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利用2014年夜光遥感数据分析吕宋岛西北部海域（18°~22°N,117°~120°E）灯光渔船的聚集性分布特征,并结合遥感环境数据研究引起该海域渔船聚集的海洋环境机制。研究结果表明:（1）2014年研究区的渔船灯光主要出现在2-4月,其中,3月灯光像元数量最多（3 417个）,其次是4月（1 780个）和2月（573个）;（2）日灯光像元数量时间序列结果显示,渔船灯光集中出现在2月23日至3月8日（T1）,3月25日至4月7日（T2）,4月23日至4月27日（T3）3个时段,其中,T1期间,灯光像元在18.6°~20.1°N,117.9°~118.6°E（A区）聚集;T2期间,灯光像元在18.6°~20.1°N,117.9°~118.6°E（B区）聚集;（3）A区和B区两个灯光密集区叶绿素a浓度升高可能与起源于吕宋岛西北部的冷涡相关。 相似文献
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根据中国第18次南极科学考察队2002年1～3月在南印度洋从中山站外普里兹湾到澳大利亚费里曼特尔断面的走航XBT/XCTD资料和CTD资料及1998年1月、1999年2月和2000年3月等其他航次的调查资料,分析了该航线上海洋锋的位置及其年际变化:(1)在75°～78°E南极陆坡锋的位置在645°～655°S;在84°～100°E范围极地锋在535°～543°S附近;在96°～103°E亚南极锋在46°S～470°S附近;在110°E附近亚热带锋在372～380°S之间;(2)在南极极锋区存在显著等温线、等盐线的上凸和下凹,不同年份发生位置有变化;(3)在亚南极锋北侧,等温线、等盐线呈垂直排列的状态,温度、盐度垂直方向上分布均匀一致;(4)与1979,1991和1992年该区域同期的资料相比,近4a观测到的极地锋显著偏南1个纬距以上. 相似文献
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利用最近20 a的大气海洋资料,分析了厄尔尼诺事件与赤道太平洋西风异常以及赤道太平洋次表层海温之间的关系.结果表明,赤道西太平洋(5°S～5°N,120°～160°E)和赤道中东太平洋(5°S～5°N,160°E～160°W)西风异常都存在着与厄尔尼诺周期一致的年际变化,但前者还包含有显著的2～3个月季节内振荡.赤道西太平洋次表层冷暖水东移也呈现年和年际时间尺度的振荡周期.在厄尔尼诺发生前,赤道西太平洋次表层海水出现持续性增暖,赤道西太平洋西风异常频率加快,强度增强.随后赤道中太平洋(160°E～160°W)出现持续性(3个月以上)强西风异常(即西风爆发),并进一步向东扩展,同时次表层暖水沿着赤道波导东移到赤道东太平洋混合层,导致赤道东太平洋海表大面积异常增暖,形成一次厄尔尼诺现象.最后,模式模拟了1980～1984年赤道太平洋海温的变化,进一步证实了赤道纬向西风异常对暖水东移起着重要的作用. 相似文献
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中西太平洋金枪鱼围网高产渔区年间变化及其原因分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
金枪鱼类是中西太平洋海域重要的经济鱼种,其中鲣产量约占到总产量的50%。本研究利用1995-2010年16年的中西太平洋（20°S~20°N,120°E~155°W）鲣围网生产统计数据和Niño3.4海区（5°S~5°N,120°~170°W）海表温度异常数据,对这16年鲣产量最高的十大渔区（5°×5°）进行时空格局分析,讨论渔场分布差异及CPUE与ENSO指数的关系。结果表明:16年间十大作业渔区主要分布在5°S~5°N、130°~175°E区域,这十大渔区产量占总产量的比重达47.5%,其中5°S~0°、155°~160°E,0°~5°N、130°~135°E,0°~5°N、135°~140°E及5°S~0°、160°~165°E等4个渔区产量占高产渔区产量的比重均超过10%,是中西太平洋重要的鲣产区。高产渔区的分布受海表温度影响较大,在厄尔尼诺时期,高产渔区分布明显偏东,主要分布在155°~180°E海域;在拉尼娜时期,高产渔区分布明显偏西,主要分布在130°~160°E海域。 相似文献
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国家海洋局南海水文气象中心,为适应科研、生产等部门的需要、配合海洋水文气象部门的预报工作,于1984年10月份开始,向广东省及全国三十多个有关部门发布南海北部月平均海面水温实况分析图及其距平分析图。 分析范围: 110°-123°E, 17°-26°N 一、海面水温实况分析图 根据国家海洋局南海分局的海洋监测调查资料、国际、国内商船测报资料、海洋站资料及其他资料综合分析制作。温度等值线的单位为摄氏度。 相似文献
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利用日本海洋调查船沿137°E断面8°N—1°S之间、1968—1985年每年1月份的海流实测资料,分析了该断面上赤道潜流的变化。资料表明,该处赤道潜流位于1°—2°N之间的温跃层中、下部,其单、双核结构均可出现,且下层流核之流速多大于上层流核。该处潜流1月年际变化明显,一般E1 Nino(简称EN)后期流速小于非EN时期。这主要是由于EN初期夏、秋季中太平洋信风风场发生变化,从而导致赤道及热带太平洋纬向压力梯度变化。此外,137°E赤道潜流与其两侧流的经向辐合关系密切,这表明了北赤道逆流和南赤道流对潜流的可能影响。 相似文献
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本文分析了1949～1988年期间的埃尔-尼诺现象与西北太平洋上强热带气旋发生频数的关系指出:埃尔-尼诺年仅在120°～150°E洋面上的强热带气旋发生数较非埃尔-尼诺年偏少,南海和150°～180°E洋面上则分别相近和偏多;埃尔-尼诺年的次年,仅150°～180°E洋面上偏少,150°E以西和南海则与常年相当。文中还对比分析了较典型的埃尔-尼诺年以及强热带气旋发生多和少的埃尔-尼诺年的热带大气环流,初步揭示了热带对流层上、下部及经向和纬向垂直环流的差别。 相似文献
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表层水温长期预报问题的研究已有多年历史。早期的学者主要用相关分析和水温长期变化的规律来制作月、季或更长期的预报,如Hatanka(1948),Watanabe和Hirao(1955), Kolesnikov(1947,1953)以及Milar(1952)等。六十年代以来,不少学者采用数值计算方法,预报北太平洋及全球范围内的月际温度变异,如Adem(1969,1970),J.Jacobs(1967)和Shigeo Moriyasu (1969,1970)等,他们在数值模式中,考虑了海洋与大气之间的热量交换,洋流与风海流的热量输送及其搅拌作用,以及水平与垂直方向上的涡动扩散;从大范围看,得到了较好的预报效果。Namias(1972)在分析北太平洋海面温度的时空分布及其与海平面气压场的关系时,发现可以根据水温变化的时间持续性和空间相关性及其与海平面气压场的关系,预报月平均水温及相应的海平面气压。以上所述及其他许多研究成果,目前能用于常规预报的,主要仍然是经验方法。本文通过分析黑潮地区表层水温与前期大气环流的相关,选取相关系数高的站点,用阶段回归方法,建立了本海区各月的水温月趋势预报方程。
文中采用的水温资料(1951-1974年)取自日本及美国发表的北太平洋海面水温资料,计算过程中对前后12年资料的系统误差进行了校正,500亳巴高度场资料取自上海中心气象台。黑潮地区的表层水温用20°N,125°E;20°N,130°E;25°N,125°E;25°N,130°E;30°N,130°E;30°N,135°E等六个站的平均资料来代表。 相似文献
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南海中部海域障碍层特征及其形成机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
南海中部海域(10°~19°N,108°~122°E)存在显著的季节变化的障碍层.障碍层发生概率夏季最大(52.8%),秋季次之(41.0%),春季最小(10.5%).夏季(2000年8~9月)障碍层最显著,平均厚度约为14.2m;除114°E以东、吕宋岛以西海域为障碍层的多发区外,中南半岛东南海域(12°~14°N,110°~114°E)也存在显著的障碍层;春季(1998年4~6月)和秋季(1998年12月)障碍层平均厚度分别为6.8和11.2m,障碍层多位于114°E以东、吕宋岛以西海域.此外,吕宋岛以西海域(12°~16°N,116°~120°E)及中沙和西沙群岛附近(16°~18°N,110°~116°E)海域障碍层年发生几率超过20%,相对而言,其他海域障碍层年发生几率偏小.降水机制和层结机制分别是南海中部海域春、夏季和秋季障碍层形成的主要原因.其中,降水机制及东南向的Ekman平流较好的解释了春、夏季吕宋岛以西附近海域成为障碍层多发区的原因;此外,强降水是夏季中南半岛东南海域(12°~14°N,110°~114°E)障碍层产生的关键,反气旋涡(暖涡)有助于形成更强的障碍层,上升流对障碍层的影响有待进一步研究. 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Nabil Sultan Pierre Cochonat Jean Fran ois Bourillet Florence Cayocca 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(2):107-133
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed. 相似文献