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1.
蚂蚁河岩体主要由辉长闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩构成。辉长闪长岩和二长花岗岩中的锆石呈自形晶,发育细微振荡生长环带,显示高的Th/U值(0.14～2.56),表明了锆石的岩浆成因。锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年结果表明,辉长闪长岩中锆石206Pb/238U年龄集中于219～227Ma,其加权平均年龄为(224±4)Ma(n=8);二长花岗岩中锆石年龄为217～241Ma,206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(226±3)Ma(n=19)。岩石地球化学分析结果表明,蚂蚁河岩体具有双峰式岩石组合特征,辉长闪长岩具有较低的SiO2,较高的TiO2、MgO和CaO,以及富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs)和轻稀土元素(LREEs),亏损高场强元素(HFSEs)特征,其87Sr/86Sr初始值和εNd(t)值分别为0.7037和3.45～3.82。上述特征暗示岩浆起源于亏损岩石圈地幔;相反,花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩具有较高的SiO2,较低的TiO2、MgO和CaO,以及强烈富集Rb、Th、U,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti、Ba、Sr的地球化学属性,其87Sr/86Sr初始值和εNd(t)值分别为0.7053～0.7058和-0.73～-3.40,暗示了岩浆的壳源成因。蚂蚁河岩体双峰式岩石组合的存在反映了伸展的构造背景,结合区域构造研究成果,其成因应与扬子和华北克拉通之间俯冲碰撞后的伸展环境有关,华北克拉通东部中生代岩石圈减薄或破坏始于晚三叠世,减薄或破坏空间范围应包括吉南地区。  相似文献   

2.
新疆东天山黄山岩体岩石地球化学特征与岩石成因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
黄山岩体位于东天山北部的土墩-黄山-图拉尔根镁铁-超镁铁质岩带中段,受康古尔塔格-黄山韧性剪切带控制,主要由橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、辉石岩、辉长苏长岩、辉长岩以及辉长闪长岩组成.岩石化学组成属拉斑玄武岩系列,普遍富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Ba,Sr),亏损高场强元素(Nb,Ta,Ti).岩体εNd(t)=+4.1～+9.2,除3件样品εSr(t)为+2.2,+12.5和+15.4,大部分εSr(t)=(-22.5～-4.5),Nd,Sr同位素组成基本属亏损型地幔特征;Pb同住素初始值(206Pb/204Pb)i=18.081～18.413,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.441～15.513,(208Pb/204Pb)i=37.461 6～37.899,具有MORB亲和性.岩相学及岩石地球化学特征显示岩浆演化过程中主要发生了橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石和斜长石的分离结晶作用.岩浆演化晚期阶段发生了一定程度的同化混染作用,元素地球化学和Nd,Sr,Pb同位素体系证明,岩浆源区主体由软流圈地幔物质组成,同时也有一定量富集型岩石圈地幔组份加入.黄山岩体是岩石圈根部拆沉加热熔融和软流圈地幔上涌减压熔融的产物,这种地幔动力学机制应该对应于后碰撞伸展环境.  相似文献   

3.
李红霞  郭锋  李超文  赵亮 《岩石学报》2010,26(5):1530-1540
珲春地区前山镁铁质侵入岩主要由橄榄辉长岩、苏长岩和辉长闪长岩组成,形成年龄273±2Ma,为早二叠世侵入岩。该岩体显示出岛弧拉斑玄武岩的元素地球化学特征,弱富集LREE且正Eu(Eu/Eu*=1.05～1.44)异常的REE配分模式,在不相容元素中富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)如Ba和Sr,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)(La/Nb=2.8～4.8;Zr/Sm=8.0～22.5),与起源于流体交代地幔楔部分熔融的岛弧低钾拉斑玄武岩类似。在同位素特征上低放射成因Sr,高放射成因Nd和Hf(87Sr/86Sr(i)=0.70295～0.70375;εNd(t)=+4.5～+6.4;εHf(t)=+9.6～+14.6),反映其来源于同位素组成亏损的交代地幔。结合区域地质背景,我们认为前山镁铁质岩形成于晚古生代期间古亚洲洋向华北板块的俯冲作用背景,其亏损Nb-Ta、Zr-Hf及Hf-Nd同位素解耦特点说明该岩体最有可能来源于俯冲流体交代的地幔楔。  相似文献   

4.
王芳  陈福坤  侯振辉  彭澎  翟明国 《岩石学报》2009,25(11):3057-3074
本文报道冀北崇礼-赤城地区晚古生代花岗岩类岩石的锆石U-Pb年龄和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成特征.它们出露在华北陆块北缘的构造单元内,侵位于中高级变质基底岩石红旗营子群中.锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明,海流图花岗岩岩体记录了两期岩浆作用,即299±3Ma和254±11Ma;镇宁堡片麻状二长花岗岩和白花沟片麻状黑云母石英二长闪长岩分别形成于287±1Ma和252±3Ma.这些晚古生代花岗岩类岩石具有较低的初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值(0.7062～0.7076)、低的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-18.1至-9.6)和古老的Nd亏损地幔模式年龄(2.49～1.87Ga).其锆石的ε~(Hf)(t)值变化在-13.2至-7.4之间,Hf平均地壳模式年龄值(T_(DM)~C)在2.15Ga至1.79Ga之间.锆石Hf同位素特征与全岩Nd同位素特征指示古老的华北陆块地壳物质是花岗岩浆的主要物源.在形成时代和地球化学特征上,崇礼-赤城地区晚古生代花岗岩与出露在东部丰宁-承德地区的花岗岩类岩石既有相似性,又有不同之处,可能代表华北陆块北缘不同构造背景下岩浆作用的产物.  相似文献   

5.
王敏  王居里  胡洋  王建其 《岩石学报》2018,34(3):618-636
谢米斯台地区位于新疆西准噶尔北部,该地区中酸性岩浆活动强烈。本文对谢米斯台地区乌兰萨拉岩体进行了地质、地球化学、年代学及全岩Sr-Nd和锆石Hf同位素研究。结果表明,乌兰萨拉岩体是一个由碱长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩组成的复式岩体。碱长花岗岩形成时代为晚志留世(422.7±2.0Ma),岩石高硅、富碱,属于准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩;球粒陨石标准化配分模式图显示"V"字型配分样式,Eu负异常强烈,相对富集Ga、K、Rb、Th、U和Pb,亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Cr和Ni等;岩石具有低(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i值(0.7017~0.7038),正的ε_(Nd)(t)值(+4.49~+6.58)和锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值(+10.0~+14.2),Hf同位素模式年龄(t_(DM2))为500~771Ma。花岗闪长岩形成时代为早泥盆世(411.7±1.7Ma),属于准铝质,高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列花岗岩;球粒陨石标准化配分模式图显示右倾型配分样式,无明显Eu异常,相对富集LREE、LILE(Rb、Ba、K)、Th、U和Pb,亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti等;岩石具有低的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i值(0.7041~0.7046),正的ε_(Nd)(t)值(+1.66~+3.87)和锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值(+4.4~+13.9),Hf同位素模式年龄(t_(DM2))为516~1120Ma,岩石Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素出现一定程度的解耦。综合研究认为,乌兰萨拉岩体碱长花岗岩属A_2型花岗岩,花岗闪长岩属I型花岗岩,两者都是由新生下地壳发生部分熔融而形成,前者经历了一定程度的分离结晶作用,后者受到亏损玄武质岩浆(俯冲板片脱水交代地幔楔产生的上涌岩浆)的底侵,它们均形成于陆缘弧环境。  相似文献   

6.
华北克拉通北部古-中元古代富碱侵入岩主要分布在燕辽三叉裂堑系和辽吉拗拉谷中及附近,为一套高碱高钾的基性-中性岩,以正长岩类为主。本文通过开展系统的 Nd、Sr、Pb 同位素研究,发现所有岩体岩石均以高负ε_(Nd)(t)为特征,ε_(Nd)(t)=-3.4～-7.5,平均值为～4.8,这与研究区古-中元古代基性-超基性岩石的 Nd 同位素特征(ε_(Nd)(t)=-4～-8) 一致,与燕辽裂堑系发育的偏碱性火山岩 Nd 同位素特征(ε_(Nd)(t)=-4.3～-8.9)也比较相似,表明它们的物质来源相似,都与富集地幔有关。Sr 同位素初始比值(~(87)St/~(86)Sr)_i比较低,主要变化在0.7028～0.7053之间,平均值为0.7041。钾长石铅同位素组成普遍较低,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)pb/~(204)Pb、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb 比值变化范围(梁屯-矿洞沟岩体除外)分别为14.500～15.70l、14.887～15.150和34.178～36.537,平均值分别为14.968、14.984和35.057。在ε_(Nd)(t)-ε_(Sr)(t)图解上,所有岩体的投影点均在地幔演化趋势线附近,比较接近 EMI 型富集地幔端员,暗示它们的物质来源与 EMI 型富集地幔有关;钾长石 Pb 同位素模式图也说明这些岩体物质来源与地幔和下地壳有关。通过两端员混合模拟,揭示了岩浆演化过程中存在少量的下地壳物质混染,平均约14%左右。从2.5Ga 左右开始华北克拉通岩石圈地幔的亏损程度逐渐变小,在2.2Ga 左右局部呈现富集性特征,1.85Ga时整个岩石圈地幔已经完全转变为富集性,之后富集程度越来越高。推测早期俯冲携带的壳源物质以及后期地幔流体的交代作用可能是岩石圈地幔逐渐转变为富集性的原因。  相似文献   

7.
矿洞沟岩体位于华北克拉通东部,由粗粒正长岩、细粒正长岩和闪长岩组成,其中细粒正长岩和闪长岩具有明显的岩浆混合特征,它们侵入到粗粒正长岩中。锆石的LA-ICPMS U-Pb年代学研究表明,粗粒正长岩形成于1879±17Ma,而细粒正长岩和闪长岩分别侵位于1874±18Ma和1870±18Ma,三者在误差内基本相同,因此,矿洞沟岩体的侵位时代为古元古代。矿洞沟正长岩和闪长岩富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有相对均一的全岩Nd同位素。但粗粒正长岩、中粒正长岩和闪长岩中锆石Hf同位素组成却不均一,分别为ε_(Hf)(t)=-2.5～ 3.0,-1.5～ 3.4和-3.5～ 2.7,明显高于辽东地区太古代片麻岩演化到古元古代时的Hf同位素组成,表明它们来源于太古代新生地壳的部分熔融并有大量地幔物质的加入。野外地质观察、主量元素组成及岩石中锆石具有相同U-Pb年龄却具有不同的Hf同位素等特征表明,矿洞沟正长岩和闪长岩是壳源岩浆和幔源岩浆混合作用的结果。矿洞沟正长岩体的侵位标志着辽东地区在古元古代时期处于南北地块碰撞后的伸展环境,与华北克拉通东部陆块的形成和演化以及全球古元古代末期Columbia超大陆的形成和裂解有关。  相似文献   

8.
黑龙江三矿沟Fe-Cu矿床是中亚造山带东段大兴安岭北部裸河-多宝山-三矿沟NW向成矿带中矽卡岩型矿床的典型代表。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学表明,与成矿密切相关的黑云母花岗闪长岩的锆石谐和年龄和238U/206Pb加权平均年岭分别为175.9±1.6Ma和175.9±1.1Ma,二者在误差范围内具有良好的一致性,表明多宝山成矿区在早侏罗世晚期存在一期重要的岩浆-热液成矿事件。三矿沟花岗闪长岩的元素地球化学特征具有岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学亲缘性:岩石富钠(Na2O/K2O=1.39～1.59),准铝质(A/CNK=0.87～0.91),富集轻稀土元素(LREE),(La/Yb)N=8.02～10.45,Eu显示弱负异常(δEu=0.82～0.98),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Rb、Ba、K)和元素地球化学性质活泼的不相容元素(U、Th、Pb),相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE,如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti)。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析结果表明:三矿沟花岗闪长岩具有低的Sr同位素初始比值((87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7041～0.7045)、高的Nd同位素初始比值((143Nd/144Nd)i=0.512556～0.512576)、正的εNd(t)值(2.8～3.9)、年轻的二阶段亏损地幔模式年龄(tDM2=647～733Ma)和幔源铅同位素组成特征((206Pb/204Pb)t=18.121～18.418;(207Pb/204Pb)t=15.480～15.511;(208Pb/204Pb)t=37.628～37.713),上述同位素地球化学特征均显示花岗闪长质岩浆主要源于亏损地幔源区。结合东北地区区域构造演化和岩体微量元素及同位素组成特征反映该矿床形成于岛弧的构造背景,其形成可能与侏罗纪古太平洋板块的俯冲作用密切相关。  相似文献   

9.
张亮  李碧乐  刘磊  王盘喜  李良 《岩石学报》2021,36(7):2007-2028
东昆仑造山带东段发现一套早泥盆世双峰式侵入岩岩体组合。本文对该套双峰式侵入岩开展了岩石学、锆石UPb年代学、岩石地球化学、Sr-Nd及Hf同位素研究,结果显示:(1)该套双峰式侵入岩主要由橄榄辉长岩、辉长岩和碱长花岗岩组成,其定年结果分别为410.3±2.7Ma、409.3±2.7Ma和410.5±1.8Ma,表明其形成于早泥盆世。此外,基性岩浆在侵位过程中捕获了形成于晚奥陶世至中-晚志留世(445～428Ma)的锆石。(2)橄榄辉长岩和辉长岩位于钙碱性系列-低钾拉斑质系列区域,Mg~#=82～84,相对富集Rb、U、K、Pb、Nd等,相对亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、P等;碱长花岗岩具有高Si、K,高FeO~T/MgO,低Al、Mg、Ca,相对富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb、Nd等,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Eu、Ti等,显示出A型花岗岩特征。(3)基性岩ε_(Nd)(t)=-3.38～-6.21,ε_(Hf)(t)=-4.04～+2.83(大部分为负值),Nd和Hf模式年龄分别为t_(DM2)(Nd)=1282～1511Ma和t_(DM2)(Hf)=1236～19141Ma;碱长花岗岩ε_(Nd)(t)=-3.33～-3.65,ε_(Hf)(t)=-0.03-2.45,Nd和Hf模式年龄分别为t_(DM2)(Nd)=1277～1303Ma和t_(DM2)(Hf)=1245～1396Ma。岩石地球化学、Sr-Nd及Hf同位素特征揭示该套双峰式侵入岩的基性端元和酸性端元来源于不同的岩浆源区,基性端元来自于EMII型富集地幔并遭受地壳混染,经历了橄榄石、辉石的分离结晶;酸性端元为低压高温条件下长英质地壳的部分熔融。结合区域构造演化认为原特提斯洋在早泥盆世已经完成闭合,此时东昆仑地区处于后碰撞伸展环境。  相似文献   

10.
对山东中侏罗世-早白垩世侵入岩中锆石的原位Hf同位素分析显示,形成于晚太古代(上交点年龄～2.5Ga)的继承锆石具有正的ε_(Hf)(t)值( 8～ 1),Hf同位素模式年龄集中在2.6～2.8Ga,与辽宁古生代金伯利岩中基性下地壳捕虏体中锆石Hf组成和Hf模式年龄十分一致,Hf模式年龄也与研究区变质岩和花岗岩的全岩Nd模式年龄相同,因此,这些继承锆石来自于晚太古代由岩浆底侵形成的基性下地壳。新生锆石出现在继承锆石周围或者以独立颗粒出现,其U-Pb年龄为177Ma和132～126Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)值均为负值(-23～-1)。山东中生代侵入岩的形成与富集岩石圈地幔,亏损地幔和地壳三个端员之间的相互作用有关。其中根据来源于晚太古代下地壳的侏罗纪铜石二长花岗岩限定的研究区下地壳ε_(Hf)(t)平均值为-20,根据来源于富集岩石圈地幔的早白垩纪沂南辉长岩限定的富集地幔端员的ε_(Hf)(t)为-16。部分样品锆石ε_(Hf)(t)变化非常大(-20～-1),示踪了岩浆作用过程中亏损地幔物质的参与程度的逐渐增强。这种变化是华北晚中生代岩石圈大规模减薄作用的结果。  相似文献   

11.
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.  相似文献   

12.
本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。  相似文献   

13.
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提  相似文献   

14.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.  相似文献   

16.
本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。  相似文献   

17.
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.  相似文献   

18.
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.  相似文献   

19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.  相似文献   

20.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。  相似文献   

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