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1.
破裂临界状态下大理岩的剪切波分裂特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以山东莱州大理岩为样品对岩样在破裂临界状态下的剪切波分裂特征进行了观测和分析,在两个样品上,得到破裂临界状态下的系列记录,结果表明,在岩石崩溃之前的临界状态下,即使载荷不变,剪切波分裂时间延迟也可能会有涨落现象,即剪切波分裂时间延迟可能会有一个下降的过程。 相似文献
2.
大理岩的剪切波分裂对差应力变化响应的实验研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
利用ＤＺ９５型多通道瞬态波形记录仪和ＧＣ－１００型工程多波参数分析仪,对山东莱州大理岩进行了剪切波分裂观测研究．通过两组岩样的测量,在带有自然优势定向排列裂缝的岩样在无加载状态下发现剪切波的分裂现象,而带有优势层理走向的完整岩石则在加载到一定程度下才能观测到剪切波的分裂．随着载荷的增加,多数岩样在临近破坏时都记录到剪切波分裂的时间延迟有一个迅速的抬升,但抬升之前的变化过程不同,不同位置的观测结果也大不相同．实验还发现,在一定压力下,即使载荷保持不变或卸载一加载,岩石中剪切波分裂的时间延迟仍然增加,我们称之为“惯性生长”．在实验中,还少量地记录到一些声发射事件,和人工源的效果一样,也可在接收波形中清楚地分辨出剪切波的分裂． 相似文献
3.
Temporal variations of shear-wave splitting in field and laboratory studies in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Observations of shear-wave splitting at seismic stations above a swarm of small earthquakes on Hainan Island, China, and other examples world-wide, suggest that the time-delays of split shear-waves monitor the build up of stress before earthquakes and the stress release as earthquakes occur. Rock physics experiments on marble specimens also show variations of shear-wave time-delays with uniaxial pressure analogous to the field observations. The rock experiments show an abrupt decrease in time-delays immediately before fracturing occurs. Similar precursory behaviour has been observed before earthquakes elsewhere, and is believed to be important for two reasons. Precursory changes in shear-wave splitting could be used for short-term forecasting, but of greater importance may be the information such behaviour provides about the source processes in earthquake preparation zones. 相似文献
4.
本文测定了2013年4月20日芦山MS7.0地震震源区及其附近台站的S波分裂参数,包括快波偏振方向和慢波延迟时间,最终得到了40个台站的S波分裂结果．结果显示:在地震主破裂区内观测到的快波优势取向为NE向,与余震分布的长轴方向一致;位于双石—大川断裂以西台站的快波偏振优势方向为NW向,与区域最大主压应力轴方向一致;位于荥经断裂附近台站的快波偏振优势方向为NW向,与该断裂走向一致．快波偏振优势方向随时间的变化结果显示:主震前位于地震破裂区附近的TQU和BAX台站的快波偏振优势方向均呈NE向;主震后TQU台站的快波偏振优势方向为近EW向,而BAX台站的快波偏振优势方向则不突出,反映出芦山地震主震前快波偏振方向受控于龙门山断裂带,而主震后受构造应力场的作用更加明显．此外,各台站的慢波延迟时间为1.25—5.40ms/km,在余震覆盖密集区域,台站的慢波延迟时间均大于3.0ms/km,反映出震源区的各向异性程度较强．芦山主震后,各台站的延迟时间随时间变化持续减小,反映出震源区地壳应力随余震活动逐渐减小． 相似文献
5.
选用2012年6月24日宁蒗-盐源MS5.7地震震源区的泸沽湖台站2008年9月—2013年9月连续5年的地震数据进行剪切波分裂计算, 从剪切波分裂参数随时间的变化初步获得了宁蒗-盐源地区的区域应力特征, 以及该地震发生前后地壳应力的特征性变化. 泸沽湖台站快波偏振方向结果显示, 该台站具有NE向和SE向两个优势取向, 与研究区域内断裂的走向相同. 该台站的慢波延迟时间表现出明显的变化, 特别是在宁蒗-盐源MS5.7地震发生前后. 在宁蒗-盐源地震发生前一年, 泸沽湖台站的慢波延迟时间缓慢地增加, 表明该地区地壳应力逐渐积累; 直到该地震发生前一个月, 泸沽湖台站的慢波延迟时间才开始急剧下降, 表明地壳应力随着地震的发生而迅速释放. 相似文献
6.
Variational characteristics of shear-wave splitting on the 2001 Shidian earthquakes in Yunnan, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Introduction In the crust there exist widely vertical nearly-parallel fluid-saturated microcracks, which are nearly parallel. Shear-wave splitting can be observed when shear-wave travels through this kind of microcrack structure. Shear-wave splitting could be adopted to monitor the earthquake activity since its pattern is very sensitive to variation of crustal stress (GAO, et al, 1995, 1996), however, it needs lots of reliable 3-component waveform data. Previous studies mainly used some temp… 相似文献
7.
通过分析四川锦屏水电站地区2012年1月至2013年12月库区的地震活动性和木里台的剪切波分裂参数变化,研究了水电站3次大规模蓄水对该地区地震活动性和地壳应力的影响. 结果显示:经3次蓄水,该地区的地震活动呈持续增强趋势,最终保持在较高水平,尤其是第二次蓄水之后,地震活动增强最为明显;木里台的快剪切波偏振方向在锦屏水电站3次蓄水前后表现出明显的变化. 锦屏水电站在蓄水之前,木里台快剪切波偏振方向的优势取向为北东向,与锦屏山—小金河断裂走向一致;第一次蓄水之后,快剪切波偏振方向则变得较为分散,无明显的优势取向;第二次蓄水之后,快剪切波偏振方向偏转为南东向;第三次蓄水之后,快剪切波偏振方向表现为一致的南东向;慢剪切波延迟时间在第二次蓄水前后明显变短. 这些显著的变化说明了锦屏水电站第二次蓄水之后原地小范围内的地壳应力方向迅速改变,地壳应力也随着地震活动的增强而释放. 相似文献
8.
本文利用台湾中央气象局布设的嘉义台CHY、民雄台CHN2和义竹台CHN8记录的地震波形资料,使用波形互相关的SAM分析方法(剪切波分裂系统分析方法),对发生在1999年9月20日台湾集集大地震（MW7.6）余震区的嘉义ML6.4和ML60级地震的震前序列,开展了长达22个月的大震前近场源剪切波分裂参数随时间变化的应力预测研究.研究结果表明,在正常情况下,快剪切波的偏振方向大致近东西向,与嘉义地区最大主压应力场的方向一致,表明该区的各向异性受区域构造应力场控制;根据剪切波分裂参数——快剪切波偏振方向和慢剪切波时间延迟随时间的变化,我们认为,临震期慢剪切波时间延迟的快速下降和快剪切波偏振方向90°跳跃事件的频繁发生,可以作为临震期大震应力预测的前兆指标.近场源剪切波分裂参数随时间的变化在揭示震源区应力变化方面将发挥重大作用. 相似文献
9.
远震PS波的一个重要优势是其携带台站下方介质的各向异性信息.本文基于首都圈数字地震台网2002-2003年记录的高精度远震波形资料,从基底PS转换波入手,采用三分量PS波分裂偏振分析方法,获取各个台站下方来自基底的PS波分裂参数,包括快波偏振方向和快、慢波的时间延迟等,分析台站下方浅部地壳介质的各向异性特征.几个台站的研究结果显示,该方法保持了原始波场的信息,可以用来分析PS波分裂特征;短周期台站记录的远震来自基底的PS波具有干扰少、信噪比高的特点,存在分裂现象,各台站快慢波时差超出我们的预期值,平均在0.1~0.2 s左右.此研究可与横波分裂相对比,对于认识地壳各向异性及其内部的应力状态,分析其构造及地震活动现象有较大的意义. 相似文献
10.
云南地区2001年4月10日至6月8日相继发生了4月10日MＳ5.2、4月12日MＳ5.9和6月8日MＳ5.3的施甸地震. 本文利用云南遥测数字地震台网的保山地震台记录的地震波形资料，使用SAM分析方法（即剪切波分裂系统分析方法），采用地震应力预测的分析手段，对这个强震系列进行剪切波分裂参数变化特征的研究. 初步结果表明，随着地震活动的增强，剪切波分裂时间延迟值t基本呈现增加的特征，但在强震即将发生之前的短时间内，发生t减小的现象，符合我们早先研究发现的震前应力释放现象. 研究认为，在地震活动强烈的构造地区和有强震发生危险的经济发达地区或重要城市，开展强烈地震的应力预测应用实践，可以减轻地震的危害程度. 相似文献
11.
中国地震科学台阵第一期(2011—2013年)布设在南北地震带南段,本研究利用中国地震科学台阵布设在云南及相邻地区的部分流动台站记录到的2011年6月至2013年3月的数字地震波形资料,开展地壳各向异性分析.本文使用剪切波分裂系统分析方法(SAM方法),获得了研究区内67个台站的剪切波分裂参数.研究结果表明,受到云南及周边地区复杂的构造、应力环境和纵横交错的断裂分布的影响,该地区快剪切波偏振方向(PAZ)整体上显示出NNE向和NE向的优势取向,但在空间分布上比较复杂,虽然大部分台站的PAZ与构造应力场方向一致,但部分断裂附近台站的PAZ受到断裂的影响.结果显示,本研究区内不同区域的PAZ有一定差异性.本研究划分了5个子区,西部3个不同区域的PAZ从北到南分别为NNW向、近N-S向和NE向,有顺时针旋转的趋势,而东部的2个区域PAZ分别为NEE向和NNW向.研究证实,青藏东南缘地区的地壳各向异性空间分布虽然非常复杂,但大体上与区域内的主压应力的方向和断裂分布相关. 相似文献
12.
In 25 years, the presence of azimuthally varying seismic anisotropy throughout the Earth’s crust has progressed from general
denial to universal acceptance, so that many international geophysical meetings now have sessions on seismic anisotropy. Over
this period, the proceedings of the biennial series of International Workshops in Seismic Anisotropy (IWSAs) have captured
many of the notable advances in the theory, calculation, observation and interpretation of particularly shear-wave splitting
(seismic birefringence) in the Earth’s crust. Shear-wave splitting is the almost-infallible indicator of seismic anisotropy
along the ray path. This paper reviews 13 IWSA meetings (0IWSA–12IWSA) as a catalogue of 25 years of progress in seismic anisotropy.
The evidence now suggests that shear-wave splitting monitors the low-level pre-fracturing deformation of the stress-aligned
fluid-saturated microcracks pervading almost all in situ rocks in the crust. Shear-wave splitting indicates that microcracks
are so closely spaced they are critical systems with all the universality, calculability, predictability, “butterfly wing’s”
sensitivity, and deterministic chaos that that implies. This leads to a New Geophysics, where low-level deformation can be
monitored with shear-wave splitting, future behaviour calculated–predicted with the anisotropic poro-elastic model of rock
evolution, and in some circumstances even potentially controlled by feedback. We anticipate the New Geophysics will greatly
invigorate IWSA. 相似文献
13.
本文利用2010年5月7日到10月18日玉树地震震源区及其周边22个地震台站记录的2010年4月14日玉树地震余震数据资料,使用剪切波分裂分析方法初步得到了每一个台站的剪切波快波偏振方向和慢波时间延迟,并分析了玉树及周边地区地壳介质各向异性特征.在该研究区域,甘孜-玉树断裂上部分台站快波偏振方向近于东西向,这一结果与该区域的水平主压应力方向一致.甘孜-玉树断裂带南段玉树周边的台站快剪切波偏振方向为南东向,与断裂带的走向一致,显示了此次地震断裂走滑性质的特征.位于杂多断裂和清水河断裂上的台站及其附近的台站,快波偏振方向与所处的断裂走向基本一致,多为南东东向.各个台站的慢波延迟时间结果分布在4.23~7.01 ms/km范围内,平均慢波延迟时间是5.68 ms/km.在甘孜-玉树断裂带和乌兰乌拉湖-玉树南断裂相交的位置慢波延时总体较高;而低值区位于打贝通-小苏莽断裂的北西端与杂多断裂之间的位置.沿玉树断裂带,慢波延迟时间的梯度值较大,本文这一结果揭示了慢波延迟时间的分布和破裂带的走向、余震的分布有很大关系. 相似文献
14.
地壳剪切波分裂研究及地震定位误差对剪切波分裂分析的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地壳介质的各向异性主要是由大量充满液体的微裂隙的定向排列引起的, 剪切波穿过这种含有微裂隙的介质时会产生分裂。 剪切波分裂参数与地壳介质的物理性质有关, 与区域应力场有关。 在地壳剪切波分裂研究中, 地震的定位误差对剪切波分裂参数有影响。 本文简单介绍了几种影响定位精度的因素; 并对定位误差特别是深度方向的误差所引起的时间延迟变化进行了讨论, 比较了不同大小的深度误差对归一化后的时间延迟的影响, 定量分析结果显示, 深度定位误差对慢剪切波时间延迟影响很大。 剪切波分裂分析方法有多种, 本文还对不同的剪切波分裂分析方法做了简介。 相似文献
15.
Du Xingxin 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1990,134(2):175-194
Three-component seismograms at the three USC stations, PVP, GFP and DHB, have been examined. Most earthquakes, with magnitudes ranging from 1.4 to 5.0, within a period from 1985 to 1988, show evidence of shear-wave splitting. The preferred polarization of the first split-shear wave arrivals at PVP is nearly in N-S which is consistent with both regional maximum horizontal compressive stress direction and local subsurface fault strike, showing that shear-wave splitting is caused by liquid-filled cracks or fractures associated with the N-S faulting. The polarizations of first shear wave arrivals at GFP are roughly divided into two almost perpendicular directions, ENE-WSW and NNW-SSE, which are parallel or perpendicular to the strike of the geology or topography near the station. Because GFP is near the foothills of Santa Monica Mountains, the shear-wave arrivals may be disturbed by topographic irregularities and by subsurface dipping interfaces. Two examples at DHB clearly display shear-wave splitting. Their polarizations of shear wave are in the direction of N-S, which agree with the fragmentary surface and fracturing direction there. From some relatively reliable delay times, the crack densities at three stations are given, that is, 0.025 at PVP, 0.020 at GFP and 0.045 at DGB. No systematic change of shear-wave polarization is discovered in this study. 相似文献
16.
Upper mantle anisotropy and crust-mantle deformation pattern beneath the Chinese mainland 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
WANG ChunYong CHANG LiJun DING ZhiFeng LIU QiongLin LIAO WuLin Lucy M FLESCH 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(1):132-143
Over the past 10 years,the number of broadband seismic stations in China has increased significantly.The broadband seismic records contain information about shear-wave splitting which plays an important role in revealing the upper mantle anisotropy in the Chinese mainland.Based on teleseismic SKS and SKKS phases recorded in the seismic stations,we used the analytical method of minimum transverse energy to determine the fast wave polarization direction and delay time of shear-wave splitting.We also collected results of shear-wave splitting in China and the surrounding regions from previously published papers.From the combined dataset we formed a shear-wave splitting dataset containing 1020 parameter pairs.These splitting parameters reveal the complexity of the upper mantle anisotropy image.Our statistical analysis indicates stronger upper mantle anisotropy in the Chinese mainland,with an average shear-wave time delay of 0.95 s;the anisotropy in the western region is slightly larger(1.01 s)than in the eastern region(0.92 s).On a larger scale,the SKS splitting and surface deformation data in the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan region jointly support the lithospheric deformation mode,i.e.the crust-lithospheric mantle coherent deformation.In eastern China,the average fast-wave direction is approximately parallel to the direction of the absolute plate motion;thus,the upper mantle anisotropy can be attributed to the asthenospheric flow.The area from the Ordos block to the Sichuan Basin in central China is the transition zone of deformation modes between the east and the west regions,where the anisotropy images are more complicated,exhibiting"fossil"anisotropy and/or two-layer anisotropy.The collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate is the main factor of upper mantle anisotropy in the western region of the Chinese mainland,while the upper mantle anisotropy in the eastern region is related to the subduction of the Pacific Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate. 相似文献
17.
Sun Yong Zheng SihuaSeismological Bureau of Liaoning Province Shenyang China Center for Analysis Prediction SSB Beijing China 《中国地震研究》1995,(2)
Shear-wave splitting in Tangshan region is studied by using digital seismic data.Analyzing 3-component digital seismic data in Tangshan strong ground motion array,it is found that almost all earthquakes occurred during 1982 to 1984 have significant shear-wave splitting.The polarization directions of faster shear waves in 7 stations are near EW,which are consistent with the axis of maximum principal compressive stress obtained from earthquake fault mechanisms and geodetic surveys.The crack densities of the 7 stations are roughly estimated,0.019 for TS01,TS02 and TS15,0.015 for TS03,TS07 and TS18 and 0.024 for TS19,by using the average time delay of slow shear-wave at the 7 stations. 相似文献
18.
The collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, to the east of the eastern Himalayan syntaxes, forms the Sanjiang lateral collision zone in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where there are intense crustal deformation, active faults, earthquakes, as well as a metallogenic belt. Given the lack of adequate seismic data, shear-wave splitting in this area has not been studied. With seismic data from a temporary seismic linear array, as well as permanent seismic stations, this paper adopts the identification on microseismic event to pick more events and obtains shear-wave splitting parameters from local earthquakes. From the west to the east, the study area can be divided into three subzones. The “fast” polarization (i.e. the polarization of the fast shear wave) varies gradually from NNW to NS to NNE in these three subzones. The time delay of the slow shear wave (i.e. the time difference between the two split shear waves) also increases in the same direction, indicating the presence of seismic anisotropy above 25 km in the crust. Both shear-wave splitting parameters are closely related to stress, faults and tectonics. The scatter and the “dual” (i.e. two) dominant orientations of the fast polarizations at several stations indicate strong distortions caused by nearby faults or deep tectonics. The anisotropic parameters are found to be related to some degree to the metallogenic belt. It is worth to further analyse the link between the anisotropic pattern and the metallogenic area, which suggests that shear-wave splitting could be applied to study metallogeny. This paper demonstrates that the identification on microseismic event is a useful tool in detecting shear-wave splitting details and exploring its tectonic implications. 相似文献
19.
2006年03月31日20时23分,松原市乾安县与前郭县交界处的查干花乡附近（44°36′N,124°03′E）发生5．0级地震,是吉林省近40年来最大一次地震。利用流动台记录到的地震波形资料对乾安地震余震序列进行s波分裂研究。结果表明,S波快波偏振方向的优势取向为NNE,与乾安地震主震的最大主压应力方向偏差较大,与该区区域应力场方向不一致,表明这次地震与区域的构造变化和应力场调整有关。s波分裂时间延时大小受多种因素影响,与S波传播时经过的介质性质关系密切,慢波延迟时间在0．02～0．38S之间变化。 相似文献
20.
2013年10月1日山东乳山发生ML3.8地震后, 该地区的地震活动呈现出小震群特征, 且持续至今, 其中2014—2015年先后发生了4次ML4.1—5.0显著性地震, 造成了较大的社会影响． 本文利用山东数字地震台网中乳山台记录的地震波形资料, 测定了来自乳山震群中224次小地震的剪切波分裂参数． 研究结果表明: 快剪切波的偏振优势方向与山东半岛地区的主压应力方向基本一致; 剪切波分裂时间延迟在这4次显著性地震发生前后均产生明显的变化, 分裂时间延迟平均在震前1个月左右开始出现升高异常, 在震前约12天出现下降异常变化． 这些特征均可作为利用应力进行地震预测的前兆指标． 相似文献