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1.
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法对广西英罗港内滩和中滩红树林中的白骨壤Avicennia marina、桐花树Ae-giceras corniculatum和秋茄Kandelia candel叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶进行了电泳分离及酶活力测定,同时测定了红树植物采样点土壤的Mn、Cr、Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn 6种重金属元素的含量。结果表明:(1)内滩的3种红树植物叶片的POD同工酶的带数或酶活力均大于中滩;桐花树和秋茄SOD同工酶的变化趋势与POD相似,但酶活力变化幅度小于POD。(2)土壤中各种重金属含量的大小顺序是Mn>Cr>Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd,中滩高于内滩。(3)桐花树POD同工酶活力变化可对土壤重金属污染起指示作用。  相似文献   

2.
林益明  向平  林鹏 《海洋科学》2004,28(2):43-48
对深圳福田红树林区的秋茄 (Kandelia candel)、木榄 (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)、桐花树 (Aegiceras corniculatum)、无瓣海桑 (Sonneratia apetala)、海漆 (Excoecaria agallocha)、银叶树 (Heritiera littoralis)不同发育阶段叶片以及秋茄、木榄、桐花树、无瓣海桑、海漆繁殖体的灰分含量和热值进行研究.结果表明( 1)不同发育阶段叶片的灰分含量变化趋势没有一定的规律性, 6种红树植物中老叶灰分含量均不是最低;植物繁殖体的灰分含量低于成熟叶;( 2)秋茄、无瓣海桑、木榄、桐花树繁殖体的干质量热值和去灰分热值基本上低于不同发育阶段叶片,而海漆繁殖体的干质量热值和去灰分热值高于不同发育阶段叶片;( 3) 6种红树植物不同发育阶段叶片的干质量热值与灰分含量具有极显著的线性负相关( P<0.01),不同发育阶段叶片和繁殖体的干质量热值与灰分含量具有显著线性负相关( P<0.05).  相似文献   

3.
红树植物繁殖体发育过程的能量变化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
探讨了桐花树 (Aegicerascorniculatum)、秋茄 (Kandeliacandel)、角果木 (Ceriopstagal)、海莲 (Bruguierasexangula)和木榄 (Bruguieragymnorrhiza)5种红树植物繁殖体的热值及其动态变化。结果表明 :(1)海南东寨港5种红树植物繁殖体的热值大小不同 ,其中花的热值最高是桐花树 ,为20.423kJ/g,花的热值最低是木榄 ,为19.214kJ/g;果的热值最高是角果木 ,为20.255kJ/g,果的热值最低是木榄 ,为18.582kJ/g;成熟胚轴的热值最高是角果木 ,为19.792kJ/g,成熟胚轴的热值最低是桐花树 ,为16.827kJ/g。 (2)随着纬度的增加 ,桐花树各期繁殖体热值略为提高 ,而秋茄则相反略为降低。 (3)随着繁殖体从花、果至胚轴发育过程 ,热值逐渐降低 ,而单个繁殖体的生物量及其能量贮量则随之提高。  相似文献   

4.
3种红树植物叶片结构及其生态适应   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
李元跃  林鹏 《海洋科学》2006,30(7):53-57
研究了采自福建九龙江口龙海县浮宫镇草埔头村(24°29′N,117°55′E)的3种红树植物——桐花树(Aegicerascorniculatum)、白骨壤(Avicenniamarina)和秋茄(Kandeliacandel)的叶片结构及其生态学意义。这3种红树植物叶片结构中,都具有适应海滩环境的结构——较厚的角质层,表皮之内有内皮层,内皮层是贮水组织的一种。3种红树植物的叶片结构表明,秋茄具等面叶,桐花树和白骨壤是异面叶。从3种红树植物叶片横切面的染色状况可判断,3种红树植物的单宁含量,秋茄最高,桐花树第二,白骨壤最少。  相似文献   

5.
王芳  董乐  戴聪杰  林娈  欧巧慧 《海洋科学》2009,33(12):44-49
以桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco)叶为材料, 采用同源PCR克隆策略, 扩增桐花树多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol Oxidase, PPO)铜结合区之间的cDNA序列.该序列长度597 bp (Genbank accession No. GQ404509), 编码了一段由199 个氨基酸残基组成的多酚氧化酶保守区片段.桐花树PPO保守区片段具有PPO铜结合区A(CuA)的特征信号序列Hnswl.FFpFHRyyLyffE.同源比对表明, 该序列与GenBank上其他已有的植物多酚氧化酶氨基酸序列的同源性都在65%以上.  相似文献   

6.
5种红树植物对Cu、Zn、Pb积累特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
大量研究表明红树植物对重金属具有一定的吸附功能。本研究选取东寨港红树林保护区为研究区域,选择不同年龄阶段的5种不同红树植物,分别是木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)、海莲(Brugui-era sexangula)、秋茄(Kandelia obovata)、角果木(Ceriops tagal)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum),通过对不同类型、不同树龄阶段的红树植物组织(根、枝、叶)及其林下土壤样品的采集,分析测定样品中重金属元素Cu、Zn、Pb的含量,从而计算红树植物对土壤中重金属的富集系数,分析不同红树植物对重金属的吸附能力大小。结果表明:不同的植物类型及不同植物生长期对重金属吸附功能具有明显差异,其中大龄角果木表现为最大,小龄角果木次之,而中龄桐花树最小。不同植物组织中大龄角果木的根部对Cu的吸附能力最大,最小的是大龄木榄叶;对Zn的吸附能力最大的是小龄海莲枝,最小的是大龄木榄根;大龄角果木枝对Pb的吸附系数最大,中龄木榄根最小。总体而言,5种红树植物对重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb)的总吸附能力大小表现为:角果木>海莲>秋茄>桐花树>木榄,其中富集系数最大的角果木总值为5.8869,最小的木榄总值为2.4342。  相似文献   

7.
北部湾大风江与南流江河口红树林空间分布格局研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
生长在潮间带的红树植物在河口植物群落构成、海岸防风消浪中具有重要价值。本文基于本地种桐花树胚胎浸泡下沉实验与北部湾南流江和大风江河口段水体盐度、沿线潮间带植物群落结构与地貌分析,探讨红树林在河口空间分布及影响因素。结果主要表明:南流江河口和大风江河口红树林自海向陆基本展现“红树林纯林(桐花树、秋茄、无瓣海桑种类混生)→红树植物与半红树植物(黄槿、苦朗等)混生→红树植物、半红树植物与非红树植物混生→红树植物镶嵌→稀疏红树林小苗”的分布格局,但大风江河口向陆界限主要以红树、红树幼苗及半红树混生为主。此外,红树被浸淹时长是控制河口红树空间分布结构的主要因素。潮水上溯时长影响红树向陆生长的极限位置,宜林滩地是红树发育生长的必要条件。  相似文献   

8.
红树植物次生木质部的结构与进化   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
林鹏  林益明  林建辉 《海洋学报》1998,20(4):97-102
研究了红树科Rhizophoraceae的木榄Bruguiera gymnorrhiza、海莲Bruguiera sexangula、角果木Ceriops tagal和秋茄Kandelia candel;马鞭草科Verbenaceae的白骨壤Avicennia marina;紫金牛科Mysinaceae的桐花树Aegiceras corniculatum和海桑和Sonneratiaceae的海桑Sonneratia caeseolaria次生木质部的结构与进化关系,红树科植物的次生木质部结构比马鞭草科、紫金牛科和海桑科的植物原始;红树科中的竹节树属Carallia和山红树属Pellacalyx为陆生的非红树植物,它们次生木质部结构比海生的红树料红树植物木榄属、秋茄属、角果木属更为进化,即导管为单穿孔、管间纹孔式为互利式纹孔.单穿孔的导管存在,是长期的进化过程中,遇到干旱环境而产生的特化现象,而海生红树科植物进入海滩沼译后,木质部仍具有原始性状.  相似文献   

9.
种子胎生是红树植物典型的适应特征之一。本研究以胎生红树植物桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)花蕾、种子和胚轴为材料,研究了胎生发育过程中繁殖体内源性脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA3)、可溶性糖和淀粉含量的动态变化。结果表明:ABA含量在胎生发育过程中呈现先降低后升高的显著变化,即在种子形成前的花蕾期最高\[(1.86±0.07) μg/g\],在种子期达到最低值\[(0.75±0.07) μg/g\],然后随种子萌发逐渐回升;GA3含量则呈现相反的变化趋势,先升高后降低,即在种子期最高\[(12.60±0.05 )μg/g\],然后随种子萌发逐渐降低\[(1.97±0.05) μg/g\];繁殖体可溶性糖含量随发育进程先升高后降低,在种子萌发早期达到最高值;淀粉含量始终呈现增加的趋势,并在种子萌发晚期达到最高值。在胎生过程中,桐花树繁殖器官的内源性ABA和GA3含量以及可溶性糖和淀粉含量的动态变化表明,ABA和GA3通过对糖代谢的综合调控作用可能是红树植物胎生的重要机制之一。  相似文献   

10.
福建九龙江口红树植物分子分类的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
周涵韬  林鹏  孙晟 《海洋科学》2001,25(8):42-46
运用RAPD技术对福建九龙江口龙海红树林自然保护区浮宫种苗园内白骨壤(Auicenmia marina),桐花树(Ageiceras corniculatum),无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apatala),秋茄(Kandeliacandel),木榄(Bruguiera gymnorthiza),海莲(B.sexangula),尖瓣海莲(B.sexangula var,rhynchopetala)等7种红树植物进行了遗传多样性分析,从30个10-mer随机引物中筛选出15个有效引物,利用这15个有效引物共扩增出630条DNA带,其中多态性条带535条,占总扩增条带的84.92%,利用Nei指数法得出7种红树植物间的遗传一致度和遗传距离,并运用UPGA统计分析法对红树植物的7个种间的亲缘关系进行聚类分析,7个种分为A,B两个大组,白骨壤,酮花树,无瓣海垒同属于A组,秋茄,木榄,海莲,尖瓣海莲分聚类在B组,分子聚类结果和传统的分类学相吻合,由此表达这15个有效引物的PAPD分子标记技术能较为客观地反庆出红树植物种间的遗传亲缘关系,并为从分子水平研究红树植物遗传多样性,保护,开发和利用红树林资源提供科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
Mangrove wetlands can reduce heavy metal pollution by trapping heavy metals. In this study, the concentration,transport and bioaccumulation of Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb in the sediments and different parts of Aegiceras corniculatum at four different sites in the Qinzhou Bay in southwestern China were investigated. The results showed that although the potential ecological risk of all five heavy metals was slight, the concentration of Cr was at a moderate pollution level due to the emissions of industries and aquaculture waste water. Core sediment records indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals at the depth of 0–20 cm were relatively high, showing an increasing trend of heavy metals over the past 20–30 years. Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd accumulated mainly in the roots of A. corniculatum, while Zn accumulated mainly in the stems. Aegiceras corniculatum showed the strongest transport capacity for Zn and Cu and the strongest bioaccumulation ability for Cd. Compared with other mangrove communities, A. corniculatum can be chosen as a restoration species in tropical and subtropical coastal zones polluted by Zn, Cu and Cd.  相似文献   

12.
Distributions of dissolved nutrients and Chl. a were investigated in the Sangga Besar River Estuary in the well-managed Matang Mangrove Forest in West Malaysia. In the estuary, spring tide concentrations of ammonium, silicate and phosphate were higher than those in the neap tide, which suggests that these nutrients are flushed from the mangrove area by the inundation and tidal mixing of the spring tide. Ammonium comprised over 50% of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the spring tide, while nitrite tended to dominate in the neap tide, indicating the predominance of nitrification inside the estuary in neap tides. Nutrient concentrations in the creek water were higher than those of estuarine water, indicating the nutrient outwelling from the mangrove swamp and ammonium regeneration from mangrove litter in the creek sediments. The maximum concentration of Chl. a in spring tides reached 80 g/l while it was below 20 g/l in the neap tides. These variations in the phytoplankton biomass and nutrients probably reflect the greater nutrient availability in the spring tide due to outwelling from the mangrove swamp and creek.  相似文献   

13.
为了掌握茅尾海红树林种类和盖度情况,基于GF-2 PMS1高分辨率卫星遥感影像数据,使用支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)和回归模型方法开展了茅尾海红树林物种分类和植被盖度估算研究,并对其分布特征展开了详细分析。研究表明:(1)广西茅尾海红树林共有4个种类,分别是桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)、无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)、秋茄(Kandelia candel)和茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)。桐花树作为茅尾海红树林的优势种,面积为1228.612 ha,占总面积72.5%,散布在茅尾海潮间带。秋茄面积最少,仅有1.976 ha,零星分布于茅岭乡和尖山镇沿岸,多数与无瓣海桑和桐花树混生。(2)基于GF-2 PMS1卫星影像的NDVI植被指数建立的二次多项式盖度回归模型效果最好,决定系数最大为0.7644,均方根误差RMSE最小为0.0680。(3)植被盖度分布状况与植被类型有密切关系,植被种类纯生区的盖度要明显大于植被混生区的盖度。本研究结果为茅尾海国家海洋公园和自治区级自然保护区管理部门的决策提供理论基础。  相似文献   

14.
刘玉 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(2):292-298
选择珠江口南沙区两处典型的以大面积人工种植红树植物无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)为主的感潮河涌,进行湿地区域中的浮游动物研究。于2011年5月和11月对开放性河涌湿地14涌(A区)和封闭性河涌湿地19涌(B区)中的浮游动物进行调研,从种类数和丰度、污染指示种和优势种、营养指数E和污染指数A等方面对浮游动物进行群落结构和功能的分析,并以此对湿地水质和无瓣海桑的净化能力进行评价。结果表明,B区林内原生动物总丰度可达106ind/L数量级,7种丰度优势种均为纤毛虫类,优势种哑铃中缢虫(Mesodinium rubrum),1种赤潮原生动物种类,单种丰度在春秋两季可达1.8×105ind/L、5.1×105ind/L。桡足类、枝角类在春季B区林内丰度最高,分别可达576ind/L和46ind/L,显示春季可能为其繁殖季节。轮虫相对不耐污染生境。指数E和指数A均远高于判断阈值。提出了二项浮游动物的富营养判断标准和二条原则。据此判断,B区湿地存在极重的有机污染现象,主要可能与无瓣海桑林内凋落物量较大或根系分泌物的作用且林内水流不畅有关。  相似文献   

15.
于2009年8月在海南省东寨港、亚龙湾青梅港和三亚河口红树林区,分别采用自行研制的沉积物耗氧量(Sediment oxygen demand,SOD)测定装置,对红树林湿地SOD和相关环境因子进行研究。结果表明,红树林湿地沉积物耗氧主要分为2个阶段,即瞬时耗氧阶段和渐缓耗氧阶段。3个站位的SOD值范围为102.2-157.7mg/(m2·h),其中瞬时耗氧占23.3%-45.5%。SOD与沉积物中的硫化物含量及上覆水中的化学耗氧量(Chemical oxygen demand,COD)、NH4+浓度有显著的相关性。研究结果表明,红树林湿地沉积物能对其上覆水释放有机物并消耗水体中的溶解氧,使水质变差,因此,用红树林湿地处理城市污水可能导致生态恶化。  相似文献   

16.
大鹏湾赤潮多发区的叶绿素a分布与环境关系初探   总被引:19,自引:2,他引:19  
根据1990-1991年大鹏湾盐海田域4个测站的观测资料分析结果表明,大鹏湾赤潮我发区海水中叶绿素α含量的测值范围为0.06-8.28mg/m^3,平均为1.33mg/m^3。季切平均值以春,秋季较高,夏,冬季较低;表层的叶绿素α含量稍高于底层。采用多元逐步回归分析得知,影响叶绿素α含量变化的主要因子是Fe,COD,s,其次是DO,t,Tb;此,Mn,Si(OH)4,PO4,NO2与叶绿素α的分布  相似文献   

17.
采用野外监测的方法对海南东寨港三江湾秋茄和无瓣海桑红树人工林的消波效应进行了量化研究。结果表明,裸露海滩的消波作用较弱,波浪在经过裸滩50m后,1/10波高、1/3波高和平均波高分别减低2.9%、4.4%和5.8%。红树林的消波作用显著,总体来说,波浪在经过秋茄林50m后,1/10波高、1/3波高和平均波高分别减低46...  相似文献   

18.
The snail, Littoraria scabra, is a dominant grazer on tropical mangrove trees, and may play an important role in the food web dynamics of these ecosystems. Its daily vertical migration to avoid tidal submersion results in exposure to varying food types and abundances. A comprehensive diet analysis – gut contents, fatty acid profiles, and stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) – was conducted on snails migrating along mangrove trees and snails maintained in non-tidal mesocosms at Nananu-i-ra, Fiji Islands. In addition, fatty acid profiles and stable isotope signatures were obtained from surface scrapings of mangrove roots, trunks, branches, and leaves. Results from this multi-technique study indicate that L. scabra is mainly a generalist herbivore, which easily shifts diets depending on food availability, and which also has the ability to ingest and assimilate zooplankton. Ingestion of greater quantities of diverse foods (i.e., microalgae, foliose/corticated macrophytes, filamentous algae, mangrove tissues, zooplankton) takes place in the bottom areas of mangrove trees (roots and trunks) during low tides, while top areas (branches and leaves) provide limited food resources for snails feeding during high tides. However, snails preferentially assimilate microalgae and bacteria, regardless of their feeding habitat (different areas within mangrove trees and non-tidal mesocosms). The daily vertical movements of this snail result in variable feeding times, ingestion of different food types and amounts, and different assimilations. These findings also suggest that organic matter derived from mangrove tissues may not be readily transferred to higher trophic levels through this grazing pathway.  相似文献   

19.
采用乙醇提取法、纳氏比色法、钼锑抗显色法及F-C法分别研究了人工引种于福建省漳浦、集美、泉港、连江无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)成熟叶片的生理指标:叶绿素、氮、磷及总酚含量。结果表明,4个地区叶片叶绿素a含量在(1.44±0.54)—(2.52±0.94)mg/g之间波动,叶绿素b含量范围在(0.54±0.02)—(0.94±0.11)mg/g之间,叶绿素a/b随着纬度的升高有增大趋势,表明随纬度升高无瓣海桑对蓝紫光需求比例增大;各地点无瓣海桑氮、磷含量均无显著差异,且N:P比值均小于14,表明均存在N限制;总酚含量随着纬度的升高而逐步升高,可能与无瓣海桑生长条件随纬度的上升而受到外界环境胁迫增大有关。  相似文献   

20.
The large amounts of leaf litter produced by tropical mangrove forests serve as a major food source for the benthic fauna. The reasons for the preferential consumption of mangrove leaves by crabs are unclear as yet. We investigated the diet, food preferences and consumption rates of 8 dominant grapsoid crab species (Perisesarma spp., Episesarma spp., Metopograpsus latifrons, and Metaplax elegans) in mangroves of Segara Anakan, Java, Indonesia, by means of stomach-content analysis and feeding experiments. Leaves from the five most abundant mangrove tree species (Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia alba, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, and Sonneratia caseolaris) were analyzed for organic carbon, total nitrogen, δ13C, δ15N and amino acids and hexosamines. This study is the first that investigated crab food preferences related to the nitrogen compound composition of leaves.Our results show that Episesarma spp. and Perisesarma spp. are omnivorous crabs which mainly feed on detritus, mangrove litter and bark, and on a small amount of roots, algae and animal matter whereas M. elegans is a detritus feeder. In feeding experiments with green, yellow and brown leaves Perisesarma spp. and E. singaporense had the highest consumption rates for brown leaves of R. apiculata and S. caseolaris, and for green leaves of A. alba. Preferred leaves were characterized by a high amount and/or freshness of nitrogenous compounds and their biochemical composition was significantly different from that of disliked leaves (all leaves of A. corniculatum and C. decandra, green and yellow leaves of R. apiculata and S. caseolaris). The presence of the hexosamine galactosamine found only in brown leaves indicates that bacteria contribute to the amount of bioavailable nitrogen compounds. We infer that the nitrogen compound composition rather than the C/N ratio alone is a determinant for bioavailability of mangrove leaves and hence may partly explain the crabs' food preferences.  相似文献   

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