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1.
船底防污涂料目前仍然是舰船预防附着生物最普遍、最有效的手段，其性能的好坏直接关系到海军的战斗力，海运事业的发展和海洋设施的保护。因此，国内外对防污涂料的研究十分重视。
一种优良的防污涂料必须具备两个特点：适当的渗毒率和良好的持久性。如漆膜封闭性太强，毒物渗出率过低，就起不到应有的防污作用；反之，如果防污涂料渗毒率太高，涂料中的毒物很快就释放完毕，则达不到持久的防污效果。
影响防污涂料渗毒率的因素十分复杂，如防污涂料的组成、使用的海域、舰船的航速、防污涂料的配套、施工条件和质量等，对它都会产生直接的影响．但防污涂料的组成则是其中最主要的因素。
研究防污涂料中各成份对毒物渗出的影响，掌握毒物的渗出规律，合理调节渗出率，可以达到改善防污涂料性能和节约人力物力的效果。本文就几年来防污涂料试验中关于防污涂料某些成份对渗铜率的影响作一综述。 相似文献
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电解防污装置在海上油田油气工程中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
开发海上石油必须先扫除两大障碍,即海洋污损生物的附着及金属的海水腐蚀,电解防污法是一种重要的防污与防腐蚀技术,本文简要介绍了电解防污装置的原理,特点及其在海上油气田工程中的应用情况。 相似文献
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为了防止海洋生物对海船、军舰、船坞、水下武器以及其他海上设备的有害附着，新的防污药品、防污涂料以及防污办法。正为许多学者所悉心研究；防污药品正逐渐地由无机物向有机物及放射性物质方面转变。但是，目前生产中广泛采用的仍然是无机毒品，防污涂料的防污效果与有效使用期限不但与药品的毒性有关，而且与药品在单位时间内自涂料膜渗出的剂量密切相关。如果单位时间内渗出剂量过大，则不经济，有效防污期限将大大缩短；如果单位时间内渗出剂量过小，则不能达到抑制生物附着和生长的目的。渗出率的大小常常是防污涂料的关键指标。因此渗出率的研究，不但能指导生产单位改进防污涂料的生产工艺，而且也为使用单位提供了选择和估价防污涂料的简单有效的方法。 相似文献
4.
含辣椒素的防污涂料在海洋网箱网衣中的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以辣椒素为海洋附着生物防污剂,开发了一种用于海水养殖的网衣材料中的防污期长、无毒且高效的防污涂料。辣椒素防污涂料以从天然辣椒中提取的生物活性物质为驱避剂,并不破坏海洋生物链。挂海防污实验证明涂有辣椒素防污涂料的网衣材料具有极佳的防污效果。并进一步讨论了防污涂料的防污效果及影响防污效果的诸多因素。 相似文献
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合成了3种新型含辣素衍生结构的丙烯酰胺衍生物HMOBA、BMA和HMMBA,通过红外光谱(IR)和核磁波谱(1 HNMR)对其结构进行了表征。抑菌性实验证明了合成的化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有良好的抑制作用,抑菌效果为BMA>HMOBA>HMMBA,其中BMA的对两种菌的最小抑菌浓度均可达0.062 5mg/mL。以合成的化合物为防污剂制备了海洋防污涂料,186d的实海挂板几乎没有附着任何海洋污损生物。 相似文献
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开发绿色环保防污剂是海洋船舶防污涂料研究的重要方向,查明防污活性化合物分子结构中的防污活性基团,是设计开发新型防污剂的关键。本文合成了三种结构相似的苯酰胺类化合物HNOB、DOLPA和DHNOB,通过FTIR,1H NMR,13C NMR测试表征三种化合物的分子结构,利用典型污损生物硅藻和贻贝作为目标生物,测试其对硅藻和贻贝附着的影响,并将分子结构与防污活性进行对比,初步探讨影响防污性能的活性基团。硅藻和贻贝附着实验均表明,HNOB的防污性能较好,半数抑制浓度远低于DOLPA和DHNOB。通过结构对比分析发现,极性和非极性结构的协同作用比单一的极性基团或非极性长碳链基团能更好地赋予苯酰胺类物质良好的防污性能。该研究初步探讨了苯酰胺类化合物的构效关系,有助于新型防污活性化合物的设计开发和结构优化,并对探究该类化合物防除污损生物附着的机理和快速筛选有潜力的防污化合物具有重要意义。 相似文献
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近年来,国内外广泛地研究和使用三丁基或三苯基锡化合物及其高聚物作为船舶的防污涂料。为了提高防污漆的防污性能,又常将其与Cu_2O等无机毒料相复合。欲评价此类防污漆的防污性能,必须建立一种快速准确地测定其渗毒率的方法。然而,在本工作之前,虽已有单独测定Cu~(2 )的较成熟的方法,也有测定三丁基氧化锡、三丁基醋酸锡及三丁基氟化锡的方法介绍,但同时测定Cu~(2 )和有机锡基团(用通式R_3SnX表示,R为C_4H_9~-或C_6H_5~-,X为F或O、Cl)的方法尚未见报道;这与该测定体系干扰离子较多有关。另外,我们按文献[1],2)的方法做了多次实验,未能得到较好的结果。本工作 相似文献
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本文研究探索了一种快速简单易行的海洋防污剂室内评价筛选方法。将待测防污剂均匀分散于凝胶溶液中,然后均匀涂布到一定面积的玻璃板上,固化得到含防污剂凝胶测试板,将其置于接种有三种分离自舟山以东海域的优势海洋菌种(编号为Y-16,W-1和F-6)的人工加富海水中,连续培养24h后显微镜下可发现凝胶板表面上细菌菌落,将凝胶板表面细菌淋洗、定容,测定其光密度(optical density,OD)值,计算平均抑菌率,得到吡啶硫酮锌(ZPT)为38.87%,吡啶硫酮铜(CPT)为41.24%,三甲基氧化锡(TBTO)为65.19%,N,N-二甲基-3,4-二氯苄胺(DCDMA)为30.88%,敌草隆(Diuron)仅为15.29%,抑菌性大小为TBTOCPTZPTDCDMADiuron。实验结果表明5种受试防污剂的抑菌性大小为TBTOCPTZPTDCDMADiuron。采用绘制OD-t生长曲线法,分别得到5种防污剂对3种海洋细菌的最小抑制浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC),TBTO对三种菌的MIC均为0.5×10–3mg/mL;CPT对W-1和F-6的MIC为0.97×10–3mg/mL,对Y-16的MIC为1.93×10–3mg/mL;ZPT对W-1和Y-16的MIC为1.91×10–3mg/mL,对F-6的MIC为0.96×10–3mg/mL;DCDMA对W-1和F-6的MIC为8.46×10–3mg/mL,对Y-16的MIC为×10–342.29mg/mL。其中,Diuron对细菌的生长几乎没有抑制作用。其抑菌性与室内短期挂板结果具有一致性,表明经OD-t生长曲线得到的MIC可作为溶剂可溶型防污剂评价的辅助方法。另外,将本文中室内短期挂板方法应用于不同粒径的氧化亚铜的防污评价,也取得了与文献一致的结果。 相似文献
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论述海水冷却系统利用Ｈ２Ｏ２和Ｆｅ＾２＋离子防污的一种新方法。新方法主要针对那些大污损。这些大污损使化学处理海水的效力降低１０％，从１９８６年４－７月在非热的６０ｍ模型管道中检验了化学效应的持续时间。在１０ｍｉｎ内，将Ｈ２Ｏ２和Ｆｅ＾２＋离子分别减少２０％和４０％，而将处理时间延长，则可从小规模试验推断实际应用的效果。 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献