共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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利用机载LiDAR点云数据进行建筑物重建是当今摄影测量与遥感领域的一个热点问题,特别是复杂形状建筑物模型的精确自动构建一直是一个难题。本文提出一种基于关键点检测的复杂建筑物模型自动重建方法,采用RANSAC法与距离法相结合的分割方法自动提取建筑物屋顶各个平面的点云,并利用Alpha Shape算法提取出各个平面的精确轮廓,根据屋顶平面之间的空间拓扑关系分析建筑物的公共交线特征,在此特征约束下对提取的初始关键点进行修正,最终重建出精确的建筑物3维模型。选取不同类型复杂建筑物与包含复杂建筑物的城市区域点云进行实验,结果表明该算法具有较强实用价值。 相似文献
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Automated reconstruction of building objects from aerial images is a complex problem due to the diversity of buildings as well as noise and low contrast of images, which are the results of distant photography, atmospheric effects and poor illumination. In this paper, a semi-automated approach to the reconstruction of parametric building models from aerial images is presented, which works with line segments extracted from the image. The model is selected interactively from a library of parametric models. A perceptual grouping technique is used to select the most significant image lines in terms of relations such as proximity and parallelism. Model lines are searched for the same relations as in the grouped image lines, and the corresponding lines undergo a matching procedure, which determines whether or not a match can be found between the given model and image lines. An experiment with aerial images of flat-roof and gable-roof buildings is shown and its results indicate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed approach. 相似文献
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Serkan Ural Ejaz Hussain Jie Shan 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
Geospatial distribution of population at a scale of individual buildings is needed for analysis of people's interaction with their local socio-economic and physical environments. High resolution aerial images are capable of capturing urban complexities and considered as a potential source for mapping urban features at this fine scale. This paper studies population mapping for individual buildings by using aerial imagery and other geographic data. Building footprints and heights are first determined from aerial images, digital terrain and surface models. City zoning maps allow the classification of the buildings as residential and non-residential. The use of additional ancillary geographic data further filters residential utility buildings out of the residential area and identifies houses and apartments. In the final step, census block population, which is publicly available from the U.S. Census, is disaggregated and mapped to individual residential buildings. This paper proposes a modified building population mapping model that takes into account the effects of different types of residential buildings. Detailed steps are described that lead to the identification of residential buildings from imagery and other GIS data layers. Estimated building populations are evaluated per census block with reference to the known census records. This paper presents and evaluates the results of building population mapping in areas of West Lafayette, Lafayette, and Wea Township, all in the state of Indiana, USA. 相似文献
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This paper presents a generative statistical approach to automatic 3D building roof reconstruction from airborne laser scanning point clouds. In previous works, bottom-up methods, e.g., points clustering, plane detection, and contour extraction, are widely used. Due to the data artefacts caused by tree clutter, reflection from windows, water features, etc., the bottom-up reconstruction in urban areas may suffer from a number of incomplete or irregular roof parts. Manually given geometric constraints are usually needed to ensure plausible results. In this work we propose an automatic process with emphasis on top-down approaches. The input point cloud is firstly pre-segmented into subzones containing a limited number of buildings to reduce the computational complexity for large urban scenes. For the building extraction and reconstruction in the subzones we propose a pure top-down statistical scheme, in which the bottom-up efforts or additional data like building footprints are no more required. Based on a predefined primitive library we conduct a generative modeling to reconstruct roof models that fit the data. Primitives are assembled into an entire roof with given rules of combination and merging. Overlaps of primitives are allowed in the assembly. The selection of roof primitives, as well as the sampling of their parameters, is driven by a variant of Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique with specified jump mechanism. Experiments are performed on data-sets of different building types (from simple houses, high-rise buildings to combined building groups) and resolutions. The results show robustness despite the data artefacts mentioned above and plausibility in reconstruction. 相似文献
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针对高分辨率遥感影像建筑物变化检测精度不高的问题,本文提出了一种改进城市建筑物变化检测方法。首先通过提取像元顶点构造像元图集,并以长宽比与矩形度作为变化检测测度,对后一期影像进行影像分割,识别建筑物轮廓对象。将建筑物轮廓进行几何关系筛选,完成建筑物变化信息提取。实验表明,该方法具有较高的变化检测精度,可明显削弱光照条件和成像角度对建筑物变化检测精度的影响,是一种普适性较强的城市建筑物变化检测方法。 相似文献
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Uwe Soergel Eckart Michaelsen Antje Thiele Erich Cadario Ulrich Thoennessen 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2009,64(5):490-500
SAR stereo image analysis for 3D information extraction is mostly carried out based on imagery taken under same-side or opposite-side viewing conditions. For urban scenes in practice stereo is up to now usually restricted to the first configuration, because increasing image dissimilarity connected with rising illumination direction differences leads to a lack of suitable features for matching, especially in the case of low or medium resolution data. However, due to two developments SAR stereo from arbitrary viewing conditions becomes an interesting option for urban information extraction. The first one is the availability of airborne sensor systems, which are capable of more flexible data acquisition in comparison to satellite sensors. This flexibility enables multi-aspect analysis of objects in built-up areas for various kinds of purpose, such as building recognition, road network extraction, or traffic monitoring. The second development is the significant improvement of the geometric resolution providing a high level of detail especially of roof features, which can be observed from a wide span of viewpoints. In this paper, high-resolution SAR images of an urban scene are analyzed in order to infer buildings and their height from the different layover effects in views taken from orthogonal aspect angles. High level object matching is proposed that relies on symbolic data, representing suitable features of urban objects. Here, a knowledge-based approach is applied, which is realized by a production system that codes a set of suitable principles of perceptual grouping in its production rules. The images are analyzed separately for the presence of certain object groups and their characteristics frequently appearing on buildings, such as salient rows of point targets, rectangular structures or symmetries. The stereo analysis is then accomplished by means of productions that combine and match these 2D image objects and infer their height by 3D clustering. The approach is tested using real SAR data of an urban scene. 相似文献
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DSM数据中多层次、多直角房屋的三维重建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据房屋的层次结构特点,采用附加约束条件的最小二乘平差精化房屋几何模型,使得重建房屋满足现实世界中多数房屋邻接墙面直角相交的要求.对于非平顶房屋,采用法向量统计分析的方法与模型库中的房屋类型匹配,然后按匹配类型重建房顶.实验表明,本方法对于从DSM数据中重建多层次、多直角房屋和人字型屋顶等类型的房屋是行之有效的. 相似文献
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半自动机载LiDAR点云建筑物三维重建方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对全自动建筑物3D重建存在需要后续人工检验,且发现重建错误需要花费额外时间修改的问题,提出了一种半自动的面向对象的机载LiDAR点云建筑物3D重建方法。基于建筑物类别点云的联通分析和平面生长分割结果,提出了自动的建筑物栋数检测、单栋建筑物外轮廓提取、单栋建筑物内部结构线提取方法;同时,在计算机无法完成部分工作时,人工辅助计算机完成高程阶越线提取、识别建筑物屋顶附属物点云等工作。实验证明,该方法可以适用于高密度机载LiDAR点云数据中城区大部分建筑物的3D模型重建。 相似文献
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增强形态学建筑物指数应用于高分辨率影像中建筑物提取 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
分辨影像是城市地物覆盖分析的重要数据基础,本文提出了一种增强的形态学建筑物指数（EMBI）,利用该指数和地物的几何形状约束来完成高分辨率建筑物的自动提取。本方法首先提取城市的不透水层特征,然后通过建立建筑物属性与形态学运算之间的关系得到了EMBI特征图像以增强对建筑物的描述,随后结合形状特征（长宽比,面积等）采用决策树分析的方法完成对建筑物的最终提取。为了验证本文提出的方法,利用华盛顿商业街的航空高分辨高光谱HYDICE影像和武汉洪山区的两幅QuickBird影像进行实验,实验的精度对比反映本文算法比MBI算法能获得更好的建筑物提取结果,其总体精度分别提高了7.31％,6.48％,7.83％,从而表明EMBI算法更可靠。 相似文献
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YU Jie YANG Haiquan TAN Ming ZHANG Guoning 《地球空间信息科学学报》2006,9(4):281-284
IntroductionThanks to a large number of applications ,suchas map updating, urban planning or land useanalysis ,extraction of artificial objects ,such asbuildings ,roads fromthei mages has been an ac-tive research field for many years . Since build-ings ar… 相似文献
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Extraction of buildings from LIDAR data has been an active research field in recent years. A scheme for building detection and reconstruction from LIDAR data is presented with an object-oriented method which is based on the buildings' semantic rules. Two key steps are discussed: how to group the discrete LIDAR points into single objects and how to establish the buildings' semantic rules. In the end, the buildings are reconstructed in 3D form and three common parametric building models (flat, gabled, hipped) are implemented. 相似文献
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面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像城区建筑物分级提取方法 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
提出一种高空间分辨率遥感影像城区建筑物自动提取方法。该方法将面向对象的思想融入到基于邻域总变分的建筑物分割方法中,并通过分析分割后不同类型建筑物提取的难易程度,提出一种多特征融合的建筑物对象分级提取策略:首先通过形状分析检测一部分分割完整的矩形建筑物目标,然后采用新提出的多方向形态学道路滤波算法将建筑物与邻近光谱相似的道路目标分离,确保每一个候选建筑物目标都是独立的对象,最后利用初提取的建筑物对象和已剔除的非建筑物对象作为样本建立概率模型,根据贝叶斯准则进行建筑物后提取。实验表明:该方法可以检测同一幅影像中具有不同形状结构和光谱特性的建筑物目标,准确率高、鲁棒性好。 相似文献
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建筑物轮廓作为建筑物三维重建的重要元素,在建立智慧城市和数字城市中至关重要。本文针对从机载激光雷达点云中提取建筑物轮廓数据处理的点云滤波、建筑物屋顶面提取、建筑物轮廓提取,以及提取精度评定各环节存在的一些问题,提出了一种综合区域生长改进算法、三维Hough变换算法和α-shape算法的建筑物轮廓提取方法。该方法在对机载LiDAR点云数据去噪的基础上,首先利用改进的区域生长算法滤波地面点,并基于地物点到地面的归一化高程特征通过高度阈值去除高度较为低矮的地物点;再基于三维Hough变换算法从剩余建筑物和高大树木点云中提取建筑物平面;最后使用α-shape算法提取建筑物的轮廓信息。对使用RIEGLVQ-1560i机载激光雷达测量系统扫描的某城区点云数据进行计算,通过匹配度、形状相似度和位置精度等评价指标对提取的建筑物轮廓进行精度评定。结果表明,综合区域生长改进算法、三维Hough变换算法和α-shape算法的建筑物轮廓提取方法可以准确提取建筑物的轮廓信息,对于大范围的建筑物轮廓提取具有稳定性和普遍适用性。 相似文献
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To visualize large urban models efficiently, this paper presents a framework for generalizing urban building footprints and facade textures by using multiple Gestalt rules and a graph-cut-based energy function. First, an urban scene is divided into different blocks by main road networks. In each block, the building footprints are partitioned into potential Gestalt groups. A footprint may satisfy several Gestalt principles. We employ the graph-cut-based optimization function to obtain a consistent segmentation of the buildings into optimal Gestalt groups with minimal energy. The building footprints in each Gestalt group are aggregated into different levels of detail (LODs). Building facade textures are also abstracted and simplified into multiple LODs using the same approach as the building footprint simplification. An effective data structure termed SceneTree is introduced to manage these aggregated building footprints and facade textures. Combined with the parallelization scheme, the rendering efficiency of large-scale urban buildings is improved. Compared with other methods, our presented method can efficiently visualize large urban models and maintain the city's image. 相似文献
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Three-dimensional (3-D) representations of urban regions have gained much attention because of recent developments in remote sensing and computer graphics technologies. In particular, textured 3-D building reconstruction for a variety of applications has been a popular research topic in recent years. In this study, we present the reconstruction of 3-D building models along with texture selection and mapping. Extracted two-dimensional building patches and normalized digital surface model (nDSM) data are used to generate the 3-D models. To build near-photorealistic 3-D models, the acquired geo-referenced facade textures are associated with the corresponding building facades using an automated GPS-assisted approach. On the other hand, the modelling and texture mapping of the roof structures were carried out manually. The study area is composed of eight housing estates (blocks), where a total of 110 buildings were analysed. The whole study area was modelled, with facade textures, in less than 1 min of processor running time with an acceptable level of accuracy. The texture mapping was carried out using MATLAB’s Virtual Reality Toolbox?. 相似文献
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建筑物提取一直是机载激光点云数据处理研究的热点,其中建筑物和其他地物之间的区分是研究的核心和难点。为提高建筑物与其他地物在机载激光点云中的区分能力,提出了一种建筑物点云层次提取方法。首先,在点云滤波后,从非地面点云中提取建筑物候选区域;然后,通过形态学重建和点云平面分割方法对建筑物候选区域构建多尺度空间,并建立目标区域的拓扑关系图;最后,在拓扑关系图基础上,利用5种特征量对目标区域分类,并精确提取建筑物点云。为了测试算法的有效性和可靠性,利用国际摄影测量与遥感学会（International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,ISPRS）提供的Vaihingen和Toronto两组测试数据集进行实验,并由ISPRS对结果进行评估,其中基于面积和目标的完整度、正确率和提取质量分别都大于87.8%、94.7%、87.3%。与其他建筑物提取方法相比,该方法在基于面积和目标的质量指标方面最为稳定。实验结果表明,在不同的城市场景下,该算法能够稳健地提取建筑物,并保持很高的正确率。 相似文献
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CommunityViz是一个基于ArcGIS的规划软件,在城市规划中运用CommunityViz 3. 3版本的决策工具Build-Out分析可以按已有的土地利用规则来估算规划区域未来兴建建筑物数量,并根据规划的布局模式进行空间定位及以3维场景进行直观展示.论文结合实例介绍了Build-Out分析在城市规划中的应用. 相似文献