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1.
Muhammad Zia ur Rehman Muhammad Rizwan Shafaqat Ali Muhammad Irfan Sohail Amjad Hussain Muhammad Farooq Qayyum Hinnan Khalid Muhammad Zeeshan Naveeda Majid 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(21):685
Biochar is considered a promising amendment for the reduction of metal concentration in plants; however, the effects of biochar in terms of dose and feedstock on metal uptake by plants remain widely unclear. In the current study, three individual biochars were prepared at 450 °C from different feedstocks (wheat straw, sukh chain (Pongamia pinnata), and cotton sticks). The main aim was to evaluate their ability to remediate cadmium (Cd)-spiked soil in terms of growth response and Cd uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum) tissues. Biochars were separately applied at 0, 1, and 2% (w/w) in Cd-spiked soil and wheat was grown until maturity in pots and then morphological and physiological parameters and Cd concentrations in grains, roots, and shoots were determined. The post-harvest soil was analyzed for extractable Cd concentrations. Plants grown in Cd-spiked soil treated with biochars had higher seed germination, lengths of roots, shoots, and spikes, grains per spike and leaf relative water contents, chlorophyll contents, and dry weight of roots, shoots, and grains as compared to the untreated control. Biochar treatments significantly decreased the Cd concentrations in shoots, roots, and grains as well as total Cd uptake by grains. Soil extractable Cd concentrations were significantly decreased with biochar treatments. The application of 2.0% wheat straw biochar was the most efficient treatment in increasing grain yield and decreasing Cd in grains as well as soil extractable Cd than the other two biochars and doses applied. 相似文献
2.
小秦岭金矿区小麦和玉米重金属的健康风险评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
重金属污染引发的农产品质量安全问题已成为全社会关注的焦点。为了解小秦岭金矿开发引起的重金属污染风险,采集了同点位的农田土壤、小麦和玉米籽粒样品,测定了其中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu和Zn的含量及其在土壤中的形态;采用指数法和RAC风险评价法分析了土壤重金属的污染风险,采用转移因子和目标风险指数法评价了小麦、玉米籽粒中重金属的健康风险。结果表明:小秦岭金矿区土壤中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn含量受矿业活动影响强度大,在土壤中累积明显;土壤中Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu总量超过了国家限值,呈现污染;Cd、Hg、Cu具有潜在生态风险。小麦和玉米籽粒中Pb以及玉米籽粒中的Cd的平均含量高于国家标准,呈现一定程度的污染;部分小麦样品中的Hg、Cd和部分玉米样品中的Cd超过WHO/FAO安全限值,小麦和玉米籽粒中度Pb平均含量超过欧盟安全标准,说明具有潜在的健康风险。重金属的转移因子表明Cd、Zn及Cu比其他重金属更容易从土壤转移到小麦和玉米籽粒中;通过小麦对重金属的摄入量略高于玉米,远低于WHO/FAO推荐剂量;目标风险指数评价表明,只消费小麦或玉米基本不产生健康风险,但同时消费矿区生长的小麦和玉米具有较高的Pb健康风险。 相似文献
3.
Accumulation and ecological effects of soil heavy metals in conventional and organic greenhouse vegetable production systems in Nanjing,China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Yong Chen Biao Huang Wenyou Hu David C. Weindorf Xiaoxiao Liu Lanqin Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3605-3616
The spatial variability of soil heavy metals in conventional and organic greenhouse vegetable production (CGVP and OGVP) systems can reveal the influence of different farming activities on their accumulation and plant uptake. This provides important basic data for soil utilization and pollution risk assessment. Based on horizontal and vertical spatial analysis, this paper presents the spatial variability and accumulation of soil heavy metals. The effects on plant uptake and factors influencing heavy metal accumulation are presented using the two typical greenhouse vegetable sites in Nanjing City, China as examples. Results showed that different greenhouse vegetable production systems had their own dominant heavy metal accumulation, specifically, Hg and Pb in CGVP system and Cd in OGVP system. The spatial analysis showed that horizontally, distribution of soil properties and heavy metal concentrations in the two sites showed decreases from specific regions to the periphery for organic matter (OM), Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in CGVP and OM, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in OGVP. Vertically, soil properties and heavy metals mainly vary in the topsoil. The key factor for the accumulation was excess fertilizer input. Variation of soil properties and the accumulation of soil heavy metals significantly influenced heavy metal uptake by plants. However, accumulation risk varied according to different heavy metals and different plant species. Environmental management of these two kinds of production systems should pay more attention to fertilizer application, plant selection, and soil properties. 相似文献
4.
Safae Berrah El Kheir Jamal Oubbih Nadia Saidi Abdelhak Bouabdli 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2008,1(2):87-95
Contaminated soils and mine tailings pose major environmental and agricultural problems worldwide. These problems may be partially
solved by an emerging new technology: phytoremediation. This technique uses plants to extract soil contaminants from the ground.
Thlaspi caerulescens is known to accumulate in their tissues several heavy metals from soil and aerial deposition. This study was conducted to
screen plants growing on a contaminated site to determine their potential for metal accumulation. Seeds of T. caerulescens metallicolous have been collected in the vicinity of F.T. Laurent le Minier in the Pb–Zn mining district of les Malines (North
of Montpellier, Southern France), and seeds of T. caerulescens non-metallicolous were sampled on Larzac Plateau (North of Montpellier, Southern France). Soil substrates were collected
from a mine site of Mibladen and Zaida (West, Morroco). Cultivated plant and surface soil samples were analyzed for zinc,
lead, and cadmium concentrations by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A non-metallicolous (NM) ecotype of T. caerulescens and a metallicolous (M) ecotype are compared for Pb, Cd, and Zn accumulation in shoot and root in five metal-contaminated
soils and one uncontaminated soil. The growth of individuals from uncontaminated soil was greater than that of individuals
from metal-contaminated soils. The NM populations had markedly higher root/shoot ratio compared to M populations. The results
indicate that both ecotypes of T. caerulescens are highly tolerant of zinc and Cd. Ecotype NM had constitutively higher Zn uptake capacity than the M ecotype. T. caerulescens species accumulate higher amount of Zn and Cd in their tissues in polluted soil and, in both of the two ecotypes, the root
Pb concentrations were much greater than those of the shoot Pb contents. From both uncontaminated and metal-contaminated soils,
we conclude that T. caerulescens are interesting material for phytoremediation of zinc and cadmium. 相似文献
5.
Salima Chaabani Chiraz Abdelmalek-Babbou Hela Ben Ahmed Anis Chaabani Abdelaziz Sebei 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(16):585
Pollution by heavy metals presents an environmental concern, and their toxicity threats soil, water, animals and human health. Phytoremediation can be used as a solution to remediate contaminated soils. The aim of this study was to identify native plants collected from tailings: material of Pb–Zn mine sites of Fedj Lahdoum and Jebel Ressas (two abandoned mines located, respectively, in the northwest of Tunisia and in the south of Tunis City). The tolerance of plant to heavy metals (lead, zinc and cadmium) is evaluated. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for Pb, Zn and Cd concentration. The total soil Pb, Zn and Cd are, respectively, reached 6132 mg kg?1, 11,052 mg kg?1 and it doesn’t exceed 479 mg kg?1 for Cd. The highest content of Zn in plants was detected in shoots of Rumex bucephalophorus (1048 mg kg?1), and the highest Pb concentration was detected in roots of Chrysopogon zizanioides (381 mg kg?1), while for Cd Silene colorata it accumulated the highest content in roots (51 mg kg?1). From all plants, only 12 have a translocation factor for Pb which is higher than one. Among all plants, only 17 have a translocation factor that is higher than one for Zn, while for Cd only 13 plants indicate TF > 1. As for the biological absorption coefficient, all samples indicate a rate which is lower than one. These plants can be primarily hyper accumulators and useful in remediation of lead- and zinc-contaminated soils after further biochemistry researches in mechanism of accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in plants. 相似文献
6.
Muhammad Zia ur Rehman Muhammad Rizwan Shafaqat Ali Asif Naeem Balal Yousaf Guijian Lui Hinnan Khalid Saifullah Farhan Hafeez Muhammad Azhar 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(19):594
A field study was performed to determine the efficiency of diammonium phosphate (DAP) applied alone or combined with biochar, lignite, and farmyard manure (FYM) on growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in wheat and rice. Before crop sowing, different treatments were applied in the field such as a control (T1), DAP alone (0.1%, T2), DAP + lignite (0.05% each, T3), DAP + FYM (0.05% each, T4), and DAP + biochar (0.05% each, T5). Afterwards, the wheat seeds were sown in the soil. At wheat postharvest, rice was sown without any further treatment. Raw effluent was applied as an irrigation source during the whole growth period of both crops since it is the common practice of the farmers of study area. It was revealed that the use of amendments enhanced the yield and photosynthesis but lowered the Cd contents in straw as well as grains of both crops. In both crops, the highest yield of straw and grain was found in DAP + FYM whereas the lowest Cd concentration was found in DAP alone. The ammonium bicarbonate-DTPA extractable Cd of post wheat and post rice soils were decreased while the soil pH and immobilization index were increased in all treatments as compared with the control. The present field study highlighted that the DAP + FYM can be effective in increasing yield with decreased Cd concentrations in crop grains. 相似文献
7.
Land disposal of fly ash(FA)and sewage sludge(SS)is a major problem due largely to their potentially harmful constituents.In this paper,a potting experiment was performed to evaluate the effects on the plant growth and to discuss in particular the potential hazard to soils and plants according to the characteristics of heavy metal accumulation and migration when FA and SS are used as the amendments of calcific soil in a limestone mining area. The results showed that the application of FA-SS mixture is capable of accelerating the growth of plants and improving the biomass production at either 1:1 or 1:2 FA-SS mixture:soil(w/w).The highest yields were obtained at 1:1(w/w)mixing ratio.When compared with the Element Background Values of Soils in China,the analysis on heavy metals indicated that the contents of Pb,Cr,Hg,Cd,As,Ni,Cu and Zn in the amended soils came up to the second-class environmental quality standards,only Hg and Cd showed significant accumulation.At the same time, though the metal concentrations in roots were higher than those for the control,the concentrations except Cu,Zn in shoots were lower.And all the heavy metal contents in the plants were substantially lower than the toxicity limits. The results indicated that the combined use of FA and SS at a rational rate of application should pose no danger to both soil and food chain based on the characteristics of the FS and SS,heavy metals and calcific soil. 相似文献
8.
为研究不同农艺措施对烟叶镉(Cd)富集及生长发育的影响,选取中国南方植烟区两种Cd污染土壤(红泥田、黄泥田)为研究对象,以云烟87为供试品种,通过田间小区试验,研究增施磷酸二氢钾、硫酸锌、腐殖酸络合钾和生石灰对土壤Cd有效态含量、烟叶Cd含量、土壤肥力指标、烤烟经济性状及常规化学成分的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比,增施磷酸二氢钾、硫酸锌、腐殖酸络合钾和生石灰均能有效减少土壤Cd生物有效性和烟草对Cd的富集,土壤有效态Cd含量降低10.4%~25.5%,烟叶Cd消减率为20.39%~43.47%,不同处理顺序为磷酸二氢钾>腐殖酸络合钾>硫酸锌≈生石灰;施用生石灰可提高土壤pH值0.24~0.51,但会造成土壤肥力下降,影响烤烟生长发育;增施腐殖酸络合钾可提高土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性,提高土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量、有效氮含量等肥力指标,显著提高烤后烟叶钾含量,降低烟叶糖含量,使烟叶化学成分更趋于协调。 相似文献
9.
基于小麦籽粒降Cd率及土壤Cd形态变化评价蚯蚓对Cd污染土壤的修复效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究基于小麦籽粒降Cd率、土壤中Cd生物可利用态(DTPA-Cd)含量和土壤Cd移除率评价蚯蚓(赤子爱胜蚯蚓)对两种Cd污染农田土壤(河南潮土及河北褐土)的修复效果。研究结果表明：两种土壤中,添加0.5%和1.0%(蚯蚓鲜重/土壤干重)蚯蚓均能够明显降低小麦对Cd的富集,改变Cd在小麦植物器官中的分布,显著降低小麦籽粒中Cd含量(P<0.05),籽粒降Cd率达到31.1%~43.5%,促使小麦籽粒生物量增加35.5%~62.7%。添加0.5%和1.0%蚯蚓可显著降低土壤中生物可利用态Cd(DTPA-Cd)含量(P<0.05),DTPA-Cd含量下降29.1%~40.8%,有利于促进土壤中生物可利用态Cd向生物不易利用的形态转化。0.5%和1.0%蚯蚓添加使土壤中Cd移除率达到6.05%~11.88%,明显高于对照组(P<0.05),说明蚯蚓具有很好的Cd污染农田土壤修复潜力。在低Cd污染农田土壤中,蚯蚓可以降低土壤中Cd含量,减少小麦对Cd的富集,同时降低小麦籽粒Cd含量,这一研究结果对于修复低Cd污染农田土壤、保证农产品安全和实现“边生产边修复”具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
T. M. Mwamba S. Ali B. Ali J. L. Lwalaba H. Liu M. A. Farooq J. Shou W. Zhou 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(9):2163-2174
Heavy metals’ frequent occurrence and toxicity caused considerable concerns in assessing the interactive effects of metals on exposed plants. Therefore, a hydroponic study was conducted to assess the growth response and physio-chemical changes in Brassica napus plants under single and combined stress of two environmentally alarming metals (Cd and Cu). Results showed that 15-day metal exposure to different metal concentrations (0, 50, 200 µM) significantly enhanced Cd accumulation, while lesser extent of Cu was observed in plant tissues. Nonetheless, Cu caused more pronounced oxidative damages and plant growth retardation. Both metals showed similar trend of changes in mineral composition, although Cu proved more damaging effect on K and Mn contents, and Cd on Zn contents. In combined treatments, Cd stimulated Cu uptake, notably at low concentration, while its own uptake was restricted by the presence of Cu. At either level of concentration, combined stress of these metals exacerbated plant growth inhibition and caused further oxidative damages compared to their individual stress. However, metals synergistic effects occurred only in conditions where Cu uptake was enhanced by Cd. A greater synergistic effect was observed in sensitive cultivar Zheda 622 as compared to the tolerant cultivar ZS 758. As to mineral composition, no metals synergistic effects were noted. This study highlighted the ecotoxicological significance of Cd-led Cu uptake in B. napus, which was assumed to drive metals’ synergistic toxicity, and showed that the relationship between Cd-led Cu uptake and plant growth responses could vary with respect to cultivar. 相似文献
11.
为了弄清楚长江三角洲土壤-水稻系统中Cd污染和迁移制约因素,采集了典型地区的水稻土壤、秸秆、籽实等样品共66组,测试了这些样品中重金属元素和常量元素的含量、土壤pH值和总有机碳含量等参数指标,并对这些参数进行相关性分析,评估水稻土壤与籽实中的Cd污染,探讨Cd空间分布,讨论土壤中pH值和有机质以及其他金属元素对Cd在水稻中积累的制约作用。结果表明：长江三角洲典型地区水稻土壤和籽实都存在Cd含量超标现象,土壤样品中Cd质量分数为（81.39～1 441.00）×10-9,平均值277.40×10-9,而水稻籽实样品中Cd质量分数为（10.44～692.40）×10-9,平均值55.63×10-9;根据土壤环境质量标准（GB 15618—1995）的二级标准,水稻土壤超标率为9.09%,超标样品主要分布在苏州、镇江和常州;根据食品中污染物的限量标准（GB 2762—2005）,水稻籽实Cd含量超标率为4.55%,超标样品集中在苏州和无锡;影响水稻积累Cd的因素有土壤中总有机碳、CaO、MgO、P的含量和pH值;水稻中S和Se含量与Cd含量关系密切,Cd与Zn表现为协同作用,土壤中S、Se和Zn的含量对水稻积累Cd无明显影响;提高土壤中pH值以及增加土壤总有机碳含量,能适当降低水稻中Cd的积累,适当增加土壤中Ca、Mg和P的含量能在一定程度上降低水稻对Cd的吸收。 相似文献
12.
The safety study of heavy metal pollution in wheat planted in reclaimed soil of mining areas in Xuzhou, China 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Jihong Dong Min Yu Zhengfu Bian Yindi Zhao Wei Cheng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(2):673-682
This study was conducted to evaluate crops cultivated in reclaimed soils from subsidence areas that had been reclaimed in
the Liuxin mining area, Xuzhou, China, to determine if such crops were safe. To accomplish this, heavy metals such as Hg,
Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and As (metalloid) concentrations in different parts of wheat planted in the research area were detected.
The single contamination index method and comprehensive contamination index method were used to estimate the level of heavy
metal pollution in rhizosphere soil. Besides, the distribution of heavy metal concentrations in different organs of wheat
of the research area was compared, and the enrichment coefficients of Cd and Cr, which as the primary pollutants, in different
parts of wheat were determined and used to yield curve estimation, after which a Cd regression equation was constructed. Finally,
a kind of visible expression method of heavy metal pollution in wheat was explored. The results showed that the rhizosphere
soil of the research area reached the local standard, but as different organs of wheat differed in the ability of enrichment
of heavy metals, the Cd and Cr concentrations in wheat grains exceeded the national food hygiene standard. The distribution
and migration tendencies of Cd and Cr concentrations in different organs of mature wheat were consistent in reclaimed sites,
but differed in control site. The Cd regression equation passed the model verification. The results of risk evaluation of
Cd and Cr in the wheat grain revealed that the single contamination index of the three sites reached light to severe level,
and the comprehensive contamination index ranged from light to medium pollution level. This research is of important practical
value for monitoring the safety of plant grown in mining areas. 相似文献
13.
Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in macrophyte, agricultural soil, and crop plants adjacent to discharge zone of sponge iron factory 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The present study deals with the characterization of effluent released from sponge iron industries and distribution of heavy
metals in soil and macrophytes near to effluent discharge channel. Apart from this, accumulation of heavy metals in nearby
soil and vegetation system irrigated with effluent-contaminated water is also the subject of this study. Physico-chemical
analysis of effluent reveals that the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS), total hardness (TH), iron (Fe2+), and oil and grease are greater than the IS (1981) norms for discharge of water into inland water body. The soil along the sides of the effluent channel also shows higher
concentration of heavy metals than the background soil. The enrichment of the heavy metals are in the order of Chromium (Cr) > Iron
(Fe) > Manganese (Mn) > Zinc (Zn) > Copper (Cu) > Cadmium (Cd). Macrophytes growing along the sides of the effluent channel
also show significant accumulation of heavy metals almost in the same order as accumulated in soil. Higher uptake of heavy
metals by these varieties reveals that these species can be used for future phytoremediation. The effluent as well as contaminated
water is extensively used for irrigation for growing vegetables like tomato (Lycopersicon esculatum) in the surrounding areas. Heavy metal accumulation in this agricultural soil are in the sequence of Cr > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cd.
More or less similar type of accumulation pattern are also found in tomato plants except Fe and Zn exceeding Cr and Mn. Transfer
Factor of heavy metals from soil to tomato plants (TFS) shows average value of <1, suggesting less uptake of heavy metals from soil. Among the plant parts studied, fruit shows
least accumulation. Although tomato plants show some phenotypic changes, the survival of tomato plants as well as least accumulation
of metals in fruit reveals their tolerance to heavy metals. Therefore it may be suggested that this plant can be grown successfully
in the heavy metal contaminated soil. Further research work on in situ toxicity test will be necessary in order to identify
the most resistive variety on this particular type of contaminated site. 相似文献
14.
鄂东南铁山地区土壤-植物系统中重金属元素分布及富集特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用原子荧光光谱法和等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对鄂东南铁山地区主要河流流经区土壤、植物中重金属元素质量分数及其富集特征的研究表明,研究区西港河流域下游局部地段形成Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd、As重金属元素的土壤污染,东港河流域下游局部地段形成Cd、Cu、As、Pb、Zn重金属元素的土壤污染,植物中已经形成Cd、Zn元素的超量富集.其中土壤中重金属元素的富集主要与冶炼厂废水和尾矿坝渗漏水有关,而植物中重金属元素的富集则受土壤中重金属元素质量分数和植物吸收性能的双重控制. 相似文献
15.
Yu Guo Yangrong Fu Sen Yan Yi Yang Yuepin Guo Zhengyu Bao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(4):1083-1089
Consuming edible plants contaminated by heavy metals transferred from soil is an important pathway for human exposure to environmental contaminants. In the past several decades, heavy metal accumulation in contaminated soil has been widely studied; however, few researches investigated the background levels of metals in plants and evaluated the difference in plants grown in soils produced from different parent rocks. In this study, a systemic survey of heavy metal distribution and accumulation in the soil–pepper system was investigated in an unpolluted area, Hainan Island, China. Levels of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd were measured in soils and pepper fruits from five representative pepper-growing areas with different soil parent rocks (i.e. basalt, granite, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock and alluvial deposits). Average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in pepper fruits were 11.52, 0.84, 8.77 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in soils are controlled by the parent materials and varied greatly from in different areas. Heavy metal contents in all pepper samples were lower than the Chinese maximum contaminant levels. The relationship between heavy metals in soils and biological absorption coefficient (BAC) of pepper fruits suggests that the uptake ability of pepper for soil metals depends mainly on the physiological mechanism, while in some cases, the soil types and supergene environment are also important. 相似文献
16.
17.
Immobilization of heavy metals in a contaminated soil in Iran using di-ammonium phosphate,vermicompost and zeolite 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Fractionation of heavy metals (HMs) in amended soils is needed to predict elemental mobility in soil and phytoavailability
to plants. A study was conducted to determine the effects of different amendments on HMs availability and their redistribution
among soil fractions. A contaminated soil was selected from around a Zn mine and amended with 0, 2, 4, and 6 g kg−1 of vermicompost (VC), zeolite (ZE), and di-ammonium phosphate (DP) and incubated at field moisture. The amounts of Cd, Pb,
Zn, and Cu were determined from the soil after 6 months of incubation time using DTPA and sequential extraction procedures.
The total concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu were 41, 3,099, 1,997, and 83 mg kg−1 of soil, respectively. All amendments decreased significantly [probability (p) ≤ 0.05] DTPA-extractable Cd, Pb, and Cu, but not Zn, in the soil. For instance, DTPA-extractable Cd, Pb, and Cu decreased
by 40, 290, and 20%, respectively, and that of Zn increased by 18% with DP1 (2 g kg−1 of di-ammonium phosphate) application. The concentrations of Pb and Cd decreased mainly in the specifically sorbed (SS) but
increased in the amorphous Fe oxide (AFeO) fraction with DP application, indicating redistribution of Pb and Cd in the fractions
with less mobility. Lead immobilization by DP was mainly attributed to the P-induced formation of chloropyromorphite, which
was identified in the DP treatment using X-ray diffraction technique. It was concluded that DP was the most effective amendment
in immobilizing Pb and Cd, though it increased Zn mobility. 相似文献
18.
Enrichment of heavy metals in paddy crops irrigated by paper mill effluents near Nanjangud, Mysore District, Karnatake, India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. S. Fazeli F. Khosravan M. Hossini S. Sathyanarayan P. N. Satish 《Environmental Geology》1998,34(4):297-302
Extensive irrigation by the effluents released from a paper mill near Nanjangud have led to the accumulation of heavy metals
in the soil and different parts of the paddy crops. In this paper, the physicochemical characteristics of paper mill effluents
and the accumulation of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Cd, Cr, and Ni) in the soil and different parts (root, leaf, and seed)
of the paddy crops growing in the irrigated area are described and compared with the soil and paddy crops irrigated by natural
waters (unpolluted). Chemical and biological oxygen demands of wastewater were found to be 437 and 1070 ppm respectively,
which are beyond the tolerance limits set by Indian standards. The total dissolved and suspended solids are 1754 and 900 ppm
respectively. The concentration of heavy metals (except Zn) in the seeds is remarkably less than that in the roots and leaves
of the paddy crops. The heavy metal uptake by plants shows the greatest accumulation of Cu, Cr, Co, and Pb in the roots; Cd
and Ni in the leaves; and Zn in the seeds of rice. The heavy metal content of the soil and their total uptake by paddy roots
has the relation: Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd and Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd. Survival of paddy crops irrigated by polluted waters indicates tolerance to
toxic heavy metals. In conclusion, since in many tropical countries the common diet of people is rice, the accumulation of
toxic heavy metals in rice may lead to health disorders.
Received: 18 July 1995 / Accepted: 24 February 1997 相似文献
19.
Potential hyperaccumulation of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in endurant plants distributed in an old smeltery, northeast China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The absorption and accumulation of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in some endurant weed plant species that survived in an old smeltery
in Liaoning, China, were systematically investigated. Potential hyperaccumulative characteristics of these species were also
discussed. The results showed that metal accumulation in plants differed with species, tissues and metals. Endurant weed plants
growing in this contaminated site exhibited high metal adaptability. Both the metal exclusion and detoxification tolerance
strategies were involved in the species studied. Seven species for Pb and four species for Cd were satisfied for the concentration
time level standard for hyperaccumulator. Considering translocation factor (TF) values, one species for Pb, seven species
for Zn, two species for Cu and five species for Cd possessed the characteristic of hyperaccumulator. Particularly, Abutilon theophrasti Medic, exhibited strong accumulative ability to four heavy metals. Although enrichment coefficients of all samples were lesser
than 1 and the absolute concentrations didn’t reach the standard, species mentioned above were primarily believed to be potential
hyperaccumulators. 相似文献
20.
硫铁矿冶炼区不同土地利用方式及土壤类型对重金属迁移的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探讨硫铁矿冶炼区不同土地利用方式和土壤类型对重金属元素迁移的影响,采集了毕节市林口废弃硫铁矿冶炼厂内耕地砂壤土及附近林地石灰土表层和深层样共40组。室内测试土壤理化指标Pb、Zn、Cd全量和有效态含量,并对重金属元素含量的水平和垂直分布特征及重金属元素含量的相关性进行了讨论。结果表明:土壤中Pb和Zn的含量均符合土壤环境质量二级标准值,耕地表层土壤Cd含量是贵州省农业土壤背景值的7倍。土壤Cd有效态含量占全量的比值最大,而Pb和Zn有效态含量占全量的比值差别较小。耕地砂壤土Zn和Cd的全量随剖面深度的增加表现为先增大后减小,Pb呈减少的趋势;Pb和Zn的有效态含量随剖面深度的增加而减少,Cd有效态含量呈波动变化。林地石灰土中Pb、Zn、Cd的全量和有效态含量均随剖面深度的增加而减少,且Pb、Zn、Cd全量之间及全量与有效态含量之间都具有显著的正相关关系,而在耕地中各元素的相关性不明显。土壤频繁的扰动和偏酸性的环境有利于重金属垂向迁移。 相似文献