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1.
采用实验生态学方法,研究了不同起始密度下悬浮清洁疏浚物对中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum和赤潮异弯藻Heterosigma akashiwo生长的影响。研究结果表明,在实验室单培养条件下,清洁疏浚物培养液中,起始密度不同,微藻生长状况明显不同。起始密度为0.2×104 cells·mL-1时,进入指数生长期和静止期的时间延长,但生长所达到的最大细胞密度较高;起始密度为0.8×104 cells·mL-1时,进入指数生长期和静止期的时间缩短,但生长所达到的种群最大密度较低。混合培养条件下,清洁疏浚物培养液中,起始密度不同,导致了微藻种间竞争关系的变化,中肋骨条藻与赤潮异弯藻具有明显的种间竞争,赤潮异弯藻是竞争的优胜者,中肋骨条藻受到赤潮异弯藻的抑制,整个实验周期内细胞密度下降都非常明显,细胞密度明显低于单培养时的细胞密度,而赤潮异弯藻细胞密度并没有明显的减少。在3种不同质量浓度组清洁疏浚物培养液中,质量浓度最高的1 000 mg·L-1培养液中藻细胞密度显著低于100 和500 mg·L-1质量浓度组,而100 mg·L-1培养液中藻细胞密度最高,说明清洁疏浚物质量浓度越高,对海洋微藻抑制影响越为明显,质量浓度越低,影响越小。 相似文献
2.
东海原甲藻与塔玛亚历山大藻种群增长过程与种间竞争研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
针对我国东海2种重要赤潮肇事生物东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexan-drium tamarense)进行了种群增长过程和种间竞争的实验研究。结果表明,单种培养时,不同氮磷比对东海原甲藻和亚历山大藻种群增长过程没有明显的影响,但是会影响其最终的细胞密度;在混合培养时,营养盐组成比例不同对东海原甲藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的种间竞争过程有影响,但不会影响其最后竞争结果。竞争物种的细胞起始密度对种间竞争结果有明显的影响,P.donghaiense和A.tamarense的接种细胞密度比为2 000∶100和2 000∶200时,东海原甲藻占优势;当接种细胞密度比为4 000∶400时,塔玛亚历山大藻占优势。 相似文献
3.
采用以甲壳胺为基质合成的ＣＸ—１型微载体，进行Ｖｅｒｏ细胞悬浮培养实验。结果表明，在１ｍｇ／ｍｌ甲壳胺微载体浓度下，使用ＲＰＭＩ１６４０培养基，添加１０％新生牛血清，３７℃培养３ｈ，传代Ｖｅｒｏ细胞能够快速贴附于微载体上。悬浮培养２４ｈ时，细胞浓度达到２．２６×１０５个／ｍｌ；培养７２ｈ时，细胞浓度达到６．８９×１０５个／ｍｌ；培养１２０ｈ时，细胞浓度达到７．１２×１０５个／ｍｌ。电镜观察表明细胞在微载体上长势良好。说明甲壳胺微载体适合Ｖｅｒｏ细胞高密度悬浮培养 相似文献
4.
在不同的营养盐输入方式下(一次性输入、每2d输入、每5d输入)对杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina)、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)和米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)进行单种培养和混合培养,研究不同的营养盐输入方式对这3种海洋微藻生长及种间竞争的影响。结果表明:单种培养时,盐藻在一次性输入方式下的最终细胞密度和平均比生长速率均显著大于其它2种输入方式;三角褐指藻和米氏凯伦藻在每5d输入方式下的最终细胞密度显著大于其它2种输入方式。混合培养时,盐藻在一次性输入方式下的最终细胞密度和平均比生长速率均显著大于其它2种输入方式,最终细胞密度占总细胞密度的47.3%;三角褐指藻在一次性输入方式下的最终细胞密度和平均比生长速率均显著小于每2d输入和每5d输入方式,后2个处理组的最终细胞密度分别占总细胞密度的90.3%和79.9%;在3种输入方式下米氏凯伦藻的最终细胞密度及占总细胞密度的百分比、平均比生长速率均显著小于其它2种微藻。研究表明,无论单种培养还是混合培养,营养盐一次性输入方式均能促进盐藻的生长,而脉冲输入方式能促进三角褐指藻的生长。脉冲输入方式下混合培养时,三角褐指藻在种群中占优势。 相似文献
5.
利用光生物反应器培养雨生红球藻的研究初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用光生物反应器与光照培养箱两种培养容器培养雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis),对雨生红球藻在两种容器培养过程中细胞生长、pH值、溶解氧(DO)及虾青素积累情况进行比较,同时比较不同接种密度对光生物反应器培养效果的影响。实验表明,光生物反应器中藻细胞的调整期较短,接种1 d后即进入指数生长阶段,在胁迫阶段则仅需4 d即达到虾青素含量的峰值;将pH值控制在偏碱性条件下(7.75±0.10)有利于藻细胞更好生长;营养培养阶段DO相对饱和度上升至80%,而在胁迫阶段则迅速降低,最低值小于6%;较高的接种密度(2.3×104个/mL)具有较短的营养培养周期(7 d),且因接种密度变化对胁迫周期长短无明显影响(均为4 d),选用较高的接种密度可望降低工业生产成本。 相似文献
6.
传统的悬浮法细胞培养成本昂贵,效率较低,已不能满足DNA体外重组与基因克隆技术发展的需要;固定化酶技术则由于酶本身作为蛋白质容易变性,限制了进行生物化学的研究。细胞固定化技术是细胞悬浮培养 相似文献
7.
本文研究了球等鞭金藻3011和8701一次性培养过程中,培养基中不同磷浓度(0μM、2.27μM、18.15μM、36.3μM、72.6μM、290.4μM)对其PS最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、叶绿素含量以及细胞密度的影响。培养温度为(23±1)℃,盐度为31,光照强度为5000 lx。单因子方差分析结果表明,随着培养时间的延长,磷浓度对两株微藻的光合作用及生长均有显著影响(P<0.05)。球等鞭金藻3011和8701的Fv/Fm比值、叶绿素含量以及细胞密度均随着起始磷浓度的增加而增加,在290.4μmol/L处达到最大值;球等鞭金藻3011和8701进行光合作用和生长的最适磷浓度均为290.4μmol/L。 相似文献
8.
氮浓度对盐生杜氏藻和纤细角毛藻叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在温度为(23±1)℃,盐度为31,光照强度为5000lx的条件下,用含有不同氮浓度(0μmol/L,55μmol/L,440μmol/L,880μmol/L,1760μmol/L,7040μmol/L)的培养基对中国海洋大学微藻种质库保存的盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina)和纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)进行培养,研究两种微藻在一次性培养过程中,不同氮浓度对其PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、叶绿素含量以及细胞密度的影响。单因子方差分析结果表明,氮浓度对两种微藻的光合作用及生长均有显著影响(P<0.05)。两种微藻的Fv/Fm比值、叶绿素含量以及细胞密度均随着起始氮浓度的增加而增加,在1760μM时达到最大值,其后随着起始氮浓度的增加,上述指标反而下降。多重比较结果表明,盐藻和纤细角毛藻进行光合作用和生长的最适氮浓度都为1760μmol/L。。 相似文献
9.
《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(5)
本文在不同的磷源(磷酸二氢钠、甘油磷酸钠和三磷酸腺苷二钠)条件下,对3种海洋微藻——盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina)、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)和米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)分别进行单种培养和混合培养,旨在研究不同磷源对3种海洋微藻生长和种间竞争的影响。实验结果表明,单种培养时,3种海洋微藻均能利用不同形态的磷源生长,其中三角褐指藻在磷酸二氢钠处理组的平均比生长速率为所有处理组中最高,达到0.614/d;盐生杜氏藻和米氏凯伦藻对甘油磷酸钠的利用效率均显著高于其它2个处理组,平均比生长速率分别为0.531/d和0.356/d。混合培养时,盐生杜氏藻在磷酸二氢钠组中的最终细胞密度显著高于其它2个磷源处理组,最终细胞密度占总细胞密度的42.7%;三角褐指藻在甘油磷酸钠组和三磷酸腺苷二钠组中的最终细胞密度和平均比生长率均显著高于磷酸二氢钠组,最终细胞密度占总细胞密度的百分比分别为59.8%和63.5%,平均比生长速率分别为0.516/d和0.534/d;米氏凯伦藻在3个磷源处理组的平均比生长速率、最终细胞密度及占总细胞密度的百分比均显著低于其它2种微藻,其中甘油磷酸钠组的平均比生长速率仅有0.236/d,在所有处理组中最低,最终细胞密度占总细胞密度的百分比仅为4.89%。本实验结果还表明,3种磷源条件下混合培养时,三角褐指藻种群都占据了竞争优势。 相似文献
10.
对采自天津潮间带的污泥进行热休克处理,厌氧条件下富集混合菌群进行产氢试验;设置起始pH从4．0到8．0（间隔0．5个单位）,比较混合菌群在不同pH培养条件下产氢量;利用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）分析不同起始pH培养条件下的混合菌群组成。结果表明,在起始pH为7．0时,混合菌群产氢量最高。不同起始pH对产氢量的影响,依... 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
16.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献