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1.
底栖有孔虫壳体Mg/Ca是重建深层水团古温度的主要指标。通过分析表层沉积物样品中底栖有孔虫Uvigerina peregrina壳体的Mg/Ca和δ18 O,探讨了"Mg/Ca古温度重建方法"在白令海低温水体中的可行性及其转换函数。结果表明,利用U.peregrina壳体δ18 O换算的"结壳温度"明显低于"现代水团温度",不能客观反映温度对Mg/Ca的控制作用;可能受季节性变化的影响,水深小于150m样品中U.peregrina壳体的Mg/Ca与"现代水团温度"之间并没有表现出明显的相关性,但是,在深海区两者之间却呈现出良好的指数关系:Mg/Ca=0.69*e0.43*T。该公式指出白令海低温水体中Mg/Ca对温度的敏感性约为43%℃-1,由其估算的温度误差约为0.2℃。 相似文献
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在古海洋学研究中,常用浮游有孔虫来恢复表层海水温度(SST),然而基于浮游有孔虫恢复SST的这些方法之间存在一定的差异.为了说明各方法的特点,在浮游有孔虫鉴定和浮游有孔虫表层种Globigerinoides ruber Mg/Ca比值测试的基础上,分别利用转换函数FP12-E,现代类比(Modern Analog Te... 相似文献
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有孔虫Mg/Ca温度计是古海洋学研究中恢复古温度的重要手段之一。然而,越来越多的研究表明,Mg/Ca温度计的准确性受多种因素的影响,特别是盐度的控制十分重要。文章实测并搜集整理了印-太暖池地区全新世(大约11kaB.P.以来)1000余个浮游有孔虫Mg/Ca比值数据,分别利用包含和不包含盐度信息的两个常用转换方程求取了古海水温度,并将二者进行了对比,旨在探讨盐度因素对Mg/Ca温度计的影响。结果显示,在表层水温大约28℃以下,两个方程获得的结果几乎一致,平均差异为0.07℃;在表层水温28℃以上,二者平均相差大约1℃。此外,表层海水盐度越低,包含盐度信息的转换方程获得的古海水氧同位素的值越大。上述结果揭示盐度对该地区有孔虫Mg/Ca比值的影响效应不明显。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(4)
热带西太平洋是全球海-气相互作用最强烈的区域,在地球气候系统中极为重要。为获得该海区末次冰盛期(LGM)海洋表层温度(SST)变化,以Ontong-Java海台WP7浮游有孔虫G.ruber为材料,结合其他站位,通过求解由G.ruber壳体镁钙元素比值(Mg/Ca)、壳体氧同位素(δ18Oc)和SST相互关系组成的方程组,排除了海水盐度对G.ruber壳体Mg/Ca的影响,对SST降幅进行了估算。结果表明,热带西太平洋LGM时期SST较晚全新世(LH)降幅达到了4.5℃,其中西太平洋暖池核心区(29℃等温线以内)约3.9℃,远大于以前的估算结果,但小于热带印度洋约5.8℃的结果,接近热带东太平洋约3.6℃的SST降幅,这可能是LGM时期西太暖池规模向东缩小的结果。 相似文献
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表层海水温度（简称SST）的变化,已经成为古海洋学研究中一项至关重要的基础资料。古温度的定量估算已成为理解地球气候系统演化的关键性环节,是古环境研究中的前沿问题,海水古温度再造方法备受关注。从最初的标志种和标志性生物组合,到后来的转换函数估算海水表层温度,再发展到用地球化学方法获得古海水温度,如有孔虫氧同位素、U37^k和有孔虫Mg/Ca比、珊瑚骨骼Sr/Ca、U/Ca和Mg/Ca等,古海水温度的估算方法日趋完善。从原理、方法的优缺点及适用范围等角度,对这些方法进行了介绍,并对将来表层海水古温度研究工作提出了一些建议。 相似文献
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有孔虫在生长发育过程中能够捕获或黏附周围海水中的钙质或硅质形成自己的壳体,因此有孔虫的地球化学特征能够记录古气候、古海洋和古环境信息。以2017年蛟龙号第136潜次在南海珍贝海山底部约2500 m水深位置精准采集的柱状样品为研究对象,对其中的G.ruber以及G.sacculifer两类浮游有孔虫壳体的Mg/Ca以及碳氧同位素组成进行了分析测试。结果表明自12.6 ka以来该海域表层海水温度(SST)的变化范围为24.4~29.3℃,平均温度为26.2℃,并能够识别出明显的气候突变事件,在时间范围上与新仙女木事件和全新世东亚夏季风突变事件大致吻合。这些突变事件可能受控于ENSO活动和热带辐合带(ITCZ)平均位置的纬向移动,并与北大西洋冰筏事件具有遥相关。此外,发现全新世期间浮游有孔虫G.sacculifer和G.ruber的碳同位素分馏值Δ^13CG.sacculifer-G.ruber与SST变化有关,SST降低时,Δ^13CG.sacculifer-G.ruber呈负偏;而在SST升高时,Δ^13CG.sacculifer-G.ruber呈正偏。 相似文献
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滨珊瑚骨骼的锶和钙元素的比值(Sr/Ca)是重建热带海区海水表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)变化最常用的地球化学代用指标之一。但是, 珊瑚作为生物体, 其生理活动会对骨骼内的Sr/Ca产生干扰从而影响重建的准确度。文章采用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱(Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer, ICP-OES)技术对南海北部涠洲岛两块滨珊瑚的Sr/Ca比值进行测量, 并结合卫星观测的SST值分别建立各个珊瑚个体的Sr/Ca-SST温度计方程。结果显示: 1) 该研究采集的两种滨珊瑚(澄黄滨珊瑚和普哥滨珊瑚)的Sr/Ca值和温度计具有显著的种间差异。因此在古气候重建时, 建议古珊瑚和现代珊瑚严格使用同一种滨珊瑚; 2) 同种滨珊瑚不同个体之间的Sr/Ca也存在差异性, 一方面是由于冬、夏季的极端低、高温对珊瑚生理产生胁迫, 从而造成Sr/Ca出现异常值; 另一方面则是取样误差导致, 尤其是夏季高温和冬季低温时期; 3) 同一珊瑚个体内的不同生长轴的生长率存在显著差异, 然而Sr/Ca却没有显著的差异性, 说明不同生长轴的取样对骨骼Sr/Ca没有显著影响。最后, 文章用多样品的平均值建立Sr/Ca温度计方程, 用于减小个体之间的差异性带来的误差, 得到Sr/Ca(mmol·mol-1)= -0.04027×SST(℃)+9.623的方程。用该温度计对涠洲岛海域的SST后报的误差为±0.6℃(1σ), 达到了古海温重建的精度需求。 相似文献
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胶州湾海水中的钙和镁 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
于1989年10月28日在胶州湾的23个站位采集表层水样,对Ca、Mg及盐度、氯度、碱度等化学要素进行了测定,并用崂山水库水进行了稀释实验。结果表明,Ca/s,Mg/s均高于大洋水,其值分别为0.01250±7×10~(-4)和0.03728±1×10~(-4)。湾东北部的Ca,Mg均高于中部及湾口海域,这是湾东北部的工业废水及高盐卤水排放所致;CaCO_3(20℃)呈现过饱和状态。认为,ca,Mg有良好的保守性,低盐混合水样在放置过程中pH的下降可能与空气中CO_2的溶解有关,从而将引起ca,Mg含量的相对增高。 相似文献
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本文对海南岛南岸三亚湾2008~2009年海水的周间隔取样,用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)分析方法对其Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca比值进行了测定。结果显示其比值（Sr/Ca=8.558~9.227mmol/mol,Mg/Ca=4.924~5.403 mol/mol）与全球各大洋和主要珊瑚礁区有明显地高异常偏差,而且在春末夏初和秋末冬初两个过渡期,三亚湾海水Sr/Ca比值波动幅度比Mg/Ca相对较大,且体现了一定的差异性。在此基础上,结合海水的Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca比值在时间和地域空间上的变化对珊瑚温度计标定的影响,及对不同站点建立的珊瑚Sr/Ca温度计进行了重新校正,并与分配系数法对比分析,我们认为利用珊瑚的Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca比值重建古SST记录时必须综合考虑包括海水微量元素比值变化在内的各种影响因素对温度计标定的干扰。 相似文献
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《热带海洋学报》2018,(6)
滨珊瑚骨骼的锶和钙元素的比值(Sr/Ca)是重建热带海区海水表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)变化最常用的地球化学代用指标之一。但是,珊瑚作为生物体,其生理活动会对骨骼内的Sr/Ca产生干扰从而影响重建的准确度。文章采用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱(Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer, ICP-OES)技术对南海北部涠洲岛两块滨珊瑚的Sr/Ca比值进行测量,并结合卫星观测的SST值分别建立各个珊瑚个体的Sr/Ca-SST温度计方程。结果显示:1)该研究采集的两种滨珊瑚(澄黄滨珊瑚和普哥滨珊瑚)的Sr/Ca值和温度计具有显著的种间差异。因此在古气候重建时,建议古珊瑚和现代珊瑚严格使用同一种滨珊瑚;2)同种滨珊瑚不同个体之间的Sr/Ca也存在差异性,一方面是由于冬、夏季的极端低、高温对珊瑚生理产生胁迫,从而造成Sr/Ca出现异常值;另一方面则是取样误差导致,尤其是夏季高温和冬季低温时期; 3)同一珊瑚个体内的不同生长轴的生长率存在显著差异,然而Sr/Ca却没有显著的差异性,说明不同生长轴的取样对骨骼Sr/Ca没有显著影响。最后,文章用多样品的平均值建立Sr/Ca温度计方程,用于减小个体之间的差异性带来的误差,得到Sr/Ca(mmol·mol–1)=–0.04027×SST(℃)+9.623的方程。用该温度计对涠洲岛海域的SST后报的误差为±0.6℃(1σ),达到了古海温重建的精度需求。 相似文献
11.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
15.
Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
16.
A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
17.
利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献