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藻红蛋白研究进展 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19
高等植物的主要光合色素是叶绿素a和叶绿素b,而红藻、蓝藻和隐藻的光合色素是叶绿素a和藻胆蛋白。藻胆蛋白包括藻红蛋白(Phycoerythrin,PE)、藻蓝蛋白(Phycocyanin,PC)、异藻蓝蛋白(Allophy-cocyanin,APC)和藻红蓝蛋白(Phycoerythrocyanin,PEC)等,氨基酸序列和免疫交叉反应结果显示PEC归于PC之中。它们各有自己独特的吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱。PE,PC,APC在藻体类囊体膜上顺序排列,加上连接蛋白构成藻胆体,其结构如图1所示。藻胆蛋白能高效率地捕获光能并传递给光系统,光能传递的方向为PE→PC→APC→chla。对藻胆蛋白结构与功能… 相似文献
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藻胆蛋白的研究概况(Ⅰ)——藻胆蛋白的种类与组成 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
藻胆蛋白主要存在于蓝藻、红藻、隐藻和少数一些甲藻中 ,其主要功能是作为光合作用的捕光色素复合体 ,在一些藻类中藻胆蛋白也可以作为储藏蛋白 ,以使藻类在氮源缺乏的季节得以生存。目前 ,对藻胆蛋白的基础研究方兴未艾 ,取得了一些重要的结果。同时由于发现藻胆蛋白有广泛的应用前景 ,因而备受人们的关注。本文就藻胆蛋白的种类及组成方面的研究概况作一综述。１藻胆蛋白的种类已知的藻胆蛋白主要可以分为４大类 ,即藻红蛋白（Ｐｈｙｃｏｅｒｙｔｈｒｉｎ）、藻蓝蛋白（Ｐｈｙｃｏｃｙａｎｉｎ）、藻红蓝蛋白（Ｐｈｃｏｅｒｙｃｙａｎｉｎ… 相似文献
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藻胆蛋白的研究概况Ⅲ.蓝藻藻胆蛋白合成的分子机制及调控 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近２０年来 ,尤其是蓝藻中的集胞藻ＰＣＣ６８０３的基因组全序列测定的完成 ,使得藻胆蛋白分子生物学的研究日渐深入 ,研究人员已经先后从一些蓝藻 (包括蓝藻细胞内的蓝色小体 )和红藻细胞中克隆了一些与合成藻胆蛋白相关的基因 ,并对这些基因的数量、位置以及表达调控进行了深入的研究。这些研究加深了我们对藻胆蛋白结构及其基因进化的认识 ,同时也有利于我们理解藻胆蛋白合成的不同水平的调控方式。本文就近年来蓝藻藻胆蛋白分子生物学的研究作一综述。１藻胆蛋白脱辅基蛋白基因的表达与调控１．１藻胆蛋白脱辅基蛋白基因的转录单元的结… 相似文献
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植物的光合器官通常含有叶绿素、类胡罗卜素和藻胆蛋白三类色素。藻胆蛋白主要包括藻红蛋白、藻蓝蛋白和变藻蓝蛋白。藻胆蛋白是水溶性的,这些蛋白质以共价键与发色团相连。R代表红藻纲,C代表蓝藻纲。 藻胆蛋白主要分布在蓝藻、红藻和隐藻中,是光合作用的辅助色素,当藻红蛋白吸收了光能后,将能量传递给藻蓝蛋白,然后经过变藻蓝蛋白传递给叶绿素a以进行光合作用。因而,藻胆蛋白是进行光合作用的主要光接受器。 相似文献
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藻胆蛋白在食品、化妆品等领域中具有广泛的应用前景,同时也可以作为医学研究中的荧光标记物和氧化应激疾病的潜在治疗药物。高纯度藻胆蛋白的分离纯化一直是国内外的研究热点。目前,蓝藻中的螺旋藻和红藻中的微藻紫球藻是研究较多的材料,龙须菜近年来的广泛种植,扩大了原材料的来源。藻胆蛋白的粗提主要是由物理破碎和化学沉淀组成,破碎的方法因原料的不同而具有一定的差异。高纯度的藻胆蛋白获取主要是通过离子交换,疏水层析等方法,这些方法耗时长,回收率低;双水相萃取,利凡诺沉淀,壳聚糖和活性碳吸附沉淀为人们分离纯化藻胆蛋白提供了新的思路。 相似文献
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湛江隐藻培养基的优化及其N、P和K含量与隐藻细胞颜色相关性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道从广东湛江沿海采集、分离的隐藻———湛江隐藻 (CryptomonaszhanjiangensisH .J.HuetL .P .Wu)的室内培养 ,从 5种培养基中筛选得到较适合于其生长的 85 - 1培养基。在此基础上 ,对培养基中的N、P、K含量在生长过程中的变化以及细胞中叶绿素和隐藻藻红蛋白的消长情况进行了研究。结果表明 ,湛江隐藻在培养过程中出现的由红褐色—黄褐色—橄榄绿色的细胞颜色变化主要是由细胞内隐藻藻红蛋白与叶绿素的比值决定的 ,并与培养基中N素水平的变化成正相关。此外 ,在色素的提取过程中 ,对同一材料的不同色素进行分步提取 ,方法简便 ,效果也较好 相似文献
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为了探究藻胆蛋白与高等植物类囊体膜之间的光能传递规律,验证重组藻胆蛋白是否可以与高等植物类囊体膜之间的光能传递,本研究分别提取了重组藻红蛋白、重组藻蓝蛋白以及菠菜和韭菜的类囊体进行混合孵育,然后进行了全波长吸收光谱以及荧光光谱检测。结果显示:混合孵育时间为10~20 min有利于重组藻红蛋白和藻蓝蛋白与类囊体膜结合并进行光能传递,最适混合孵育时间随重组藻胆蛋白和类囊体的种类不同而稍有不同;重组藻红蛋白不能与菠菜或韭菜的类囊体膜直接发生光能传递,但是当体系中添加重组藻蓝蛋白的时候就可以;重组藻蓝蛋白可以与类囊体中的叶绿素a直接进行光能传递,使得叶绿素a的荧光发射峰值显著提升,当藻红蛋白和藻蓝蛋白的比例是1∶2时,光能传递效率较高。本研究为藻胆蛋白在构建新型光合系统中的应用提供实验依据。 相似文献
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藻胆蛋白(Phycobiliprotein,PBP)是原核藻类和真核藻类进行光合作用的捕光色素蛋白,占藻体干重的2%左右,主要分为3类:藻红蛋白(phycoer-ythrin,PE)、藻蓝蛋白(phycocyanin,PC)和别藻蓝蛋白(allophycocyanin,APC)[1].藻胆蛋白一般由α亚基和β亚基组成,部分藻胆蛋白中还存在γ亚基.一般由α和β亚基形成稳定的单体(αβ),再由单体聚合为多聚体(αβ)n.从蓝藻和红藻中分离的藻胆蛋白为三聚体(αβ)3或六聚体(αβ)6[2]. 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献