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1.
南天山褶皱冲断带西段变形空间差异性及控制因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新生代早期印度板块与欧亚板块持续碰撞汇聚导致欧亚板块内部发生大规模的陆内变形,天山造山带再次隆升,并向塔里木盆地大规模逆掩推覆,形成了现今南天山褶皱冲断带,其变形表现出明显的空间差异性。本文以南天山褶皱冲断带西段为研究对象,通过对不同构造带的地震剖面解释、运用平衡剖面技术恢复出各演化阶段发育过程并计算出相应的变形量,分析本区构造带的空间差异性及其控制因素。通过分析认为南天山褶皱冲断带西段可以进一步划分为巴什布拉克构造段,乌恰-阿图什-喀什构造段和柯坪西缘构造段。其中,巴什布拉克构造段变形特征主要呈一系列对冲构造和背驮盆地样式。乌恰-阿图什-喀什构造段变形特征表现为深、浅两个层次:深部发育堆垛构造和构造楔,浅部发育断层传播褶皱和逆冲断层改造的褶皱带。柯坪西缘构造段变形更加强烈,也表现为深、浅两个层次:深部发育堆垛构造,堆垛程度更大,浅部也发育断层传播褶皱和逆冲断层改造的褶皱带以及反冲断层系。结合该研究区的地质概况进一步分析,本文认为南天山褶皱冲断带西段构造变形的差异性可能与新生代以来帕米尔块体向北推进、塔拉斯-费尔干纳右行走滑断裂的活动、先存断裂的活化与韧性滑脱层的影响有关。 相似文献
2.
准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-逆冲断层带分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
讨论了与准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-逆冲断层带有关的4个问题。(1)准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-逆冲断层带具有纵向分带、横向分段和垂向构造分层的特征:纵向上由南至北可分为逆冲推覆构造带、基底卷入褶皱-冲断带和滑脱型褶皱-冲断带三个带;横向上,基底卷入褶皱-冲断带从西至东按横向调节带分为5个段,构造特征表现为反冲断层从不发育到向南反冲的位移逐渐增大、反冲断层所滑脱的层位亦逐渐加深;滑脱型褶皱-冲断带以红车断裂为界划分为西段和东段,西段构造运动弱,构造变形具双层结构;东段构造运动较强,发育大型冲向后陆的反向逆冲断层,构造变形多具有3层结构。(2)逆冲断层-褶皱类型按其形成机制分为基底卷入型冲断-褶皱、滑脱型冲断-褶皱以及基底卷入-滑脱混合型冲断-褶皱3大类,其中,基底卷入型冲断-褶皱的特征是褶皱作用发生在逆冲断裂之前,而滑脱型冲断-褶皱以冲断和褶皱同时或冲断层先于褶皱形成为特征。(3)本区存在横向和纵向传递带。横向调节带一般分布于基底卷入型褶皱-冲断带,主要为左旋走滑断层;纵向传递带分布于滑脱型褶皱-冲断带,以逆冲断层系斜列分布和位移纵向斜列传递为特征。(4)褶皱-冲断带形成的主控因素主要有:近南北向的水平挤压作用,上新世末—早更新世末和晚侏罗世末发生的构造变形以及古近系、下白垩统和下—中侏罗统发育的三套异常高压泥岩层相关的滑脱作用。 相似文献
3.
用地面露头、地震和CEMP(连续电磁剖面法)勘探资料揭示的库车坳陷-南天山盆山过渡带构造变形特征难以用经典的“A型俯冲”冲断褶皱楔变形模型来解释,因而文中提出一种“分层变形、垂向叠置”的“非俯冲”收缩构造解释模型。所谓分层变形是指受古近系膏盐岩层和侏罗系含煤地层等软弱岩层分隔,不同深度的岩层发育不同的收缩变形样式;所谓垂向叠置是指不同层次的强变形带在垂向上叠置,不存在区域性大位移的拆离断层。位于盐岩层之上的新生界以滑脱褶皱变形为主,而盐下层的中生界沉积层及盆地基底则以收缩断裂变形为主。浅部的滑脱褶皱表现出紧闭背斜和宽缓向斜组合,背斜具有不对称形态,其核部在古近系盐岩层或侏罗系含煤地层中滑脱,可在陡翼发育破冲断层或缓翼发育顺层滑脱逆冲断层。深层断裂变形以向山脉倾斜的高角度基底卷入逆冲断层为主干断层,断层上盘形成冲断隆起,次级断层相对较少,下盘则发育一系列同向倾斜的次级逆冲断层构成楔状叠瓦冲断构造。深层断层向上延伸在古近系盐岩层中尖灭,部分次级断层向下延伸并在侏罗系含煤地层中或盆地基底面滑脱,但是主干逆冲断层高角度切入基底,向上则对应于浅层背斜的核部。基底卷入的高角度主干逆冲断层可能利用了先存正断层发生反转位移,并成为控制局部构造变形的主要构造要素。天山上升引起的垂直剪切作用是导致库车坳陷-南天山盆山过渡带发育高角度逆冲断层或促成先存正断层的反转的可能原因。 相似文献
4.
博格达山北缘褶皱冲断带以横向分段、纵向分层、多期构造变形叠加、先存构造发育为主要特征,发育有中侏罗统西山窑组和下侏罗统八道湾组两套滑脱层,为探究这两套滑脱层内聚力强度差异及先存构造对冲断带新生代构造变形的影响,研究采用离散元数值模拟方法,在布设先存构造的基础上设计了无滑脱层模型和不同内聚力强度组合的双滑脱层模型共5组数值模拟实验.实验结果表明：双滑脱层内聚力强度相同时,上滑脱层在应力传播中占据优势;双滑脱层内聚力强度不同时,应力会优先沿弱内聚力滑脱层传递,且当下滑脱层内聚力较弱时,上滑脱层可能不发挥作用.通过对比实验结果与实际地质剖面,认为先存构造控制了冲断带构造变形的总体样式,而两套滑脱层共同控制了冲断带纵向上的变形解耦,上部滑脱层内聚力弱于下部滑脱层是影响研究区新生代构造变形的关键性因素. 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地南缘中段紧邻北天山山前，构造变形错综复杂。山前发育的三排构造的形成时间存在许多认识上的分歧，对演化过程中褶皱和断裂的变形叠加特征缺少系统的对比分析。笔者在前人研究的基础上，利用地震资料解释、平衡剖面恢复、构造物理模拟等研究手段，结合断层滑移距、伸展压缩速率定量分析方法，对研究区的构造变形特征和叠加演化过程进行了系统的分析。研究认为：(1)南缘中段三排构造自南向北,变形强度由强变弱；第一排背斜受控于基底卷入型断裂体系，第二、三排背斜受控于顺层滑脱型断裂体系，构造之间具有形成递进的演化关系，叠加形成多种复合构造样式。(2)断层滑移距总体“由深至浅”逐渐变小，具有继承性发育的特点；主干断裂滑移距存在明显的拐点，是多期次活动的有力证据。(3)基底大型逆冲断裂是先存断裂，后期继承性发育；基底卷入型褶皱–冲断带是褶皱作用发生在逆冲断裂之前，后期表现出边断边褶特征；滑脱型褶皱–冲断带是冲断和褶皱同时或冲断先于褶皱形成。(4)第一排背斜形成于侏罗纪末期，第二排背斜在此时期形成微弱雏形，并在古近纪末期形成明显轮廓；第三排背斜形成于新近纪末期；第四纪至今的强大挤压作用使3排背斜被断裂强烈改造。 相似文献
6.
准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-冲断带变形特征及成因机制模拟 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-冲断带发育于北天山和博格达山北侧的准噶尔盆地南部的山前地区,构造变形具有明显的横向分带、纵向分段、垂向分层特征,其主控因素在于挤压应力的作用方式和滑脱层的空间分布规律。西段受北天山斜向挤压应力作用影响,发育北西西向四排雁列式褶皱-冲断带,构造变形样式为基底卷入式厚皮构造和盖层滑脱式薄皮构造,变形过程受侏罗系煤层和白垩系、古近系高塑性泥岩层等多滑脱层控制。滑脱层及其上覆岩层厚度决定变形的强度和应力向前传递的远近程度,厚度越大,褶皱变形强度越大。东段受博格达山正向楔冲挤压应力作用影响,发育近东西向向北凸出的弧形基底卷入式褶皱-冲断带,滑脱构造不发育。根据构造变形特征和相似理论,利用沙箱模拟实验分别对正向挤压和15°、30°、45°等斜向挤压平面变形进行了模拟,结果表明正向挤压和15°斜向挤压是形成东段和西段变形特征的主控应力条件,并设计了斜向和正向挤压组合边界平面模拟实验进行了验证,合理地解释了东、西段构造变形的差异。利用双滑脱层剖面模型实验对西段四排褶皱-冲断带的演化过程进行了模拟再现。 相似文献
7.
库车坳陷东、西段盐下构造在北部构造带以南出现明显的差异构造变形特征,在西段的克拉苏构造带盐下发育由一系列逆冲断裂组成的叠瓦构造,而在东段的东秋构造带盐下发育一个大型的断背斜构造。本文基于地震资料构造解析,采用离散元数值模拟方法,设计了5组数值模拟实验来探究先存断层、同构造沉积和滑脱层强度对褶皱冲断带构造形态及演化的影响,进而分析库车坳陷东、西段构造特征差异的成因机制。模拟结果表明含盐褶皱冲断带往往发育垂向分层构造变形。先存断裂会影响褶皱冲断带构造传播的方式,导致盐下楔体形态、断裂数量和盐上构造样式的差异。同构造沉积会增强盐上和盐下的分层差异变形,滑脱层强度增强会减弱盐上和盐下的分层变形。通过将模拟结果与库车坳陷东、西段构造特征进行对比分析,我们认为先存断层可能是影响库车坳陷东、西段盐下构造差异演化的重要因素。库车坳陷东段的东秋构造带受先存断裂影响,在先存断裂的位置优先变形,形成东秋断裂和上覆东秋背斜,同时先存断裂既有助于应力释放,又阻拦应力向前传递,形成乱序式变形传播。库车坳陷西段的克拉苏构造带,没有先存断裂的影响,盐下主要发育前展式构造变形,形成由一系列逆冲断层组成的叠瓦构造楔体。 相似文献
8.
南大巴前陆冲断带位于秦岭造山带向四川盆地过渡的部位,是晚三叠世扬子-秦岭俯冲碰撞与中新生代以来陆内造山形成的。根据构造变形的几何学特点,自北东向南西发育紧靠城口断层的根带、坪坝断裂与鸡鸣寺断裂之间的中带、镇巴-鸡鸣寺断裂与铁溪-巫溪隐伏断裂之间的锋带。各带发育不同的构造变形:根带的冲断层系统以逆冲叠瓦构造为主控构造组合,同时发育构造三角带、冲起构造和双重构造等组合;中带的冲断褶皱系统以发育断层相关褶皱组合为主;锋带发育为滑脱褶皱系统,以类侏罗山式褶皱为主控构造,同时发育了箱状背斜、膝折构造、倒转背斜、平卧褶皱、紧闭背斜、同斜背斜、虚脱不协调背斜等滑脱褶皱。垂向上发育3套区域性滑脱层:震旦系泥页岩和寒武系泥页岩、志留系泥页岩、下三叠统膏盐岩;在南秦岭自北而南的推覆作用下,依次沿这3套滑脱层逐级抬升而向南滑脱,存在"推覆作用(叠层滑动)→冲断作用(切层滑动)→层滑作用(顺层滑动)"的滑脱变形序列,从而造就南大巴的多种构造变形类型及其有序分布特征。 相似文献
9.
龙门山冲断带构造分带性是龙门山构造研究中的核心内容和关键科学问题.在野外实测地质大剖面以及路线地质调查的基础上,根据冲断带不同部位构造样式的不同,将龙门山冲断带北段前山带划分出3个构造亚带,即唐王寨-仰天窝飞来峰-滑覆体构造亚带、楼子坝-雁门坝-马角坝叠瓦冲断亚带、矿山梁-天井山-二廊庙冲断背斜亚带.各亚带具有不同构造变形特征:飞来峰-滑覆体构造亚带具有"推覆加滑覆"的构造叠加和演变特征;叠瓦冲断亚带中冲断构造十分发育,从北西至南东方向,不同系、同一系中不同组、同一组中不同段的地层依次由老向新逆冲,组成典型的叠瓦状构造样式,逆冲断裂向西呈铲式倾斜,并收敛于逆冲断裂系底板断层之上.构造岩片中褶皱构造十分发育,以断层传播褶皱为主,其轴迹走向和轴面产状与叠瓦冲断亚带中各条断层的总体产状几乎相同,均倒向前陆方向.冲断背斜亚带具有双重构造特点,在浅层表现为近直立的短轴背斜,构造样式以断层转折褶皱为主,深层由多个逆冲岩片叠置而成.下寺-金子山-厚坝山前带浅部层次中冲断稀少、规模较小、变形微弱,主要表现为向南东倾斜的单斜构造,深部层次发育有大型隐伏逆冲断裂.从前山带和山前带总体上具有变形强度向前陆方向有规律递减、卷入构造的地层逐渐变新、变形层次逐渐变浅的趋势,反映了冲断构造具有前展式特征.冲断构造是晚三叠世与新生代两期构造变形的产物:晚三叠世构造变形强烈,是龙门山前陆冲断带的主要形成期;新生代变形较弱,叠加和改造了晚三叠世的构造变形. 相似文献
10.
库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的结构模型及其形成机制 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
库车坳陷克拉苏构造带是一个NEE-近EW向的冲断褶皱带。由于地表条件和构造变形的复杂性导致该构造带的地震资料品质较低,造成构造解释的多解性。本文在综合分析地面露头、区域构造背景、钻井和地震资料基础上,讨论了克拉苏构造带可能的构造解释模型,认为浅层为盖层滑脱褶皱、深层为基底卷入的楔状叠瓦构造的"分层滑脱、垂向叠置"模型能合理地解释现有可靠的构造信息。浅层构造是以库姆格列木群膏盐岩层为核或以侏罗系煤系地层为核的滑脱背斜,并被逆冲断层破坏;深层是基底卷入的中-高角度区域性反转正断层,并且在反转正断层下盘发育楔状叠瓦构造。新近纪-第四纪天山隆升产生的自天山深层向库车坳陷的斜向向上的挤压作用导致先存区域性正断层的反转位移,并控制克拉苏构造带的形成和演化。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
13.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
15.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
16.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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19.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
20.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献