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XIANG Y YANG Runhai WANG Bin ZHOU Yunyao LU Yongqing WU Huan QI Junwei PENG Jing 《中国地震研究》2019,33(2):336-353
Because of the different excitation conditions of the airgun source, there will be subtle differences in airgun signals. Travel time variation of airgun signals often mix into source information which can''t fully reflect the evolution of the medium. This article uses the airgun signals from the Binchuan Transmitting Seismic Station to analyze the airgun signal''s characteristics of phase and correlation. We conducted a comparative analysis of the effects of the pair difference method and the deconvolution method on eliminating the influence of the excitation conditions in travel time variation. The results show that:(1) The pressure pulse and its subsequent wave of airgun source wavelet are less affected by excitation conditions that we can use it to obtain high-precision excitation moments. (2) Deconvolution can improve the correlation of the airgun signal. (3) The pair difference method can''t eliminate the influence of excitation conditions in travel time variation. Deconvolution can reduce excitation condition interference and the influence of the excitation condition in the travel time variation after deconvolution of the vertical signal is significantly reduced. 相似文献
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In order to study the excitation of large-volume airgun source with different combinations in Hutubi, Xinjiang,China,we conducted a targeted experiment. The method of time-frequency analysis is used to study the signals recorded by a seismometer on the shore of the excited pool, and it is concluded that different gun combinations will lead to different frequency of bubble pulse signals. Besides, linear combination method is used to analyze the signal-to-noise ratios of signals excited by different gun combinations which was recorded by seismic stations around the airgun source. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratios, it is more effective to increase the activation energy (the number of excited guns at the same time) than to stack the excited signals with smaller energy repeatedly. 相似文献
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利用云南省宾川主动源基地周边10km范围内7个流动台站2017年2月气枪震源集中激发时段记录的气枪信号,使用干涉法计算了直接使用波形和将波形与参考台反褶积后的格林函数两种处理方法下气枪信号的走时变化。使用了气枪震源附近不同方位角的两个参考台的数据,以分析不同参考台对走时变化结果的影响。结果表明:反褶积能较为有效的压制气枪震源的时间、空间和频谱轻微不重复性导致的走时变化;反褶积能降低一些来源不明的伪走时变化;使用CKT2的数据反褶积的结果略优于CKT0,其可能原因是气枪阵列沿方位角的非均匀辐射。 相似文献
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Large volume airgun arrays have been widely used in exploring and monitoring underground structures for nearly a decade. Nowadays, large volume airgun arrays adopt the synchronous excitation mode, and source characteristics are controlled by the source signal of a single airgun, which to some extent limits its application. In order to realize the asynchronous excitation of the airgun array, we developed a new firing system for the airgun array, and carried out a field experiment in the Binchuan Fixed Airgun Signal Transmission station to study the influences of the asynchronous excitation on the source signal. The experimental results show that:the newly developed airgun array firing system can ignite the airguns according to the setting time series with high precision. By designing the excitation time series, the asynchronous excitation can enhance the energy of airgun source signal at 3-5Hz, and reduce the energy of pressure pulse wave at 6-18Hz. The signal detection capability of the asynchronous excitation with time series mode is equivalent to the synchronous excitation. 相似文献
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Weak Seismic Signal Extraction Based on the Curvelet Transform 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Seismic signal denoising is a key step in seismic data processing. Airgun signals are easy to be interfered with by noise when it travels a long distance due to the weak energy of active source signal of the airgun. Aiming to solve this problem, and considering that the conventional Curvelet transform threshold processing method does not use the seismic spectrum information, we independently process the Curvelet scale layer corresponding to valid data based on the characteristics of the Curvelet transform of multi-scale, multi-direction and capable of expressing the sparse seismic signals in order to fully excavate the information features. Combined with the Curvelet adaptive threshold denoising the algorithm, we apply the Curvelet transform to denoising seismic signals while retaining the weak information in the signal as much as possible. The simulation experiments show that the improved threshold denoising method based on Curvelet transform is superior to the frequency domain filtering, wavelet denoising and traditional Curvelet denoising method in detailed information extraction and signal denoising of low SNR signals. The calculation accuracy of the relative wave velocity variation of underground medium is improved. 相似文献
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In this study, Qilian Mountain active source airgun signals recorded at 79 stations were obtained after stacking waveforms from July 2015 to December 2016. Based on analysis of the amplitude variation characteristics of the airgun signals, the following conclusions were drawn:along the NW-SE fault distribution direction of the Qilian Mountain area, the decrease in amplitude of airgun signals was relatively slow in relation to the epicentral distance, while the decrease in amplitude in the direction perpendicular to the fault was relatively fast. This difference may be related to the energy loss of seismic waves reflecting and scattering by the regional faults mainly distributed along the NW-SE direction, which are caused by tectonic compression of the Qinghai-Tibet and Alxa blocks. 相似文献
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The numerical simulation of the influence of a reservoir water body on the Binchuan airgun source could provide a theoretical basis to analyze the data obtained from the active source detection and inversion of regional interior medium structures. Based on a medium model containing limited water body, we use the finite different method to simulate the effect of the water level, excitation energy and focal depth. The results show that the influence on the waveform amplitude caused by the water level changing is very large near the water body, and that a high water level or large amplitude change can have a larger effect. However, for stations beyond a certain epicentral distance, the influence will be weakened and kept stable. As for the Binchuan airgun source, amplitude fluctuation caused by the water level changing becomes very small(±0.05 times) after propagating a certain distance, so we can remove the influence of the water level changing by referring to the numerical simulation result. Wave amplitude increases linearly with the excitation energy and focal depth, therefore, the greater the energy and the deeper the focal depth, the better the effect of the excitation, and is more conducive in detecting remote and deep penetration underground structures. 相似文献
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气枪震源资料反褶积方法及处理流程研究 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
气枪震源具有极高的可重复性,可用于地下介质变化的监测。但不同工作条件下气枪震源产生的信号会存在细微差异,反褶积方法能在一定程度上消除由震源变化引起的记录信号变化。为了去除气枪震源子波信号,获取气枪源到台站之间的格林函数,通常需要选取一种恰当的方法对地震波形数据进行反褶积处理。频率域水准反褶积和时间域迭代反褶积是在接收函数等领域已被广泛使用的2种反褶积方法。本文以云南宾川主动源资料为例,对比了利用这2种方法处理气枪震源资料的效果,结果表明：在计算效率方面,频率域水准反褶积方法更具优势;在处理结果的信噪比方面,时间域迭代反褶积方法表现更好,P波初至也更清晰。此外,进一步讨论了在多炮资料的处理过程中反褶积和叠加等操作的顺序问题,最后提出了从气枪震源资料中提取气枪源到台站之间的格林函数的一般流程。 相似文献
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叠加甘肃和青海数字测震台网记录到的甘肃祁连山大容量气枪连续激发的大量观测波形。结果显示,单次激发的气枪震源信号最远可以在距气枪震源304km的古浪台(GLT)识别,通过110次叠加的信号最远可以追踪到412km的安西台(AXX),4 600次叠加的信号最远可以在距气枪震源677km的乌图美仁台站(WTM)观测到。研究结果可为提高甘肃祁连山大容量气枪主动源观测系统的监测能力和微弱信号的提取能力,探讨祁连山区域内部介质速度变化等工作提供重要的科学意义。 相似文献
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Based on the data synthesis simulation and the actual processing of the airgun seismic source signal, three quantitative indicators of signal-to-noise ratio, waveform correlation coefficient and phase offset, are superimposed. We systematically evaluate the functions of the following three stack methods including linearity, phase weighting and S-transform in the extraction of weak signals under strong background noise and quantitatively estimate the reliability of the stack results. Through the comprehensive discussion of the above three methods of stack results, the preliminary comparative analysis believes that the linear stack signal-to-noise ratio is low, but the waveform distortion is minimal; the phase-weighted superimposed signal-to-noise ratio is high and the phase offset is small, but the results of the waveform quality and linear stack are larger than the deviation; the S-transform stack has a relatively higher signal-to-noise ratio and a small loss of waveform amplitude, but there is a certain phase shift phenomenon. It is therefore suggested that linear stack technology should be used when the requirements of both waveform quality and time precision are high. However, the selection of the stack method when the airgun source excitation is limited should be emphasized. If high fidelity is required, the S-transform stack method should be selected; if the required time is high, accuracy can be selected by phase-weighted stack method to achieve reasonable extraction of weak signals. 相似文献
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陆地大容量气枪震源可用于区域尺度地球物理结构及变化的勘测.对气枪震源在有限水体内震源过程的研究,有助于我们深入了解气枪信号机制及气枪信号不同震相产生的成因.然而由于有限水体中大容量气枪激发的复杂物理过程,特别是复杂固液界面的存在,目前却没有较好的理论模型用以描述陆地气枪震源信号的能量传播特征.反投影方法是一种计算震源破裂过程的方法,能在动力学参数有限的情况下得到较优的结果.本文以此提出了一种修改的反投影方法,以用于模拟气枪震源激发过程中的能量分布图像.将气枪的激发分解为五个简化的物理过程,并分别建立数值模型,计算每个模型的理论波场,用作新方法的输入数据.通过对五个数值模型的数据计算发现,该方法可以准确地得到气枪激发后水体中的波场形态的变化,能够分辨出气枪激发过程中的气枪激发、气泡上浮、气泡震荡等过程,刻画能量分布特征,并且发现水听器足够密集与合理布置能达到更好的效果.该方法可以为气枪震源的快速评估及气枪震源的有效应用提供参考. 相似文献
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为探索大容量气枪震源在深部地震探测中的应用,2015年10月在安徽铜陵段开展气枪流动激发试验。该试验采用沿长江航道激发、岸边固定排列接收的工作方式,因受长江航道及江岸地形的影响,加上原始记录中干扰波发育、静校正问题突出等,基于常规的共中心点叠加的数据处理方法已不再适用。为此,开展了针对性的数据处理方法研究。本文采用初至波层析静校正、叠前多域多道集去噪以及非纵弯线共反射面元叠加等一系列处理技术,结果显示所获测线经过区域的深部构造叠加剖面较清晰。 相似文献
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Based on the 2016 airgun experimental data of the Fujian Nanyi reservoir, we adopted the frequency domain water-level deconvolution method and cross-correlation time delay detection technique to study the influence of level scaling factor and the background noise level of the station on deconvolution calculation results, and analyze the effect of deconvolution on eliminating the influence of the source caused by different air-gun pressures. The results show that:(1) When the level scaling factor is smaller, the signal to noise ratio of the waveform after the deconvolution is smaller, and when the level scaling factor is over smaller, the identification error of travel time is greater. (2) When the SNR of the station record is higher, the recognition accuracy of travel time is higher, the influence of SNR on the reference station record is far greater than the far station, when the SNR of the far station record is more than 10, the error of travel time is within 6ms, but when the SNR of the reference station record is 30, the travel time error may reach to 20ms. (3) When the airgun source difference is big, the frequency domain water-level deconvolution method has better effect on eliminating the source influence, but the method error may be introduced when the source difference is small. 相似文献
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研究表明很多地震前后存在明显的热红外辐射异常.影响地物热红外辐射信息的因素很多,而地震相关的热红外辐射异常是强干扰背景下的弱信息,难以简单地将其提取出来.本文将地震相关的热红外辐射异常作为一种事件性的信号分析,通过小波包分析将热红外辐射信息的时间序列分解成不同频带的信号,通过分析各频带信号能量的变化规律进行事件性信号检测.2005年11月26日九江地震、2006年4月21日堪察加地震和1998年8月27日伽师地震的研究结果表明,小波包分析能有效检测这种事件性信号,同时显示这种事件性信号与地震活动之间关系的机理和时空演化特征是进一步研究的重点. 相似文献
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本文采用Hilbert-Huang变换分别对磁暴干扰下的“天宫二号”空间实验室大气质谱信号和乌鲁木齐地磁基准台FHDZ-M15所产出地磁数据进行特征分析.实验首先采用小波分析方法分析两种信号的能量谱,结果可得:“天宫二号”空间实验室大气质谱信号和M15地磁信号在磁暴时段能量较为集中,且幅值较大.该实验表明两种信号的能量分布成正相关性.基于Hilbert-Huang变换的时频聚集性及处理非平稳信号的能力,实验进一步采用Hilbert-Huang变换对磁暴干扰下的两种信号进行时频特性分析.通过对两种信号的Hilbert-Huang谱分析可得:“天宫二号”空间实验室大气质谱信号和M15地磁信号在磁暴干扰下的频率均主要集中在0.2 Hz之内.同时,Hilbert-Huang谱实验清晰反映出了两种信号能量随时间和频率的分布情况. 相似文献
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新疆地震台网对新疆呼图壁大容量气枪震源信号的接收能力及其影响因素分析 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
利用新疆地震台网资料和功率谱密度法,以台站噪声的功率谱密度中值曲线作为评估台站噪声水平的依据,对6个台站的噪声水平进行了评估。对比不同台站的功率谱密度和气枪震源信号的识别情况发现,通过2000次叠加,可以识别气枪震源信号的台站的噪声水平均低于无法识别气枪震源的台站,噪声功率谱密度最大差值为40dB,最小差值15dB。最后通过对噪声水平的评估,判断部分台站无法识别气枪震源信号的主要原因是台站噪声水平较高造成的。 相似文献
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利用固定台站分析长江激发气枪信号特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
“地学长江计划”安徽实验是以气枪震源为核心的大型主动源探测实验。通过在长江安徽段20个固定点定点激发气枪震源,结合109个固定台站、11条流动测线组成的观测网络,首次利用主动源实现了对长江流域安徽段约6万km2面积的三维地下结构探测。本文利用固定台站对长江激发气枪信号进行了分析,结果表明,长江中气枪信号激发效果良好,固定台记录中气枪信号可识别的最远距离达300km。对气枪信号绝对振幅的研究结果表明：① 50km处的气枪信号约为10nm量级,200km处的气枪信号小于1 nm;② 气枪信号强度的空间分布存在一定的方位各向异性,可能与长江的几何形状有关;③ 台站背景噪声对于提取气枪信号至关重要,高质量的固定台网为识别nm量级气枪信号提供了可能。 相似文献
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The signal excited by the airgun source is weak, and is easily affected by human motion noise, instrument failure, and earthquake and blasting events, resulting in insufficient utilization of the amplitude information of the airgun signal. The effective removal of interference and the preservation of true amplitude information of the signal is difficult in airgun signal processing. Based on the randomness of noise and the highly repetitive characteristics of airgun signals, we propose probability data screening method. The airgun data from experiments conducted in the Ansha Reservoir and Shanmei Reservoir in Fujian Province in June, 2017 are taken as the research object to assess the effect in practical applications. The results show that the probability data screening method can automatically reject multiple interferences and effectively preserve the amplitude information of the signal by screening out large amplitude records in appropriate proportions. Compared with direct linear superposition, the probability-related linear superposition method can effectively reduce the impact of abnormal interference, and significantly improve the quality of the observed data. 相似文献