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1.
This paper shows the importance that urban planning plays in the development of Hong Kong. This leads to a reassessment of the role of the government, which is the sole proprietor of the land, in the economy – while it acknowledges the importance of market forces. The first part shows how, since 1945, Hong Kong authorities have been obliged to intervene more in urban planning and local development, despite their liberal ideology. The second part focuses on the interaction between government action and market forces, and their influence in this development. The third part deals with the question of the economic integration between Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) after China started its economics reforms in 1978. The deconcentration of Hong Kong industries to China was mainly due to market forces, but provided a new role for the government. This role is analyzed through its transportation policy – the domain with the most visible governmental intervention before and after 1997. It indicates the preference of the government to develop the territory rather than better integration with the PRD, because of the internal economic problems that may emerge from this integration. Nevertheless, for political and economic reasons, this integration is also seen as necessary. The future of Hong Kong’s economy lies in the answers the authorities will give to this dilemma. 相似文献
2.
The potential and prospect for global cities in China: in the context of the world system 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Shi YulongChris Hamnett 《Geoforum》2002,33(1):121-135
Over the last two decades, accompanying their rapid economic development, many `mega-cities' in China have devoted themselves to changing their relationships to the global economy and some have aimed at attaining global (world) city status as a key future development goal. This paper examines the relationship between global (world) city status and the emerging world economic system, and discusses the intense competition between `mega-cities' in the Asia-Pacific region that Chinese cities will face in the 21st century, especially after the Asia financial crisis. It also explores the potential and possibility of achieving global or world city status in China. The main arguments are that only Hong Kong, Shanghai and Beijing have the possibility to attain leading positions in the global urban system in the future. Post-1997, it has been very important for the Chinese government to find a way to coordinate the functions of Hong Kong and the other major cities which allows them to operate smoothly together under quite different political systems. Finally, the authors analyse the relationships between these three metropolises and suggests some possibilities for coordinating their roles in the global urban system. 相似文献
3.
Industrial relocation of Hong Kong manufacturing firms: towards an expanding industrial space beyond the Pearl river delta 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper explores the recent industrial relocation of Hong Kong manufacturing firms in the Pearl River Delta. Based on a
combination of recent surveys, four in-depth case studies and nearly 20 firm interviews through the end of 2008, the paper
argues that in response to a dynamic business environment in the region, some Hong Kong manufacturing firms in the PRD are
forced to design new spatial strategies. The paper also identifies the different relocation strategies adopted by Hong Kong
manufacturing firms, namely, total relocation, stratified relocation and “pseudo relocation”. The industrial space of Hong
Kong manufacturing firms will be expanded beyond the PRD. In addition, the new round of relocation of Hong Kong manufacturers
is a response to the initiative ushered in by the provincial and local governments in order to achieve the objectives of industrial
upgrading, sustainable environment and regional balanced development. 相似文献
4.
Globalization and transport revolutions, logistics integration, and the consequent expansion of port area and hinterland in the maritime industry have redefined the functional role of ports in supply chains and have generated a new pattern of freight distribution. This phenomenon again requires a new approach towards port development and related urban planning. Such changes have inevitably influenced the spatial structure of hub port cities. As existing models on spatial and functional evolution of ports and cities are mainly derived from European and American cases, this paper attempts to introduce evidence from an Asian perspective, focusing on the particular case of global hub port cities such as Hong Kong and Singapore. 相似文献
5.
Ella Ödmann 《Geoforum》1973,4(1):31-41
Urbanisation is a functional change in land utilisation which requires a high degree of coordination in time and space. Swedish society has not considered it possible to entrust this coordination to the free market forces. A number of measures was introduced during the latter part of the sixties with a view to coordinating housing development by means of local authority-land ownership and preventing land speculation. In a recently published report of a Government Commission it is proposed that dwellings receiving Government housing loans (more than 90 % of building construction) shall only be built on land which is owned by the local authorities. The local authorities may then be assumed to be the only purchasers of land for housing development purposes. Their housing policy can be given a more short-term character and can be better adapted to urban planning. Urban development in Sweden during recent decades is characterised by a struggle between the two groups of our mixed-economy society, i. e., a social democratic government, and capitalistic enterprise. As far as the private individual is concerned, both parties are remote decision makers. The important question is whether an improvement in town environment may be expected before the private individual has been given a chance to influence planning. The relationship between housing development and land ownership in some Swedish towns over the period 1950–1970 is presented as an example of the realization of land policy. 相似文献
6.
珠江口伶仃洋两岸5000年来沉积差异显著。西岸沉积了数千平方公里的三角洲平原,却失去了所有深水良港;而东岸的香港海岸,则长期处于侵蚀状态,保留了曲折的海岸和陡峻的水下岸坡,形成众多的深水港湾。以上差异对香港城市发展有深远影响。文章提出城港关系演变的3个阶段。香港高度发达的商业中心和现代化港口的各种功能系统在最狭小的空间里交叠在一起,带来城市发展的一系列问题。最后对今后50年香港城市发展进行情景分析。从持续发展的角度,指出计划的大屿山新港址有严重的策略选择问题。提出未来香港都市向大屿山东北扩展的策略选择。 相似文献
7.
Roger C.K. Chan 《GeoJournal》1998,44(3):225-237
Cross-border zones have been developed rapidly in China since 1979. This was largely due to the global economic restructuring
in the post-Fordist era. The enclave of Hong Kong plays an indispensable role in the process. While China adopts the Open
Door Policy, factories in Hong Kong are quick to relocate to the Pearl River Delta region in order to benefit from the low
production costs and other preferential policies. The paper first reviews the factors leading to the economic integration
between Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta region of southern China. It then examines the sectoral changes and the socio-economic
data of the region. Rapid urbanization and rural urbanization are reflected in the quest for infrastructural development plans
and the loss of quality farmland. They also bring along environmental hazards. The paper concludes with the call for a comprehensive
development strategy for the region into the next century.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Peter M. Townroe 《Geoforum》1984,15(2):143-165
The Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area is the second largest urban centre in terms of population among the developing countries of the world. The federal and state government authorities responsible for planning urban development in the State of Sao Paulo in Brazil have been actively considering whether to advocate a new policy initiative to decentralise manufacturing industry from the metropolitan area as a further strategy to restrain future growth. This paper discusses the particular situation facing policy-makers in Sao Paulo in the mid-eighties, as well as using the Sao Paulo policy problem to illustrate a number of themes of relevance to all would-be large city restraint strategies in developing nations. The paper draws upon a programme of research undertaken in the World Bank between 1980 and 1982; in particular, on a large industrial survey of companies establishing in new locations during 1977–1979 in the State. The policy recommendations are cautious, given continuing levels of ambiguity in policy objectives and of uncertainty in the pattern of underlying market forces. 相似文献
9.
Yong-Woong Kim 《GeoJournal》2001,53(1):5-15
In the early stages of economic development in Korea, national territorial planning was used as a policy tool to guide spatial structure and to provide physical infrastructure for urban and industrial development. Such a top-down approach was inevitable because Korea maintained the centralized political and government system until the early 1990s. Circumstances, however, have changed recently since the 1990s with progress in democratization and localization. In addition, forces of globalization are making significant impacts on the parameters of national territorial planning. Reflecting these changes in both internal and external conditions, the Fourth National Territorial Plan (2000–2020) has adopted a different approach from the past three territorial plans. This paper reviews the socio-economic background that necessitated such changes in approaches to national territorial planning. A major thrust of the Fourth Plan, a focus on emergent or anticipated planning issues in Korea, is discussed. Finally, the paper examines the rationale for long-term strategic planning in the highly fluctuating situation facing Korean society in the new century. 相似文献
10.
《Geoforum》1987,18(2):151-164
Industrialisation in developing countries is the result of a complex combination of external and internal forces. The role of the state is especially important, as the experiences of Hong Kong and Singapore clearly demonstrate. These two city states achieved spectacular economic growth rates throughout the 1960s and 1970s. In the mid-1980s, however, both face substantial problems of adjustment to changed economic and political circumstances, both external and internal. Some of these problems, and the responses which are being made to them, are outlined in this paper. 相似文献
11.
地质旅游利用现有的地质资源，以一种崭新的角度去发展可持续性的旅游景点。香港地少人多，发展旅游吸引点是极度困难的。香港陆地约有30％为花岗岩覆盖，其中的一半已在城市之下，其余的则拥有相当吸引人的地质景象，有极大潜力发展地质旅游。除吸引地质生态有关游客外，在花岗岩地区开发地质旅游，更容易普及地球科学，同时增强公众对地质地貌之欣赏能力，提高环保及地质保护意识。不过，于香港花岗岩区发展地质旅游所遇到的困难亦不少，主要来自规划、行政及安全的问题，当中需要政府、地区民众及地质旅游工作者并肩合作，寻求最佳解决方法。 相似文献
12.
Land reclamation in Singapore,Hong Kong and Macau 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The spatial and temporal significance of land reclamation from the sea in relation to the development of the three SE Asian small coastal territories of Singapore, Hong Kong and Macau are examined and compared. In all three territories the rate of reclamation has been an index of the rate of economic development. Four phases of land reclamation are identified: (1) pre-1900: involved relatively unplanned and uncostly projects in shallow water and swamplands around the main focus of settlement; (2) 1900–1945: involved military projects outside the main settlement core; (3) 1945–1980: this phase of large-scale projects unconstrained by natural conditions because of advances in technology and high rate of reclamation was driven by rapid industrial and population growth; (4) 1980 to date: a period marked by large infrastructure projects designed to maintain and extend the status of the territories as world economic and commercial centres. Currently 10%, 5% and 33% of the total land surfaces of Singapore, Hong Kong and Macau respectively comprise land reclaimed from the sea and these proportions will continue to rise. 相似文献
13.
Dr. Jacob O. Maos 《GeoJournal》1977,1(4):29-35
Conclusion Despite its uniqueness, the vitality inherent in the rural structure of Israel is of particular interest to other developing regions with a predominant rural-agricultural population. Latin American countries, for example, are investing considerable resources in the development of new lands through construction of penetration roads and other infrastructure. Several countries have created regional development authorities; some have policies designed to attract private investments into virgin areas.13) The general emphasis tends increasingly toward state-initiated and planned settlement, often in conjuction with agrarian reform programs — an approach dictated both by economic efficiency and welfare criteria.Past experience has shown that the rural population has to be organized in viable communities in order to become amenable to economic and cultural integration. Communities must likewise be spatially organized in an optimal way that will make it possible to provide them with amenities and so direct their production for the purpose of achieving economic status. At the same time, maximum flexibility must be preserved to fit varying developmental stages, since physical plans once carried into effect are extremely difficult to modify.In order to reduce the social and economic pull of existing urban centers it may be advisable to develop new settlement areas as self-sufficient enclaves, independent to some extent from the facilities existing in the region. The settlements would share the national infrastructure of communications and public services, but would gear their production to regional as well as extra-regional demand, bypassing the traditional local market place. Then, as the new communities consolidate as social and economic entities, the options for collaboration or competition with existing central places can be laid open on a more equitable basis.Admittedly such sheltered development may affect the role of the local intermediary and lessen the commercial activities of the urban sector, but it would also stimulate the development of an independent framework of handling, marketing, and an increasing degree of processing the settlements' produce. These complementary activities would help to retain part of the added value of the production and generate new sources of employment for successive village generations. The delay in the growth for the region's total output may well be worthwhile for achieving that social and economic transformation which in turn may lead to a more balance and sustained development of the entire region.14) 相似文献
14.
根据珠江三角洲土地利用的实际情况,在借鉴国内外较为成熟的技术方法的基础上,利用Landsat卫星的TM和ETM 数据对珠江三角洲经济核心区域的土地利用进行了监督分类后的变化检测,探讨了该区域1998～2003年间的土地利用变化状况。另外,本研究以1998～2003年的土地利用变化为基础数据,着重探讨了各类土地利用转化的强度和趋势,同时分析其转化机理。结果表明,珠江三角洲经济核心区内城市逐步向外扩张,并侵占了其周边的农田用地,与此同时,为了保证农田总量的平衡,农田对其外围的林地逐步进行侵蚀,是林地总量减少的根本原因。本文通过对土地利用转化的机理研究,可以为政府土地管理部门进行农业结构调整、控制和规划提供重要的参考依据。 相似文献
15.
Kefa M. Otiso 《GeoJournal》2005,62(1):117-128
Kenya has been promoting equitable urban and regional development since the 1970s despite the lack of a clearly formulated national urban policy or an urban and regional development policy. A key element of the country’s equitable urban and regional development effort is the promotion of secondary cities that would relieve population pressure in the countryside, help to better integrate the country’s rural and urban economies, help to reduce congestion and improve the quality of life in the metropolitan cities of Nairobi and Mombasa, and help increase the modernization spin-off which urban centers provide to the surrounding rural areas. Using recent census and economic survey data, this paper examines the current state of Kenya’s secondary cities in the context of its urban and regional development strategies. The paper finds that: (1) the country’s urban and regional development strategies have failed to work as planned largely because of insufficient devolution of power and fiscal responsibility to municipal and other local government units, (2) the country’s secondary cities are faced with immense challenges that undermine their ability to live up to expectations, (3) some of these cities have significantly grown economically over the last four decades despite immense challenges, and (4) Nairobi’s dominance of Kenya’s economy continues because of policies that unwittingly concentrate investments there. The paper concludes with strategies that could enhance the country’s urban and regional development programs and, in the process, aid the development of its secondary cities. 相似文献
16.
Kenya has been promoting equitable urban and regional development since the 1970s despite the lack of a clearly formulated national urban policy or an urban and regional development policy. A key element of the country’s equitable urban and regional development effort is the promotion of secondary cities that would relieve population pressure in the countryside, help to better integrate the country’s rural and urban economies, help to reduce congestion and improve the quality of life in the metropolitan cities of Nairobi and Mombasa, and help increase the modernization spin-off which urban centers provide to the surrounding rural areas. Using recent census and economic survey data, this paper examines the current state of Kenya’s secondary cities in the context of its urban and regional development strategies. The paper finds that: (1) the country’s urban and regional development strategies have failed to work as planned largely because of insufficient devolution of power and fiscal responsibility to municipal and other local government units, (2) the country’s secondary cities are faced with immense challenges that undermine their ability to live up to expectations, (3) some of these cities have significantly grown economically over the last four decades despite immense challenges, and (4) Nairobi’s dominance of Kenya’s economy continues because of policies that unwittingly concentrate investments there. The paper concludes with strategies that could enhance the country’s urban and regional development programs and, in the process, aid the development of its secondary cities. 相似文献
17.
Three hydrographic surveys were carried out in Deep Bay, which is located in the eastern part of Pearl estuary between Shenzhen, the most successful special economic zone of PRC, and Hong Kong. Data on current, size distributions of bottom sediment, suspended solids, and some water quality parameters were obtained. This information is of value for mathematical modeling of tidal circulation and sediment transport in the bay, and also useful in the planning of further development in this area. The sedimentation rate in Deep Bay was estimated by two different approaches, viz. comparison of historical navigation maps and210Pb dating. Information obtained from the maps indicated that average sedimentation rate between 1898 and 1949 was about 8 mm/yr, while a 15 mm/yr figure was obtained from the210Pb dating for recent years. 相似文献
18.
Over the past century, Hong Kong port has experienced a fascinating development process as it has become one of the world's number one container ports. This paper explores some of the major external impacts and consequences of Hong Kong's past and current port development experience, with particular reference to environmental planning and control. After a brief introduction to Hong Kong's port, the paper focuses on the planning and management lessons related to the port's development. The paper then concludes with its impact on and reference for mainland China's port and port-city development. 相似文献
19.
粤港澳大湾区（以下简称大湾区）水资源现状及其演化规律关系到该区社会经济的高质量发展。本文对大湾区"9市+2区"近10年的社会经济与水资源现状及其协同演化规律进行分析研究。结果显示：目前大湾区供水主要依赖地表水，水资源的分布与区域经济发展不协调，作为区域发展核心引擎的香港、澳门、深圳（极度缺水）以及广州（重度缺水）人均水资源量过低。广州、佛山、中山、东莞（>80%）以及深圳（>40%）水资源开发利用程度高，水资源供需压力大。通过归因分析得到大湾区的水资源利用现状与社会经济的协同规律：产业结构影响用水结构以及水资源开发利用程度，控制用水效率。区域内产业结构与发展趋势，及其与世界湾区的对比分析验证了产业结构理论中的"配第-克拉克定理"。随着大湾区经济持续的发展与产业结构优化，大湾区用水效率将提高，人均用水量会逐步降低。同时城市公共用水、生活用水需求量将持续上升，需确保大湾区供水设施，供水量及供水安全满足未来社会经济发展需求。 相似文献
20.
上海市地质工作历经60多年发展,从传统地质勘查到现代城市地质调查,汇集了海量地质数据,创新了地质成果表现形式,拓宽了服务领域,为特大型城市规划、建设和安全管理提供了坚实基础。上海城市地质工作从承担地勘项目到主动融入市政府综合管理平台,已成为城市经济与社会发展的重要环节。未来,上海城市地质工作将通过精深勘查和精细化管理,进一步注重影响城市安全的环境地质问题,努力为上海城市生态文明建设再创新的业绩。 相似文献