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本文基于1999—2021年Landsat系列卫星遥感影像数据,以黄河口湿地植被作为研究对象,对比了清8叶瓣和废弃清水沟叶瓣的植被时空变化特征,结果表明：湿地植被发育过程中呈现了显著阶段性和空间差异性变化,整个研究区域的植被覆盖面积经历了先波动变化后快速上升的趋势,其中显著变化区域主要集中在现行河口区,而废弃河口的变化相对稳定,在空间分布上,植被主要从河道两侧扩散到现行河口潮间带区域。2012—2021年现行河口区的植被类型中互花米草的面积显著增加,其面积增加了7倍以上,碱蓬的面积变化经历了先稳定后减小的过程,在2021年其面积仅为12.2 km2,芦苇和柽柳经历了缓慢增加和波动性减小,其总体面积略有增加,光滩的面积及其所占比例均呈现出先减小后增加的特征。黄河改道与河口摆动和调水调沙工程加快了造陆速率,给植被带来栖息空间和生长条件,而互花米草的入侵和快速扩散虽然增加了植被覆盖面积,但也改变了本地的生态系统,极大地限制了碱蓬的生长和扩散,影响了河口湿地的健康发展。 相似文献
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为掌握黄河口湿地植被地上生长部分碳储量的空间分布情况,基于GF-1WFV卫星数据,对黄河口湿地植被地上生长部分碳储量开展了遥感估算模型研究,并根据研究区植被类型空间分布特点,对不同植被类型地上生长部分碳储量的特征开展了分析,结果表明:6种植被碳储量估算模型中,基于NDVI建立的指数模型为单位面积碳储量估算最佳模型,其决定系数(R2)最大,值为0.76,均方根误差(RMSE)最小,值为19.1g/m2;在不同植被类型分布区,地上植被单位面积碳储量平均值大小顺序为互花米草芦苇草甸柽柳林潮滩芦苇盐地碱蓬,其中各区域平均值最大为78.1g/m2,最小为46.7g/m2。研究结果为提高黄河口湿地植被的碳储量提供了有效措施,即合理优化植被类型的空间分布、恢复裸滩上盐地碱蓬的生长和提高植被类型盖度。 相似文献
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基于“资源三号”卫星的黄河口湿地景观格局及其空间尺度效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了在更精细尺度上分析黄河口湿地的景观格局特征,作者基于2012年的国产高分辨率"资源三号"卫星遥感影像,选取斑块类型面积(CA)、斑块个数(NP)、平均斑块面积(AREA_MN)、边缘密度(ED)、平均周长面积比(PARA_MN)、散布与并列指数(IJI)、香农多样性指数(SHDI)和香农均匀度指数(SHEI)8种常用的景观指数,表征景观类型的面积与结构特征、形状特征、聚集特征和景观多样性特征,开展了黄河口湿地的景观格局现状分析,以及空间尺度对黄河口湿地景观格局分析的影响。结果表明:黄河口湿地以裸滩和自然植被等自然景观为主,人工景观所占比重较小,但研究区内油井散布且数量众多,道路修建所导致的景观破碎化已较为明显;总体上,研究区的景观特征具有较强的尺度依赖性,其中表征面积和结构特征的斑块个数、边缘密度、平均斑块面积随着空间尺度的增大有明显的变化,斑块面积则相对稳定,形状特征表现出对空间尺度较强的依赖性,聚集特征随空间尺度的变化不规律,景观多样性特征随空间尺度的变化不明显;不同景观类型的景观特征随空间尺度的变化有较大差异,斑块为条状或斑块边界不规则的景观类型对空间尺度的依赖性更为显著。 相似文献
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潮沟既是滨海湿地特有的地貌因子,也是输送水分与盐分的重要通道,对植被的生长与空间分布有重要的影响。为探究互花米草入侵对盐城滨海湿地潮沟系统演变的影响,本文利用遥感与地理信息系统（Geographic Information System,GIS）技术,分析了1989年至2020年江苏盐城典型淤泥质潮滩湿地互花米草沼泽时空变化过程与潮沟系统演变特征。研究结果表明：(1)互花米草扩张经历了入侵初期的斑块阶段、中期连续带状分布阶段及现状阶段过程,入侵影响的景观类型也从光滩转变为碱蓬沼泽;(2)互花米草入侵过程对潮沟系统产生的影响主要表现为潮沟平均宽度与长度减小、互花米草内潮沟的数量与分支增多;(3)潮沟系统的变化与互花米草的平均面积、平均周长等存在较大的相关性,表明互花米草的入侵是潮沟系统变化的重要影响因素。 相似文献
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《海洋科学集刊》2016,(0)
通过对黄河口新生湿地沉积物岩芯中常量元素、稀土元素,以及重金属分布特征进行研究,探讨了滨海湿地沉积物中金属元素的环境指示意义。结果表明,大部分金属元素的分布模式类似,均在40cm左右出现明显的低值区,这主要是由黄河挟带而来的大量陆源物质的输入造成的。沉积物粒度组成及有机质含量对金属元素的分布影响显著。常量元素中,Na_2O与其他元素变化趋势相反,反映了潮汐对滨海湿地的侵蚀作用;黄河口新生湿地沉积物单个稀土元素含量的大小顺序与黄河沉积物和渤海沉积物基本一致,其稀土元素总量高于黄河沉积物而低于渤海沉积物,表明黄河口湿地沉积物具有河流泥沙和海水颗粒物双重来源,而轻重分异比的变化则反映了物质输入的改变;而在较高的有机质和黏土含量的影响下,黄河口新生湿地沉积物中重金属发生了明显的富集。 相似文献
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通过对黄河口新生湿地沉积物岩芯中常量元素、稀土元素以及重金属分布特征的研究,探讨了滨海湿地沉积物中金属元素的环境指示意义。结果表明,大部分金属元素的分布模式类似,均在40 cm左右出现明显的低值区,这主要是由黄河携带而来的大量陆源物质的输入造成的。沉积物粒度组成以及有机质含量对金属元素的分布影响显著。常量元素中,Na2O与其他元素变化趋势相反,反应了潮汐对滨海湿地的侵蚀作用;黄河口新生湿地沉积物单个稀土元素的含量大小顺序与黄河沉积物和渤海沉积物基本一致,稀土元素总量则高于黄河沉积物而低于渤海沉积物,表明黄河口湿地沉积物具有河流泥沙和海水颗粒物双重来源,而轻重分异比的变化则反映了物质输入的改变;而在较高的有机质和粘土含量的影响下,黄河口新生湿地沉积物中重金属发生了明显的富集。 相似文献
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盐沼是全球温带及亚热带地区的主要滨海湿地类型之一,具有重要的生态服务功能。本文以盐城沿海区域为例,利用近30 a来的6期遥感卫星图像,通过简单的植被覆盖指数(NDVI)粗提取和目视解译的方法分析了该区域盐沼的时空演变,并对引起这些变化的影响因子进行了探讨。结果表明,近30 a来研究区盐沼面积呈大幅度先升后降又小幅度上升的趋势,至2015年盐沼面积减少了约18 km2;盐沼的空间位置不断向外扩张,最大扩张距离达到了5.5 km,盐沼的宽度也随着时间不断变化;盐沼植被类型发生了不同程度的演变,景观指数表明景观破碎化程度不断加剧,獐毛、碱蓬、芦苇大量减少,单一的互花米草覆盖湿地。对盐沼时空变化起到影响的自然因素和人为因素中,围垦活动的影响最为显著。 相似文献
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以2008年10月和2009年5月黄河口和辽河口芦苇湿地野外调查获取的数据为基础,研究中国北方典型河口芦苇湿地表层和剖面土壤有机碳库的分布特征,并探讨其土壤有机碳库差异的原因。结果表明:5和10月份,黄河口芦苇湿地表层土壤有机碳变幅分别为2.15~10.13和10.98~28.82kg/m3,无显著性季节差异;辽河口芦苇湿地表层土壤有机碳库变幅分别为0.8~31.38和18.95~68.7kg/m3,10月份显著高于5月份。两河口剖面土壤有机碳库分布特征相同,均表现为0~10cm土层含量明显高于各底层,0~20cm土层集中了整个剖面50%以上的有机碳。辽河口芦苇湿地表层土壤有机碳含量及碳库均高于黄河口湿地,且10月份其差异达到了显著性水平。相对于我国其它河口芦苇湿地,黄河口湿地有机碳含量严重偏低,具有很大的可提升潜力。辽河口湿地芦苇地上生物量的均值达到2.96kg/m2,是黄河口的5.82倍,而表观土壤呼吸通量显著低于黄河口湿地,有机碳的高输入和低输出是其土壤有机碳库高于黄河口湿地的根本原因;土壤盐渍化程度高、黏粒含量低和氮素匮乏是影响黄河口芦苇湿地土壤有机碳库严重偏低的主要因素。因此,在开展黄河口退化湿地的生态恢复重建技术中降低土壤盐渍化程度、提高黏粒含量和全氮含量是提高土壤有机碳库的关键。 相似文献
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本文基于2010年MODIS卫星遥感数据,研究了黄河口海域海表温度(SST)的季节性变化,分析了调水调沙期间黄河口羽状流向海扩展的时空变化,揭示了黄河口羽状流对调水调沙的响应。研究结果表明:海表温度主要受太阳辐射和临近大陆气候的影响,夏季秋季高,春季冬季低,四个季节羽状流扩散范围都较小。调水调沙期间,羽状流向海传输方向发生摆动,由北向逐渐向东偏转至正东方向,最后又转为北向。随着径流量的增加,羽状流扩散范围和传输距离也迅速增大,传输距离与径流量呈较好的对数线性关系。此外,潮汐变化也会影响羽状流的传输方向和输运距离。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Nabil Sultan Pierre Cochonat Jean Fran ois Bourillet Florence Cayocca 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(2):107-133
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed. 相似文献