in their ore geochemistry and mineralogy, in their composition of volcanic ore-hosting rock associations, and in the proportions of felsic and basaltic volcanics and sedimentary rocks in the volcanic successions. The earliest deposits that can be reliably attributed to the above types originated during the Neoproterozoic during the Pangea supercontinental cycle. Archean and Paleoproterozoic VMSD can be accepted as analogues of these types, resembling them in many respects, although differing from the classic deposits of these types in some characteristics. The formation history of Cyprus-type VMSD is traceable to the Paleoproterozoic when deposits in the Outocumpu area dated at approximately 1970 Ma originated during the early stage of Pangea-I amalgamation, whereas the most ancient Besshi-type deposits 1440 million years old originated during the breakup of that supercontinent. Most of the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic VMSD are similar in some of their principal features to those of the Ural and Kuroko types. Deposits of both these types and their ancient analogues evolved in the process of the Earth’s evolution and demonstrated unidirectional changes in their ore composition. 相似文献
17.
成矿系列是研究区域成矿规律的一种学术思想,主张用系统论、活动论的观点研究在地质历史发展的各阶段、各特定地质构造环境中成矿作用的过程及形成的矿床组合自然体。本文基于对西昆仑及邻区大地构造演化的新认识和新理解,结合研究区境内外地质和矿产勘查研究新进展,尤其是大批成矿年龄精测数据和对成岩成矿物质来源的新认识,将西昆仑及邻区内生金属矿产资源划分为8个主要矿床成矿系列：（1）古元古代鞍山式沉积变质型铁矿成矿系列;（2）中元古代层控碳酸盐岩型铁铜金矿床成矿系列;（3）志留纪沉积变质岩系有关的Fe矿床成矿系列;（4）晚泥盆世-早石炭世层控碳酸盐岩型铅锌（铜）矿床成矿系列;（5）石炭纪火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床成矿系列;（6）晚石炭世层控碳酸盐岩型锰矿床成矿系列;（7）侏罗纪-白垩纪层控（MVT）和沉积喷流型（SEDEX）型铅锌矿床成矿系列;（8）中新生代与伟晶岩有关的稀有金属矿床成矿系列。叙述了各个成矿系列的成矿地质背景、成矿特征、矿床组合、时空分布规律和典型矿床特征等。本次成矿系列的划分,强调以重大构造事件作为背景,突出以重大构造事件与大规模成矿的耦合关系作为出发点,力求从更大尺度上认识矿床形成的成矿动力学背景。值得指出的是,研究区幅员辽阔,不少矿床的成矿系列具有明显空间递变性,如与特提斯洋闭合和碰撞有关的成矿事件横跨原特提斯-古特提斯和新特提斯阶段;北昆仑地体为塔里木古陆的一部分,记录从古元古代早期到新元古代的构造演化对Rodinia 超大陆汇聚和裂解的响应。在长期演化过程中,西昆仑及其邻区形成了独特的成矿系列。 相似文献
18.
位于芬兰北部中拉普兰绿岩带的克维特斯塔(Kevitsa)镍-铜-铂族元素矿床是世界上主要的岩浆镍-铜硫化物矿床之一。该矿床储量大,含丰富的镍-铜硫化物和铂族元素。对矿床产出环境、地质特征、矿床成因等进行了总结,结果表明:矿体主要赋存于克维特斯塔基性—超基性层状侵入体的超基性单元中。主要矿石类型为普通型和镍-铂族元素型2种,其中镍-铂族元素型矿石内橄榄石具极高的Ni含量。主要矿石矿物为磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、针硫镍矿、红砷镍矿、砷镍矿、辉砷镍矿等,绝大部分铂族矿物包含在硅酸盐中和附着在硫化物颗粒边界。Re-Os、Sm-Nd、Sr及S同位素特征显示成矿岩浆为幔源,但受到地壳物质的混染作用。Pb同位素年代学结果表明克维特斯塔侵入体形成于古元古代。 相似文献
19.
辽东地区古元古代裂谷里尔峪组和大石桥组中分别分布有富镁质的碳酸盐岩建造, 其中产有硼矿、菱镁矿、滑石、岫岩玉等大型-特大型矿床.这些镁质非金属矿床的形成先与古元古代的蒸发岩系有关, 然后经历了吕梁期区域变质和热液交代变质改造, 以及印支、燕山期构造-岩浆作用改造等成矿系统作用过程.其中, 镁质碳酸盐岩建造、成矿构造、成矿流体对镁质非金属矿床的形成起着重要的控制作用.这些矿床也是古元古代矿源场、流体场、热场(能量场)、应力场等在一定的时空条件下耦合和后期构造-岩浆作用叠加改造的综合产物. 相似文献
20.
硫化物矿物中痕量元素的激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱微区分析进展 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
第一行过渡金属元素及痕量贵金属元素高度富集在硫化物矿物中,常形成具有工业意义的矿床,使得硫化物具有重大的经济价值。对天然硫化物矿物中的这些痕量金属元素丰度及其分布的研究,在矿石成因学、经济地质学、环境地球化学等领域具有重要的应用价值。激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)微区分析技术是一种强大的痕量元素分析工具,非常适合直接分析硫化物矿物中痕量元素的浓度及其空间分布。由于硫化物的激光剥蚀特性与硅酸盐及氧化物不同,分析校准用的标准物质又极度缺乏,严重阻碍了这一技术在硫化物矿物微区分析中的应用。本文评述了硫化物简介、硫化物中痕量金属元素分析的意义、LA-ICP-MS微区分析技术在硫化物矿物痕量元素分析中的优势及近年来的应用进展、硫化物分析中的干扰与校准、包含铂族元素及金的硫化物标准物质的研制进展及合成硫化物标准物质最有应用前景的方法。 相似文献