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从湖南常德某养殖场死亡的斑点叉尾（Ictalunes punctatus）肝脏、肾脏、腹水及血水中分离到一株致病性菌株zy02。对该菌进行了形态特征观察、理化特性测定及分子生物学方法鉴定,用PCR方法同时扩增其16S rDNA和gyrB基因,分析了16S rDNA和gyrB两种基因序列的同源性,并构建了系统发生树。经生理生化测定和16S rDNA与gyrB基因序列分析,zy02株为中间气单胞菌。人工感染该菌后发病鱼表现为与自然发病类似症状,且从组织中再分离的细菌特性与原感染菌相同。腹腔注射后该菌株对斑点叉尾的半致死浓度为3.89×106CFU/mL。菌株zy02对多西环素、庆大霉素及左氧氟沙星等高度敏感;对红霉素中度敏感;对阿莫西林、磺胺异噁唑、克林霉素及利福平等5种药物耐药。本研究为斑点叉尾该病防控提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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褐点石斑鱼脱鳞病病原菌的分离与鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从海南陵水新村港网箱养殖脱鳞病濒死褐点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)体内分离到3 株优势菌株XC08061、XC08062 和XC08063, 经回归感染试验确定为致病菌。这3 株细菌经生化鉴定以及16S rDNA 测序分析, 确定均为哈氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)。其中, XC08061 对体长为12～14 cm 褐点石斑鱼的半致死剂量为5.8×102 CFU/g 鱼体质量。药敏试验表明, 该菌具有较强的耐药性, 在所检测的25种抗菌药物中, 仅对新生霉素、头孢噻肟、先锋必/舒巴坦、诺氟沙星、依诺沙星和庆大霉素6 种抗菌药物敏感。 相似文献
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为揭示虎龙杂交斑(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂)和斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)肠道微生物群落的结构及功能差异, 利用16S rDNA高通量测序技术对其肠道微生物群落进行分析。结果表明: (1) 虎龙杂交斑肠道微生物群落以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为主, 斜带石斑鱼中以变形菌门、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)和厚壁菌门为主。(2) 在属水平, 虎龙杂交斑和斜带石斑鱼肠道中均含有高丰度的弧菌属(Vibrio)。鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)、发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)和丙酸菌属(Propionigenium)是斜带石斑鱼肠道中的标志微生物, 而虎龙杂交斑肠道中的标志微生物为棒状杆菌属1 (Corynebacterium 1)、变形杆菌属(Proteus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和类香菌属(Myroides)。(3) 网络分析显示, 变形菌门在两种石斑鱼肠道中均占主导地位。(4) 功能预测表明, 虎龙杂交斑肠道微生物群落中抗坏血酸与糖醛酸代谢、植物-病原体相互作用和胰岛素信号通路显著高于斜带石斑鱼, 斜带石斑鱼肠道微生物群落的功能在万古霉素类抗生素和链霉素生物合成、亚油酸代谢、双酚降解以及类黄酮生物合成的相关途径中显著富集。研究结果有望加深对石斑鱼肠道微生物群落的认识, 为选择合适的石斑鱼养殖品种, 提高石斑鱼养殖产业的经济效益提供科学参考。 相似文献
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为探明舟山海域网箱养殖小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)暴发的以体表溃疡、眼球溃烂、内脏出现白色结节为主要症状的疾病病因, 对患病小黄鱼体表溃疡处和结节病灶处采集组织样本, 在血琼脂平板上划线培养, 通过分离、纯化到同一优势菌株ZHNK2101。经形态学观察、生理生化鉴定、16S rRNA基因片段扩增及序列比对,确定该菌株为鰤鱼诺卡氏菌(Nocardia seriolae)。药敏试验结果显示, 菌株ZHNK2101对哌拉西林、头孢曲松、丁胺卡那、庆大霉素等16种抗生素敏感。回归感染试验表明, 该菌株可以感染小黄鱼并引起和自然感染相同的症状, 半致死浓度LD50为7.28×104 CFU/尾。另外,该病株会引起小黄鱼鳃、肝、肾和脾脏发生病理变化, 主要表现为鳃丝紊乱,肝脏、肾脏、脾脏组织细胞纤维化形成病理性结节。试验首次报道了小黄鱼感染鰤鱼诺卡氏菌的病例, 并从理化特性、药敏试验、回归感染及组织病理变化等方面对该菌株的特性进行了初步研究, 为小黄鱼养殖过程中由鰤鱼诺卡氏菌引起的内脏白点病的早期预防和治疗提供基础数据。 相似文献
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本文通过qPCR方法,研究了我国重要海水鱼类——牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）雌、雄成体组织以及性腺分化期的脑、性腺中gnrh1、gnrh2和gnrh3的表达水平。结果显示,gnrh1分布于所有检测的组织：在脑、垂体、肾脏和肝脏中高表达,在性腺中表达相对较低;gnrh2则在雌、雄性的肝脏以及雄性的肠、肾脏、眼睛和头肾中;而gnrh3只在雄性的肾脏、眼睛和肌肉中检测到微弱表达。人工诱导的牙鲆雌核发育鱼苗分别用17β-雌二醇（E2）和17α-甲基睾酮（MT）处理,使其分化为雌性或雄性个体表型。在性腺分化期的脑中,gnrh1的表达呈现上升趋势,在全长（total length,TL）4 cm鱼苗中,E2组的表达显著高于MT组（P<0.05）;gnrh2在2 cm TL时E2组显著高于MT组（P<0.05）,随后在E2和对照组的表达水平均出现下降趋势;gnrh3在2 cm TL时E2和对照组的表达均显著高于MT组（P<0.05）,自6 cm TL时MT和E2组的表达开始下降。在性腺中,三种gnrh在性腺分化前2 cm TL表达量都相对较高,随后呈现下降趋势。综上,推测牙鲆gnrh1可能参与了性腺分化的启动、分化过程及性腺发育,gnrh2主要参与了性腺分化的启动,gnrh3主要参与了性腺分化的启动和分化过程。 相似文献
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Ideally, the correction of the measured CO2 fugacity (fCO2) at temperature Tm to fCO2 at the in-situ temperature Tin should be made by using at least 2 known parameters (pH-AT, CT-AT,…) and the reliable constants for carbonic acid. In practice however, a measured CO2 property pair is not always available. When fCO2 is measured alone, one must make an estimate of the effect of temperature on seawater fCO2 from the accurate knowledge of seawater salinity and temperature and the approximate knowledge of the carbonate parameters. In this paper we present an empirical relationship that can be used to estimate the effect of temperature on fCO2. The equation is of the form: where fCO2[t] and fCO2[20] represent fCO2 at temperatures t°C and 20°C, respectively; the parameters A, B, etc. are functions of the ratio X = CT/AT: where the parameters ai, bi, etc. are functions of salinity.The 25-parameter equation is fitted by the values of fCO2 calculated using the constants of Goyet and Poisson (1989), when X varies from 0.8 to 1.0, t varies from −1dgC to 40°C, and S varies from 30 to 40. For Tm - Tin within ± 10°C, direct measurements of fCO2 as a function of the temperature (from −I to 30°C verify this equation within less than ±5 μatm. 相似文献
ƒCO2[t] − ƒCO2[20]=A + Bt + Ct2 + Dt3 + Et4
E = e0 + e1X + e2X2ln(X) + e3exp(X) + e4/ln(X)
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《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,57(5-6):873-885
In the present work we explore the impact of assimilating local tide-gauge and altimetric data on the quality of predicting the major Adriatic tides (M2 and K1). To that end we compute optimal tidal open boundary conditions for a 3D high-resolution finite-element model by using an incremental assimilation formalism. The essence of the method is the use of two dynamical models where the solution in the complex 3D high-resolution model is sought via assimilation of prediction errors into the simpler 2D model with explicit inverse. In the central numerical experiment, harmonic constants from 12 tide gauges are assimilated and the results are analysed at 31 locations, hence 19 independent ones. The data assimilation contributes to the reduction of maximum amplitude error from 5.6 to 0.5 cm for M2 and from 3.9 to 0.1 cm for K1. The assimilation procedure is repeated by assimilating suitably processed Topex/Poseidon altimeter data, again validating the outcome at 31 tide gauge locations. The result was very similar to the gauge-data assimilation outcome. The model output is also validated with the current data, not used in the assimilation. At two locations and at three depths the model was able to reproduce the major and the minor semi-axes of tidal ellipses, as well as their orientations very well. 相似文献
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我们通过荧光染色、自身基因组原位杂交（Self-GISH）和多色荧光原位杂交（FISH）,首次研究了棘头梅童鱼（Richardson,1844）的核型特征。雌性核型有24对端部着丝粒染色体（2n=48a,NF=48）,而雄性核型包含22对端部着丝粒染色体,2条端部着丝粒染色体单体和1条中间着丝粒染色体（2n=1m+46a,NF=48）。雌性和雄性核型之间的差异表明,棘头梅童鱼的性染色体系统为X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y型,其中Y为雄性中特有的中间着丝粒染色体。三色FISH结果显示,5S rDNA和18S rDNA位点定位在最大的端着丝粒染色体（X1）以及Y染色体的短臂;X1染色体上有一个特异的臂间端粒信号（ITS）,与5S rDNA位点部分重叠。Self-GISH结果显示,在推定的性染色体DNA重复序列聚集。根据实验结果我们提出关于棘头梅童鱼Y染色体起源的假说：Y染色体起源于祖先核型（2n=48a）中的两条端部着丝染色体融合,并且在此过程中伴随着片段缺失。本研究首次在石首鱼科中描述了异形的性染色体,将为其他石首鱼的性染色体研究提供线索。 相似文献
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The TCO2, O2, TA and δ13C data of the 1969 Geosecs Intercalibration Cruise was analyzed and found to be consistent with a vertical mixing model which assumes that each point along a vertical profile is a mixture of the upper and lower boundaries. Calculated regression coefficients are in agreement with the model of Redfield et al. (1963) and with the assumption that TA variation is due to carbonate reaction. Oxygen consumption and TCO2 production decrease exponentially with depth and approximately 80% of ΔCO2 can be accounted for, on average, by O2 consumption. The remaining 20% are probably due to carbonate solution which seems to take place at depths below 2,500 m. The present study suggests that the isotopic composition (δ13C) of the carbon source, required to account for most of the oxygen consumed, may be heavier than the value of −23%. assigned to dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon. 相似文献
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This paper evaluates the simultaneous measurement of dissolved gases (CO2 and O2/Ar ratios) by membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) along the 180° meridian in the Southern Ocean. The calibration of pCO2 measurements by MIMS is reported for the first time using two independent methods of temperature correction. Multiple calibrations and method comparison exercises conducted in the Southern Ocean between New Zealand and the Ross Sea showed that the MIMS method provides pCO2 measurements that are consistent with those obtained by standard techniques (i.e. headspace equilibrator equipped with a Li–Cor NDIR analyser). The overall MIMS accuracy compared to Li–Cor measurements was 0.8 μatm. The O2/Ar ratio measurements were calibrated with air-equilibrated seawater standards stored at constant temperature (0 ± 1 °C). The reproducibility of the O2/Ar standards was better than 0.07% during the 9 days of transect between New Zealand and the Ross Sea.The high frequency, real-time measurements of dissolved gases with MIMS revealed significant small-scale heterogeneity in the distribution of pCO2 and biologically-induced O2 supersaturation (ΔO2/Ar). North of 65°S several prominent thermal fronts influenced CO2 concentrations, with biological factors also contributing to local variability. In contrast, the spatial variation of pCO2 in the Ross Sea gyre was almost entirely attributed to the biological utilization of CO2, with only small temperature effects. This high productivity region showed a strong inverse relationship between pCO2 and biologically-induced O2 disequilibria (r2 = 0.93). The daily sea air CO2 flux ranged from − 0.2 mmol/m2 in the Northern Sub-Antarctic Front to − 6.4 mmol/m2 on the Ross Sea shelves where the maximum CO2 influx reached values up to − 13.9 mmol/m2. This suggests that the Southern Ocean water (south of 58°S) acts as a seasonal sink for atmospheric CO2 at the time of our field study. 相似文献
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Accumulation of total CO2 (CT) was investigated in the sub-halocline deep water of the Gotland Sea (Baltic Sea) during a period of stagnation from 1995 to 1999. Depth profiles for CT, nitrate, phosphate, and oxygen were measured during seven cruises in a grid consisting of 26 stations. The mean CT increased by more than 60 μmol/kg from October 1995 to July 1999 corresponding to a mean accumulation rate of 1.1 mol/m2 year. Taking into account vertical mixing, the vertical distribution of the CT accumulation was used to determine mineralization rates at different depths. High rates immediately below the halocline indicated the existence of a fraction of organic matter, which is rapidly mineralized during sinking through the water column. A second fraction is more refractive and accumulates at the sediment surface in the deep center of the basin where it is slowly mineralized and partly buried. Phosphate release rates in anoxic waters and especially at the redoxcline were substantially higher than those estimated on the basis of the carbon mineralization and the Redfield C/P ratio. This is attributed to non-Redfield mineralization ratios and the dissolution of iron oxide/phosphate associates. The formation of nitrate by mineralization under oxic conditions was almost completely compensated by denitrification. Using the carbon mineralization rates and a C/N ratio of 8.4, a denitrification rate of 280 mmol/m2 year was obtained, which approximately balances the input of nitrate/ammonia into the surface water. Relating the apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) to the CT fraction that was generated by mineralization yielded a carbon mineralization/O2 consumption ratio of 0.83. 相似文献
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在保守序列高度相似的细菌鉴定中,单独使用16S rDNA/RNA序列进行比对和构建进化树通常无法准确鉴定到种,需要增加测序基因数并对多基因进行分析。为实现快速鉴定,课题组对16S与gyrB基因联合建树的方法进行了研究,将海洋来源的一株杆菌,分别用通用引物扩增16S和gyrB基因并测序,在GeneBank进行序列比对后,选择各菌种保藏中心16S和gyrB基因均相似的菌株,取16S和gyrB基因序列,采用Paup*4.0构建进化树。使用16S与gyrB拼接序列构建的进化树中属于同一种的菌株均很好的聚合在一枝,种间分枝自展值均高于98,分类结构准确,筛选得到的杆菌与地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacilluslicheniformis)聚合在一枝,自展值为100,鉴定为地衣芽胞杆菌。经生理生化试验验证,该菌株与地衣芽胞杆菌特征完全一致,使用16S和gyrB基因联合建树得到的鉴定结果准确且快速简便。 相似文献
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Jennifer L. Mercer Meixun Zhao Steven M. Colman 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,63(4):675-682
Alkenone unsaturation indices (UK37 and UK′37) have long been used as proxies for surface water temperature in the open ocean. Recent studies have suggested that in other marine environments, variables other than temperature may affect both the production of alkenones and the values of the indices. Here, we present the results of a reconnaissance field study in which alkenones were extracted from particulate matter filtered from the water column in Chesapeake Bay during 2000 and 2001. A multivariate analysis shows a strong positive correlation between UK37 (and UK′37) values and temperature, and a significant negative correlation between UK37 (and UK′37) values and nitrate concentrations. However, temperature and nitrate concentrations also co-vary significantly. The temperature vs. UK37 relationships (UK37=0.018 (T)−0.162, R2=0.84, UK′37=0.013 (T)−0.04, R2=0.80) have lower slopes than the open-ocean equations of Prahl et al. [1988. Further evaluation of long-chain alkenones as indicators of paleoceanographic conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52, 2303–2310] and Müller et al. [1998. Calibration of the alkenone paleotemperature index UK′37 based on core-tops from the eastern South Atlantic and the global ocean (60°N–60°S). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62, 1757–1772], but are similar to the relationships found in controlled studies with elevated nutrient levels and higher nitrate:phosphate (N:P) ratios. This implies that high nutrient levels in Chesapeake Bay have either lowered the UK37 vs. temperature slope, or nutrient levels are the main controller of the UK37 index. In addition, particularly high abundances (>5% of total C37 alkenones) of the tetra-unsaturated ketone, C37:4, were found when water temperatures reached 25 °C or higher, thus posing further questions about the controls on alkenone production as well as the biochemical roles of alkenones. 相似文献
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The interannual variations of CO2 sources and sinks in the surface waters of the Antarctic Ocean (south of 50°S) were studied between 1986 and 1994. An existing, slightly modified one-dimensional model describing the mixed-layer carbon cycle was used for this study and forced by available satellite-derived and climatological data. Between 1986 and 1994, the mean Antarctic Ocean CO2 uptake was 0.53 Pg C year−1 with an interannual variability of 0.15 Pg C year−1.Interannual variation of the Antarctic Ocean CO2 uptake is related to the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW), which affects sea surface temperature (SST), wind-speed and sea-ice extent. The CO2 uptake in the Antarctic Ocean has increased from 1986 to 1994 by 0.32 Pg C. It was found that over the 9 years, the surface ocean carbon dioxide fugacity (fCO2) increase was half that of the atmospheric CO2 increase inducing an increase of the air–sea fCO2 gradient. This effect is responsible for 60% of the Antarctic Ocean CO2 uptake increase between 1986 and 1994, as the ACW effect cancels out over the 9 years investigated. 相似文献
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Evangelia Krasakopoulou Ekaterini Souvermezoglou Catherine Goyet 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(11):1103-1114
This study presents the distribution and fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (CT), total alkalinity (AT) and anthropogenic carbon (Cant) along the Otranto strait, during February 1995. Based on a limited number of properties (temperature, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon), the composite tracer TrOCA was used to estimate the concentration of anthropogenic CO2 in the Otranto strait.Total alkalinity exhibits high values and weak variability throughout the water column of the strait, probably associated with the dense water formation processes in the Adriatic basin that induce a rapid transport of the coastal alkalinity to the deep waters. Elevated Cant concentrations and high anthropogenic pH variations are observed in the bottom layer of the strait, associated with the presence of Adriatic Deep Water (ADW). The study shows that large amounts of Cant have penetrated the highly alkaline Eastern Mediterranean waters, thereby causing a significant pH reduction since the pre-industrial era.Estimates of the transports of CT and Cant through the strait indicate that during February 1995, the Adriatic Sea imports through the Otranto strait natural and anthropogenic carbon and acts as a net sink of carbon for the Ionian Sea. The anthropogenic carbon that is imported to the Adriatic Sea represents less than 1% of the net CT inflow. The Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) contributes to about one-third of the total CT and Cant inflow. Although the amounts of Cant annually transported by LIW and ADW are almost equal, the contribution of Cant to the CT transported by each water mass is slightly higher in ADW (3.1%) than in LIW (2.6%), as a result of its higher mean Cant concentration. The ADW, despite its weak contribution to the total outflow of Cant, has a vital role for the sequestration and storage of the anthropogenic carbon, as this water mass is the main component of the Eastern Mediterranean Deep Waters and, thus, the anthropogenic CO2 is transferred in the deep horizons of the Eastern Mediterranean, where it remains isolated for many years. 相似文献