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利用NCEP/NCAR的再分析资料和GMS红外黑体亮度温度 (TBB) 资料等, 对1991年6月9—11日的一次黄河气旋暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:黄河气旋的发生发展是大气斜压性强烈发展的结果, 强的高空辐散与正涡度平流共同作用形成了黄河气旋, 对流层低层的暖平流促进了黄河气旋的进一步发展, 并对其移动方向有引导作用; 暴雨出现在黄河气旋的初生、发展阶段, 产生于气旋前部暖区的盾状云系中; 暴雨的水汽有西南和东南两个来源, 其中西南水汽通量大于东南; 暴雨区上空大气具有很强的对流不稳定性, 中尺度对流云团的发生发展, 造成了气旋降水分布的不均匀性和强降水中心; 降水造成的凝结潜热释放对气旋的发展有正反馈作用。 相似文献
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《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,(4)
利用天气观测资料、NECP/NCAR再分析资料对2001年1月—2015年8月发生在山东的32例气旋导致的大范围的暴雨过程进行了分析。将气旋分为黄河气旋型、黄淮气旋型与江淮气旋型,针对每类气旋重点分析其暴雨发生的动力机制、水汽特征,暴雨落区等,并建立了概念模型。结论如下:(1)黄河气旋型暴雨落区在气旋移动方向的左前方,暖锋附近,天气尺度强迫有利于暴雨产生,水汽来源于西南气流输送或气旋本身。(2)黄淮气旋型暴雨落区在气旋移动方向的左前方,属暖区降水,高低空急流垂直耦合诱发深对流,促使暴雨产生。(3)江淮气旋型暴雨落区在气旋中心北侧,属冷区降水,其环流形势经向度较大,诱使低层低涡切变线北移,为系统性暴雨的产生提供水汽条件和动力条件。(4)三类气旋暴雨过程中,对流层高层多为辐散场或高空急流入口区右侧,低层多有低涡配合;当有低空偏南风急流出现时,降水量大,反之,则小;暴雨中心均与850 h Pa水汽通量散度辐合区、高比湿区及高能舌区三者相叠置的位置相吻合。 相似文献
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利用天气观测资料、NECP/NCAR再分析资料对1999-2009年发生的24例气旋导致的山东大范围的暴雨过程进行了研究。参照教科书分类标准将气旋分为黄河气旋型、黄淮气旋型与江淮气旋型,在丰富前人气候统计特征的基础上,提炼出概念模型。针对每类气旋重点分析气旋发展的动力机制、水汽特征,确定暴雨落区与各物理量场的配置关系。结论如下：(1)黄河气旋型暴雨落区在气旋移动方向的左前方,暖锋附近,天气尺度强迫有利于暴雨产生,水汽来源于西南气流输送或气旋本身。(2)黄淮气旋型暴雨落区在气旋移动方向的左前方,属暖区降水,高低空急流的垂直耦合诱发深对流,促使暴雨产生。(3)江淮气旋型暴雨落区在气旋中心北侧,属冷区降水,其环流形势经向度较大,诱使低层低涡切变线北移,为系统性暴雨的产生提供水汽条件和动力条件。(4)三类气旋暴雨过程中,对流层高层多为辐散场或高空急流入口区的右侧,低层多有低涡配合;当有低空偏南风急流出现时,降水量大,反之,则小;暴雨中心均与850hPa水汽通量散度辐合区、高比湿区及高能舌区三者相叠置的位置相吻合。 相似文献
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一次黄河气旋暴雨大尺度高低空急流影响的数值试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过１９８７年８月２６日一次黄河气旋暴雨的数值试验，研究高，低空气流和强对流暴雨以及高，低空急流间的相互作用。指出：这是一次在有利的中尺度条件下，低空急流诱发的中尺度扰动不断发展，引起次天气尺度黄河气旋的发生，发展，从而产生暴雨的过程。通过减弱高，低空急流的试验，指出：低空急流是产生中尺度扰动和次天气尺度黄河气旋的必要条件，高空急流为气旋的产生提供了必要的环境场。同时高，低空急流相互作用，低空急流 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料、山东自动站资料以及NCEP/NCAR1°×1°逐6h再分析资料,对2013年5月26日山东气旋暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：此次暴雨是由高空低涡切变线和地面气旋共同影响产生。暴雨发生在深厚的暖湿气流中,高低空系统随高度略向北倾斜,冷空气比较弱,暴雨落区主要位于地面气旋中心北部的东南气流里。在这次暴雨过程中,850hPa西南急流与东南急流对能量锋区的形成与维持起到关键的作用,暴雨的落区主要位于能量锋区内并偏于θse高值区一侧。此次气旋暴雨也是发生在深厚的强上升运动区内,在这次过程中暴雨落区及其移动与强的上升运动中心的相关性比较好。暴雨的辐合中心主要集中在950hPa附近,比一般暴雨的辐合层(一般在900hPa附近)高度更低,说明边界层辐合对于气旋暴雨的重要性。暴雨过程中,700hPa山东 MPV1为正值,MPV2为负值;700hPa等压面上MPV1正值中心与该层上的低涡系统对应比较好。 相似文献
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河套气旋发展东移与北京721暴雨的关系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对河套气旋发展东移引发的北京2012年7月21日特大暴雨天气过程(简称“北京721暴雨”)进行了诊断分析。结果表明：河套气旋是北京721暴雨的直接影响系统,高空辐散区的强迫作用和对流层低层锋区走向“引导”河套气旋改变了北上的常规路径,迫使其东移直接影响河北、北京地区。河套气旋在沿着锋区东移过程中,由暖心正压气旋转变为斜压性气旋,同时,将锋区的势能转变为动能使河套气旋迅速发展,形成正反馈效应,使得本次暴雨天气过程降水强度自西向东不断增强。河套气旋在北京特大暴雨中的作用表现为：动力抬升、增强水汽输送、触发不稳定能量等三方面。午后,河套气旋暖锋触发不稳定能量释放,在北京地区产生强对流系统,形成中尺度对流辐合体（MCC）,使得降水强度成倍增长,是北京地区产生特大暴雨的主要原因,东南气流中地形抬升作用对降水有增幅作用,北京721暴雨是多种有利因素叠加所致。 相似文献
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通过对影响山东的９５０５号热带气旋环流暴雨过程分析，指出了中低纬天气系统相结合对山东降水的作用。涡度分析表明，登陆后减弱的热带气旋环流移动路径，基本上与５００ｈＰａ场上正涡度轴线方向一致；暴雨区与正涡度中心右前方的正涡度区有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
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我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
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准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
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The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
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流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献
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由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
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Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
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Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献