共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
由于气枪震源信号较弱, 容易受外界噪声或者地震等因素干扰, 而使得其真实的振幅被掩盖。 这些干扰记录若直接参与叠加容易导致振幅信息不可靠, 也会影响叠加效果。 为消除干扰影响, 提出概率筛选和噪声模型筛选振幅叠加方法, 以2018年6月在福建龙门滩水库和沙溪口水库的气枪实验数据为例, 从剔除干扰的能力、 波形形态、 振幅值等方面说明两种方法的实际效果, 并对比两者的优缺点。 研究结果表明: ① 两种筛选方法均能有效去除异常干扰, 经处理后的气枪信号的波形形态和最大振幅值与直接线性叠加基本一致; ② 对于固定台网台站, 噪声频谱方法可方便确认台站的运行状态, 及时筛除异常台站; ③ 对于灵敏度等信息不详的流动台站, 噪声模型筛选方法使用受限, 而概率筛选方法简洁, 适用性强。 相似文献
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基于安砂水库气枪震源实验资料,采用线性叠加、频谱白化叠加和相位加权叠加三种常用叠加技术进行处理,从信噪比、波形相关性和震相走时差等方面,分析评估三种叠加方法的实际应用效果。结果表明:(1)相位加权叠加方法提高信噪比的能力最强,但是与线性叠加一样,两者都无法有效地消除强干扰,而频谱白化则可以削弱强干扰的影响,有利于信号准确识别;对低信噪比波形,频谱白化提高信噪比的效果优于线性叠加,反之亦然。(2)以线性叠加结果为参考,相位加权的相关性高,走时差基本为零,但波形中较小幅值的信号可能会被压制,影响小幅值波形信号的判别;频谱白化在台站信噪比高时,波形相关性较差,且存在一定走时差,可能出现震相到时前的波形被放大,使震相初至变得模糊,影响到时拾取精度。 相似文献
3.
Influencing factors of seismic signals generated by un-tuned large volume airgun array in a land reservoir 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7 
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下载免费PDF全文 Meng Chen Wei Yang Weitao Wang Baoshan Wang Hongkui Ge Li Chen Yansheng Ding Jiyan Qiao Yong Chen 《地震科学（英文版）》2014,27(4):365-376
Un-tuned large volume airgun array in a water reservoir is recently proposed as a new way to generate seismic waves on land. It can be used to explore the earth velocity structure and its temporal variations as well. However, the characteristics of seismic signals (especially far-field signals) from an airgun array in a reservoir and its affecting factors (firing pressure, airgun towing depth, water level of the reservoir, etc.) has not been adequately studied. We analyzed the seismic data collected from field experiments at Binchuan Transmitting Seismic Station in 2011 and 2013 and found that (1) The similarity of seismic signals decrease with distance, which is most likely induced by the decay of signal amplitude and signal to noise ratio (SNR); (2) The amplitudes of far-field airgun signals are almost linearly proportional to the firing pressure; (3) The towing depth of airgun has less effects on the far-field signals; (4) The amplitudes of far-field airgun signals are proportional to the water level of the reservoir. 相似文献
4.
XIANG Y YANG Runhai WANG Bin ZHOU Yunyao LU Yongqing WU Huan QI Junwei PENG Jing 《中国地震研究》2019,33(2):336-353
Because of the different excitation conditions of the airgun source, there will be subtle differences in airgun signals. Travel time variation of airgun signals often mix into source information which can''t fully reflect the evolution of the medium. This article uses the airgun signals from the Binchuan Transmitting Seismic Station to analyze the airgun signal''s characteristics of phase and correlation. We conducted a comparative analysis of the effects of the pair difference method and the deconvolution method on eliminating the influence of the excitation conditions in travel time variation. The results show that:(1) The pressure pulse and its subsequent wave of airgun source wavelet are less affected by excitation conditions that we can use it to obtain high-precision excitation moments. (2) Deconvolution can improve the correlation of the airgun signal. (3) The pair difference method can''t eliminate the influence of excitation conditions in travel time variation. Deconvolution can reduce excitation condition interference and the influence of the excitation condition in the travel time variation after deconvolution of the vertical signal is significantly reduced. 相似文献
5.
为探索大容量气枪震源在深部地震探测中的应用,2015年10月在安徽铜陵段开展气枪流动激发试验。该试验采用沿长江航道激发、岸边固定排列接收的工作方式,因受长江航道及江岸地形的影响,加上原始记录中干扰波发育、静校正问题突出等,基于常规的共中心点叠加的数据处理方法已不再适用。为此,开展了针对性的数据处理方法研究。本文采用初至波层析静校正、叠前多域多道集去噪以及非纵弯线共反射面元叠加等一系列处理技术,结果显示所获测线经过区域的深部构造叠加剖面较清晰。 相似文献
6.
Based on the data synthesis simulation and the actual processing of the airgun seismic source signal, three quantitative indicators of signal-to-noise ratio, waveform correlation coefficient and phase offset, are superimposed. We systematically evaluate the functions of the following three stack methods including linearity, phase weighting and S-transform in the extraction of weak signals under strong background noise and quantitatively estimate the reliability of the stack results. Through the comprehensive discussion of the above three methods of stack results, the preliminary comparative analysis believes that the linear stack signal-to-noise ratio is low, but the waveform distortion is minimal; the phase-weighted superimposed signal-to-noise ratio is high and the phase offset is small, but the results of the waveform quality and linear stack are larger than the deviation; the S-transform stack has a relatively higher signal-to-noise ratio and a small loss of waveform amplitude, but there is a certain phase shift phenomenon. It is therefore suggested that linear stack technology should be used when the requirements of both waveform quality and time precision are high. However, the selection of the stack method when the airgun source excitation is limited should be emphasized. If high fidelity is required, the S-transform stack method should be selected; if the required time is high, accuracy can be selected by phase-weighted stack method to achieve reasonable extraction of weak signals. 相似文献
7.
Repeating airgun sources are eco-friendly sources for monitoring the changes in the physical properties of subsurface mediums, but their signals decay quickly and are buried in the noises soon after traveling short distances. Stacking waveforms from different airgun shots recorded by a single seismic station (shot stacking) is the most popular technique to detect weak signals from noisy backgrounds, and has been widely used to process the data of Fixed Airgun Signal Transmission Stations (FASTS) in China. However, shot stacking sacrifices the time resolution in monitoring to recover a qualified airgun signal by stacking many shots at distance stations, and also suffers from persistent local noises. In this paper, we carried out several small-aperture seismic array experiments around the Binchuan FAST Station (BCFASTS) in Yunnan Province,China, and applied the array technique to improve airgun signal detection. The results show that seismic array processing combining with shot stacking can suppress seismic noises more efficiently, and provide better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and coherent airgun signals with less airgun shots. This work suggests that the array technique is a feasible and promising tool in FAST to increase the time resolution and reduce noise interference on routine monitoring. 相似文献
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新疆地震台网对新疆呼图壁大容量气枪震源信号的接收能力及其影响因素分析 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
利用新疆地震台网资料和功率谱密度法,以台站噪声的功率谱密度中值曲线作为评估台站噪声水平的依据,对6个台站的噪声水平进行了评估。对比不同台站的功率谱密度和气枪震源信号的识别情况发现,通过2000次叠加,可以识别气枪震源信号的台站的噪声水平均低于无法识别气枪震源的台站,噪声功率谱密度最大差值为40dB,最小差值15dB。最后通过对噪声水平的评估,判断部分台站无法识别气枪震源信号的主要原因是台站噪声水平较高造成的。 相似文献
10.
基于非稳态多项式拟合的地震噪声衰减方法研究(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于非稳态多项式拟合理论,针对地震数据中同相轴振幅变化这一特征,我们提出了一种地震噪声衰减的新方法。非稳态多项式拟合系数是时变的,通过整形正则化约束多项式拟和系数的光滑性,自适应的估计地震数据的相干分量。基于动校正后的共中心点道集(CMP)中地震信号的相干性,利用非稳态多项式拟合估计有效信号,从而衰减随机噪声。对于线性相干噪声,如地滚波,首先利用径向道变换(RadialTraceTransform,RTT)将地震数据变换到时间一视速度域,在时间—视速度域利用非稳态多项式拟合估计出相干噪声,然后减去相干噪声。该方法可以有效的估计振幅变化的相干分量,不需要相干分量振幅为常量的假设。模拟和实际资料处理结果表明,与传统的稳态多项式拟合和低切滤波相比,该方法可以更为有效的衰减地震噪声,同时保真了地震有效信号。 相似文献
11.
J. J. NOOTEBOOM 《Geophysical Prospecting》1978,26(1):194-201
During the last few years many airgun arrays have been designed with the objective of generating a short signature of high amplitude. For linear arrays of non-interacting airguns two rules have been derived that may help in the design or evaluation of airgun arrays. To achieve a short pressure pulse, the total available air volume has to be distributed over the individual guns in such a way that the tail of the signal, owing to the added bubble signals, becomes as flat as possible. When we think of ordering airguns according to volume, this flat signal tail can be achieved by designing the volumes such that the difference in bubble times of two adjacent guns is proportional to their volume to the power 2/3. The amplitude expected from a linear array of non-interacting airguns is limited by the physical length of the array. A graph of measured values tends to confirm this relation. No relation has been found between the total volume of an array and its amplitude. The graph also detects inefficient use of available array length of existing arrays. 相似文献
12.
为了避免形态滤波方法在大地电磁强干扰分离中的"过处理"、进一步保留大地电磁低频段的有用信息,提出基于信噪辨识的矿集区大地电磁噪声压制方法.首先,从信号处理的角度剖析矿集区典型强干扰与天然大地电磁微弱信号之间的定量辨识关系,利用形态分形维数和形态膨胀谱熵对大地电磁信号与强干扰进行信噪辨识.然后,结合形态滤波技术和阈值法,仅对辨识出明显不是天然大地电磁信号的异常波形进行噪声压制.最后,重构大地电磁有用信号,并对算法进行性能评价.仿真结果表明,形态分形维数和形态膨胀谱熵能较好地定量辨识大地电磁信号与强干扰,大地电磁信号中一些缓变化的低频信息得到了更为精细的保留;与形态滤波整体处理相比,本文所提方法获得的卡尼亚电阻率曲线更为光滑、连续,视电阻率值相对稳定,其结果更为真实地反映了测点本身所固有的大地电磁深部构造信息. 相似文献
13.
Weak Seismic Signal Extraction Based on the Curvelet Transform 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Seismic signal denoising is a key step in seismic data processing. Airgun signals are easy to be interfered with by noise when it travels a long distance due to the weak energy of active source signal of the airgun. Aiming to solve this problem, and considering that the conventional Curvelet transform threshold processing method does not use the seismic spectrum information, we independently process the Curvelet scale layer corresponding to valid data based on the characteristics of the Curvelet transform of multi-scale, multi-direction and capable of expressing the sparse seismic signals in order to fully excavate the information features. Combined with the Curvelet adaptive threshold denoising the algorithm, we apply the Curvelet transform to denoising seismic signals while retaining the weak information in the signal as much as possible. The simulation experiments show that the improved threshold denoising method based on Curvelet transform is superior to the frequency domain filtering, wavelet denoising and traditional Curvelet denoising method in detailed information extraction and signal denoising of low SNR signals. The calculation accuracy of the relative wave velocity variation of underground medium is improved. 相似文献
14.
大地电磁信号具有非线性、非平稳、非最小相位特征,不符合以Fourier变换为基础的传统功率谱估计的基本要求. Hilbert-Huang变换是近年发展起来的处理非线性、非平稳信号的完全局部时频分析方法. 本文在简要介绍Hilbert-Huang变换基本原理与算法基础上,以实际数据分析为例,探讨了它在大地电磁信号处理及噪声压制中的应用. 提出利用Hilbert时-频能量谱对大地电磁信号进行时段筛选,以提高信号品质,增强数据处理的质量和资料的可解释性. 利用经验模态分解方法及其多尺度滤波特征,可以有效地分析MT信号中的噪声分布特征,并进行干扰压制. 相似文献
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应用基于EMD的小波阈值去噪方法,去除地电场观测资料中轨道交通干扰,并将小波阈值去噪法和EMD去噪法的效果相比较,结果表明:该方法能够滤除地电场信号中的地铁干扰,同时保留原始信号中微小的突变,突出有用信息,提高地电场台站观测数据的使用率,有较好的去噪效果。基于EMD的小波阈值去噪方法可推广到其他地球物理观测资料的去噪分析,甚至地电场与地电阻率同场地观测中人工供电干扰信号的剔除。 相似文献
16.
In the design of linear airgun arrays the interaction between the airguns is usually neglected. We review the different formulae which have been proposed for the minimum separation between airguns at which the interaction is negligible. These formulae can all be approximated by a linear function of a single variable. We have analyzed a large number of measurements in order to establish the amount of interaction between two airguns of various volumes at different pressures and depths. The resulting far-field signature has been measured and compared with the sum of the signatures from the two airguns measured in the same experimental situation. The changes in primary pulse amplitude, bubble period and primary/bubble peak-to-peak amplitude ratio were computed from the measurement data as a function of airgun separation, chamber volume, chamber pressure and airgun depth. The influence of a waveshape kit was investigated, and the effects of interaction and the effects of using a waveshape kit were compared. 相似文献
17.
利用固定台站分析长江激发气枪信号特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
“地学长江计划”安徽实验是以气枪震源为核心的大型主动源探测实验。通过在长江安徽段20个固定点定点激发气枪震源,结合109个固定台站、11条流动测线组成的观测网络,首次利用主动源实现了对长江流域安徽段约6万km2面积的三维地下结构探测。本文利用固定台站对长江激发气枪信号进行了分析,结果表明,长江中气枪信号激发效果良好,固定台记录中气枪信号可识别的最远距离达300km。对气枪信号绝对振幅的研究结果表明：① 50km处的气枪信号约为10nm量级,200km处的气枪信号小于1 nm;② 气枪信号强度的空间分布存在一定的方位各向异性,可能与长江的几何形状有关;③ 台站背景噪声对于提取气枪信号至关重要,高质量的固定台网为识别nm量级气枪信号提供了可能。 相似文献
18.
数学形态滤波是一种新型的非线性滤波方法.介绍了形态学滤波的基本原理,针对大地电磁信号表现出的非线性、非平稳性和非最小相位特性,综合结构元素特征我们提出一种基于数学形态滤波的大地电磁噪声压制方法.为了有效抑制目标信号中的噪声干扰及修正统计偏倚现象,通过选用合理的结构元素及形态开-闭、闭-开组合,将正、负结构元素级联构造组合广义形态滤波器对实测大地电磁信号进行噪声压制.实验结果表明,该方法是切实可行的,有效地剔除了大尺度干扰及基线漂移,较好地还原了大地电磁信号的原始特征,修正了标准形态算子所产生的统计偏倚现象,去噪精度高.该方法计算速度快,具有潜在优势,为矿集区海量大地电磁信号与强干扰的分离提供了一条新的途径,应用前景广阔. 相似文献
19.
为压制大地电磁信号中的强人文干扰,提出一种基于压缩感知重构算法的大地电磁信号去噪方法.通过构建与常见典型强干扰相匹配而对有用信号不敏感的冗余字典原子,利用改进的正交匹配追踪算法,分离出大地电磁信号中的强干扰成分.为了验证所述方法的强干扰分离效果,首先通过在实测大地电磁信号中加入理想的强干扰信号进行了仿真分离实验,然后从大量实测数据中选取三种含有不同类型强干扰的时间域片段,用所述方法对实测数据中的强干扰进行分离,最后将所述方法应用于青海试验点以及庐枞矿集区某测点实测数据的综合处理.仿真实验结果表明,该方法在分离出强干扰的同时,能够较好地保留有用信号.实测数据处理结果表明,该方法能够有效压制强干扰,改善强干扰区大地电磁数据的质量. 相似文献
20.
利用云南省宾川主动源基地周边10km范围内7个流动台站2017年2月气枪震源集中激发时段记录的气枪信号,使用干涉法计算了直接使用波形和将波形与参考台反褶积后的格林函数两种处理方法下气枪信号的走时变化。使用了气枪震源附近不同方位角的两个参考台的数据,以分析不同参考台对走时变化结果的影响。结果表明:反褶积能较为有效的压制气枪震源的时间、空间和频谱轻微不重复性导致的走时变化;反褶积能降低一些来源不明的伪走时变化;使用CKT2的数据反褶积的结果略优于CKT0,其可能原因是气枪阵列沿方位角的非均匀辐射。 相似文献