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1.
这次防雹管理工作座谈会是根据年初领导小组会议决定,分两片召开的。6月14日至16日在洛川县召开了陕北片的会议,这次在陇县我们又召开了关中片的会议。这次会议经过三天的时间,传达了全国人工影响天气工作会议精神,学习了各省的人工影响天气管理办法,交流了管理经验,参观了陇县的石岭和曹家湾先进典型炮点,表彰了先进,研究了如何加强防雹工作。使代表们统一了思想,开阔了思路,提高了认识,增强了信心,大家决心会后进一步加强管理使防雹工作走上新台阶,争取获得更大的效益。会议开的很好,达到了预期的目的。会上,大家回顾了两年来防雹工作的进展,主要表现在以下几个方面: 1.对防雹工作的认识不断提高,各级 相似文献
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全国测报工作会议于去年10月13—19日在杭州召开,到会代表共131人,收到经验交流材料61份。 会议认真回顾了自1977年8月在太原召开的全国气象测报工作座谈会以来所进行的大量工作,这包括:1.深入揭批“四人帮”,不断肃清其在测报工作中的流毒;2.建立健全了规章制度,促进了工作的正常化;3.加强了在职测报人员的培训,提高了业务技术水平;4.开展了岗位练兵,苦练过硬本领;5.组织了测报大普查,恢复了检查工作制度;6.完成了地面观测规范的修改及组织执行;7.撤换了超检仪器,加强了检定工作;8.下发了保护观测环境的联合通知,改善了观测环境;9.整顿了台站档案,加强了记录报表的审核。由于五年来各级气象业务部门狠抓了以上各项工作,目前已经基本上扭转了十年内乱所造成的人员思想混乱,技术力量削弱,仪 相似文献
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介绍了雷电的形成．分析了产生雷电的天气形势。并在此基础上。概括了雷电预报的几种型式。设计了雷电预报的评分办法，提出了雷电预报服务的措施。 相似文献
4.
丛荣路 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1996,(4)
近年来伊犁地区气象现代化建设迈出了可喜的一大步。1．开通了伊宁一乌鲁木齐气象有线通讯线路，改变了由邮电局转发气象电报的传统方式，提高了气象信息传输的速度、质量和时效，减轻了劳动强度，节省了人力物力。2．建立了局域网，即把州气象局的地面测报和预报等信息用微机联成网。开通了伊宁同乌鲁木齐、新源、昭苏间的微机远程终端，增加了预报产品及图表、资料的数量，提高了预报分析时效，尤其对灾害性、关键性天气预报的客观化、定量化提供了重要分析预报依据。3．建立了伊宁、新源、昭苏三县和伊宁市及农四师的农村气象科技服务网… 相似文献
5.
综合气象观测系统的发展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
回顾了气象探测发展史,分析了气象探测与气象预报、气象科学发展之间的紧密关系,指出了气象探测的发展推动了气象科学、气象预报和气象服务的发展;进一步描述了气象探测发展的现状,对于新技术的应用前景与气象仪器的未来发展趋势进行了分析与阐述,同时介绍了国际GCOS、GEOSS、WIGOS综合观测计划. 相似文献
6.
图像艺术风格化作为一个正在蓬勃发展的领域被越来越多的人熟知,也引起了众多学者的研究兴趣.本文总结了图片风格化的发展现状,分析了不同风格化方法的特点,指出了目前风格化方法的缺点,总结了图片风格化的发展趋势,为进一步研究图片风格化提供了方向. 相似文献
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8.
1996年岁末沪宁线持续五天大雾的原因探讨 总被引：26，自引：5，他引：21
1996年12月27-31日江苏境内发生了持续五天的大雾。本文普查了天气图,分析了产生雾的天气形势特征,并进行了一些物理量的计算,制作了时空分布和垂直剖面图,重点分析了它的形成和长时间维持的原因,对冬季辐射雾的预报有一定参考价值。 相似文献
9.
本对呼盟牧区白灾出现的气候规律作了分析和研究，指出了白灾对畜牧业生产的危害和防御措施，确定了白灾的综合气象指数和计算系统，分析了白灾的时空分布，并对白灾的预报在数理统计方面作了探讨，给出了准确率较高的预报方程。 相似文献
10.
一、概况 4月28日凌晨及傍晚,我区出现了二次强对流天气全区普遍出现了8—10级大风,局部地区短时阵风达11级,87个公社出现了冰雹灾害,其中傍晚一次灾情最为严重,湖州市郊升山公社在17时35分左右下了拳头大小的冰雹,给工农业生产带来了重大损失。我们对这两次灾害性天气都作出了短时预报,特别在傍晚这次大范围的灾害性天气服务中,提前七小时发布了冰雹、大风、强降温的预报,又提前三个小时发了紧急警报,临时增加了一次广播,各级领导机关、工厂企业及广大农村都采取了抢险救灾的防范措施。因此,大大减少了人民生命财产的损失,收到了明显的经济效益。 相似文献
11.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
12.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
13.
宁波地区海-陆下垫面差异对雷暴过程影响的数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用耦合Noah陆面过程的WRF模式对2009年6月5日傍晚发生在宁波地区的一次雷暴过程进行数值模拟,通过改变下垫面覆盖类型的敏感性试验,探讨了海洋和陆地下垫面对雷暴过程的影响。结果表明,WRF模式能够较合理地模拟出雷暴的发生、发展过程。雷暴发生前期,由于海-陆强烈的热力差异,海风特征明显,海风引起的抬升运动触发了雷暴,海风形成的强辐合区对应雷暴过程累积降水量的大值区。当研究区域全部被替换成陆地后,地表的粗糙度增大,在研究区域东部由于摩擦辐合加强,产生了强烈的上升运动,多个发展旺盛的对流单体在上升运动区生成,使雷暴产生的降水区域东扩、降水量增大、雷暴维持时间延长。当研究区域所有陆地被替换成水体后,白天地表通量减小,大气边界层中湍流运动减弱,边界层高度降低,大气层结变得稳定,不利于对流发展。 相似文献
14.
淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。 相似文献
15.
Light-absorbing particles in snow and ice: Measurement and modeling of climatic and hydrological impact 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yun Qian Teppei J. Yasunari Sarah J. Doherty Mark G. Flanner William K. M. Lau Jing Ming Hailong Wang Mo Wang Stephen G. Warren Rudong Zhang 《大气科学进展》2015,32(1):64-91
Light absorbing particles(LAP, e.g., black carbon, brown carbon, and dust) influence water and energy budgets of the atmosphere and snowpack in multiple ways. In addition to their effects associated with atmospheric heating by absorption of solar radiation and interactions with clouds, LAP in snow on land and ice can reduce the surface reflectance(a.k.a., surface darkening), which is likely to accelerate the snow aging process and further reduces snow albedo and increases the speed of snowpack melt. LAP in snow and ice(LAPSI) has been identified as one of major forcings affecting climate change, e.g.in the fourth and fifth assessment reports of IPCC. However, the uncertainty level in quantifying this effect remains very high. In this review paper, we document various technical methods of measuring LAPSI and review the progress made in measuring the LAPSI in Arctic, Tibetan Plateau and other mid-latitude regions. We also report the progress in modeling the mass concentrations, albedo reduction, radiative forcing, and climatic and hydrological impact of LAPSI at global and regional scales. Finally we identify some research needs for reducing the uncertainties in the impact of LAPSI on global and regional climate and the hydrological cycle. 相似文献
16.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
17.
Geophysical data sets are growing at an ever-increasing rate, requiring computationally efficient data selection(thinning)methods to preserve essential information. Satellites, such as Wind Sat, provide large data sets for assessing the accuracy and computational efficiency of data selection techniques. A new data thinning technique, based on support vector regression(SVR), is developed and tested. To manage large on-line satellite data streams, observations from Wind Sat are formed into subsets by Voronoi tessellation and then each is thinned by SVR(TSVR). Three experiments are performed. The first confirms the viability of TSVR for a relatively small sample, comparing it to several commonly used data thinning methods(random selection, averaging and Barnes filtering), producing a 10% thinning rate(90% data reduction), low mean absolute errors(MAE) and large correlations with the original data. A second experiment, using a larger dataset, shows TSVR retrievals with MAE < 1 m s-1and correlations 0.98. TSVR was an order of magnitude faster than the commonly used thinning methods. A third experiment applies a two-stage pipeline to TSVR, to accommodate online data. The pipeline subsets reconstruct the wind field with the same accuracy as the second experiment, is an order of magnitude faster than the nonpipeline TSVR. Therefore, pipeline TSVR is two orders of magnitude faster than commonly used thinning methods that ingest the entire data set. This study demonstrates that TSVR pipeline thinning is an accurate and computationally efficient alternative to commonly used data selection techniques. 相似文献
18.
自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。 相似文献
19.
The principle of common, but differentiated, responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR&RC) is fundamental to the UNFCCC. Some options for a nuanced model of differentiation that addresses both responsibility and capability in a changing world are explored, such as new categories of countries, and some of the political issues that such a model might face are considered. The strengths and limitations of options for graduation based on ‘objective’ criteria such that countries could move between categories or ‘graduate’ – an option provided by the UNFCCC – are discussed. Countries could also choose to join another club (e.g. the G20), self-elect into categories or differentiate among themselves implicitly by accepting different commitments and actions. CBDR&RC will form part of the overall legally binding agreement, and must apply symmetry in some respects and differentiation in others to the commitments and actions contained therein. Some possible characteristics of CBDR&RC of relevance in a regime ‘applicable to all’ are outlined. These include promoting climate action and using mechanisms available in the UNFCCC to instil dynamism. Differentiation on mitigation must consider the distinctions between absolute and relative reductions, as well as commitments to outcomes and implementation. CBDR&RC should be applied to mitigation, adaptation, and the means of implementation.Policy relevanceIn Durban, Parties agreed to negotiate a regime ‘applicable to all’, which sent a political signal that there should be greater symmetry between nations. The world has changed since the UNFCCC was negotiated in 1992. It is now less helpful to think only in terms of two groups of countries (e.g. Annex I and non-Annex I), and evident that there are significant differences between member states. This requires a more nuanced interpretation of the principles of equity and CBDR&RC, which is an integral part of the UNFCCC. The options for the different approaches outlined in this article might help in the construction of a more nuanced model. All must do more, while some must do more still than others. To achieve this, some defining characteristics of CBDR&RC in a regime applicable to all are suggested. 相似文献
20.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献