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该文对已建立的齐次湍流动能输运方程封闭模型 (HKE)封闭的浅海动力学模型进行了检验。湍流混合强度的垂直分布会影流速剖面 ,在风海流、狭长渠道稳态风潮及渠道振荡流流场等的模拟中 ,HKE封闭均取得满意效果 ,结果表明 HKE封闭在正压浅海动力学中是有效的 ,可避免混合长理论的缺陷 ,并未过多增加计算量。振荡流的湍流粘性系数的时间分布特性是时变的 ,其变化频率为振荡频率的两倍 ,且在流速变化最大时湍流混合最强。对应于浅海潮波系统 ,平潮和停潮时局地混合最弱 ,因而最适宜水质采样 ,反之 ,涨急和落急时刻湍流混合最强。但当取湍动能的Schmidt数 σk>10时 ,湍粘性系数的振幅仅为其平均值的 15 % ,因此可以认为在 15 %误差内振荡流的粘性系数可用一个时间平均值来代表 相似文献
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湍流局地平衡假设的新推论--齐次湍流动能输运方程封闭模型与应用(Ⅱ) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在湍流局地平衡假设下 ,建立了齐次湍能输运方程封闭模型 (HKE) ,并在平板边界层的两种经典流动中加以检验 ,给出 HKE封闭下的流速、湍流动能和湍流混合系数剖面的形式解。结果表明 ,HKE可以避免在流速剪切为零时的无湍流混合问题 ,其解与 L aufer湍流实验吻合 ,因而HKE模型比混合长理论有更合理的内涵。文中还给出 HKE封闭的浅海动力学模型 ,以湍应力和水位梯度力的平衡为运动的基本受力平衡 ,进行了模型的量阶分析和运动分析 :当阻尼频率和运动频率同量阶时 ,惯性运动不可忽略 ;在潮振荡占优的浅海中 ,对流非线性相对于惯性运动为小量 ;当阻尼频率足够大时 ,科氏力项相对于湍应力也可能为小量。 相似文献
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利用渤海湾北岸祥云岛岸基站2017—2018年观测数据和两座梯度测风塔2011—2013年观测资料分别分析了当地海陆风和湍流强度特征,并重点对不同天气系统所致大风条件下的湍流强度特点做了剖析。结果表明:渤海湾北岸海陆风特征明显,昼夜风向主要由SSW向ENE转变,夏季昼夜风向转换尤为显著。整体而言,风速和湍流强度随高度增大分别呈增大、减小趋势,且近海面层湍流强度小于近地层湍流强度。湍流强度具有显著的季节性特征,夏季大、冬季小、春秋季变化不明显,且近海面层湍流强度相对近地层变化平缓。近海面层70 m及以下湍流强度在偏东大风条件下反而比近地层湍流强度大,雷雨大风期间近海面层和近地层均出现湍流强度随高度增大而增大、风速随高度增大而减小的特殊情况,台风靠近风塔时各层风速显著增大、湍流强度变化不明显,但台风中心到达时湍流强度迅速增至峰值,二者时间一致并早于风速最小值出现时间约1 h。近海面层和近地层有8%～10%样本的湍流强度超出了IEC-61400设计标准,建议渤海湾北岸风力发电风机抗湍流参数调整至0. 43～0. 49。 相似文献
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北黄海海域大气湍流强度特征及风速标准差相似性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据国家海洋局"908"专项北黄海海区海洋气象观测资料,计算了2007～2008年间该海区4个不同季节的大气湍流强度并与其他海区及陆地下垫面大气湍流值相比较.北黄海海区大气湍流强度量级为10-2,比陆地下垫面大气湍流强度低一个量级.由于海洋的特殊性质,对秋季大气湍流强度日变化的分析发现,在大气湍流强度的影响因素中,海洋的热力作用相对较大.对水平方向风速标准差是否满足Monin-Obukhov相似关系进行了探讨,数据显示,在不稳定层结下冬季水平方向无量纲风速标准差与Z/L的关系,基本满足1/3次方律.秋冬在不稳定层结下垂直方向风速标准差满足Monin-Obukhov相似理论. 相似文献
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低层大气季节变化及与黄海雾季的关系 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
根据2005～2006年青岛气象台逐日L波段探空雷达资料和地面观测资料,计算、分析了低层大气湍流混合高度、湍流混合强度和温度层结的季节变化,并分析了其与黄海海雾季节变化的关系.结果表明:温度层结、湍流强度和高度均有明显的季节变化,这些变化与海雾的季节变化密切关联.春、夏季节湍流强度较强,湍流混合高度相对较低,有利于近海面的凝结水汽在低空聚集而形成雾.雾季典型的层结结构是"上稳下湍",即:近地(海)面至150 m左右为条件性不稳定,其上方为大约400 m厚的稳定层.盛雾期稳定层的稳定性减弱,湍流强度加强.另外,黄海雾季由7月最盛到8月突然结束,与东海雾季逐渐结束明显不同.8月黄海终雾期迅速的原因与风向的突然转变有关.偏东风为整个黄海带来较冷的空气,使条件性不稳定发展,雾季终止.风向的突然转变与区域性海陆热性质差异和大尺度背景环流的调整有关. 相似文献
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各向同性均匀湍流近壁结构及泥沙起动 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
采用振动格栅产生的各向同性均匀湍流研究了泥沙的起动。应用PTV技术和局部光学放大技术对湍流场进行了测量，发现近壁面湍流动能的指数分布规律。分析了泥沙在均匀同性湍流中的起动机制，并用概率统计理论对泥沙的起动进行了定量的描述。通过测定泥沙起动事件的概率，得到了同种泥沙在不同流动参数下起动的临界湍流动能。 相似文献
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基于ADV声学泥沙反演与扩散机制分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用座底三脚架观测系统于2012年洪季对珠江黄茅海河口湾底边界层沉积动力过程进行了系统观测,建立了基于现场ADV探测的高频泥沙声学反演方法,分析了泥沙浓度、泥沙扩散通量及泥沙扩散系数随潮汐变化的特征,探讨了泥沙再悬浮的湍流猝发机制。泥沙浓度、泥沙扩散通量、涡动扩散系数及泥沙扩散系数具有明显的潮汐变化特征,主要表现为急流时较大、憩流时较小。泥沙沉降速度与泥沙浓度之间的幂函数关系可以很好地描述潮周期内沉降速度的变化。湍流猝发过程中,喷射和扫射事件是泥沙垂向扩散的主要动量来源,大振幅的猝发事件对泥沙垂向扩散具有决定性影响。 相似文献
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近年来微气泡减阻技术应用于水面舰船的相关研究取得重要进展,许多舰船已经采用了此类技术。然而该技术在潜航器上的应用整体上仍处于理论分析和试验测试阶段。以回转体潜航器简化模型为研究对象,利用多孔介质来简化喷气小孔,并结合不可压缩水体和可压缩理想气体的流体体积（VOF）方法,建立了Realizable ε-k湍流计算模式。通过拖曳试验验证了多孔介质等效喷气小孔的合理性和数值模式的准确性,结合试验和数值结果探究了微气泡减阻技术对潜航器航行阻力的影响。数值结果显示,气泡对潜航器尾流低速区的改变使尾部压力分布产生变化从而导致压差阻力增高。同时气泡可以显著降低其覆盖区域的黏性阻力。并且随着来流速度的提高,气泡覆盖范围扩大,黏性减阻率持续增加。进一步地,建立了加长改进模型,数值模拟结果表明,微气泡减阻技术不仅能大幅减小黏性阻力,还能有效减小模型总阻力。 相似文献
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海气湍流热通量(潜热和感热)是研究海气相互作用和大洋环流的关键要素, 认识其变化机理对理解“海洋动力过程及气候效应”有重要意义。然而, 受观测手段和计算能力两方面的限制, 过去对海气湍流热通量日变化研究存在“特征认识较粗、机制理解较疏”的现象。本文探讨了在不同边界层稳定性下海气湍流热通量日变化研究中的问题与难点, 并讨论了“不同边界层稳定性下海气湍流热通量日变化过程和机理”这一关键科学问题。本文提出, 可基于海洋浮标、平台和波浪滑翔机等综合观测数据和高时空分辨率再分析资料, 利用块体算法和脉动分离方法, 揭示全球海气湍流热通量的精细化日变化特征和决定因素, 以及海气湍流热通量日变化强度(日内小时级变化的标准差)与极端天气过程和气候事件的动力关联。同时, 为更精准认识日变化过程, 在技术上可通过耦合高频海表流速和校正边界层物理参数观测高度等方式提升海气湍流热通量估算的精确度。本文提出可将多时空尺度海气湍流热通量变化维度转换到边界层稳定性上, 以便集中认识其日变化特征和机理, 支撑全球海气能量平衡的科学认识。 相似文献
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This study is based on the effective experiment observation and measuring technology to discuss the interaction influence between liquid turbulent boundary layer and a crowded group micro-bubbles. It is in order to understand and quantify the micro-bubbles clouds inside the turbulent boundary layer to eliminate the capacity of skin friction drag. Whenever the micro-bubbles are over supplied, pile up effect happened which makes micro-bubbles to integrate to each other as a large-size air film. Although they still have the drag reduction effect, the efficiency of drag reduction slowed down at this transition period. In the experiment of vertical type circulating water tunnel, when 1 μm porous medium is at 7 m/s flow speed, the Cv value at 0.056 has the best drag reduction efficiency of 26%. While 10 μm porous medium is at the same flow speed, the drag reduction efficiency is only around 23%. 相似文献
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This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the variation in the tension and the distribution of drag force coefficients along flexible risers under vortex-induced vibration (VIV) in a uniform flow for Reynolds numbers (Re) up to 2.2×105. The results show that the mean tension is proportional to the square of the incoming current speed, and the tension coefficient of a flexible riser undergoing VIV can be up to 12. The mean drag force is uniformly and symmetrically distributed along the axes of the risers undergoing VIV. The corresponding drag coefficient can vary between 1.6 and 2.4 but is not a constant value of 1.2, as it is for a fixed cylinder in the absence of VIV. These experimental results are used to develop a new empirical prediction model to estimate the drag force coefficient for flexible risers undergoing VIV for Reynolds number on the order of 105, which accounts for the effects of the incoming current speed, the VIV dominant modal number and the frequency. 相似文献
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Large eddy simulations of the flow around a circular cylinder at high Reynolds numbers are reported. Five Reynolds numbers were chosen, such that the drag crisis was captured. A total of 18 cases were computed to investigate the effect of gridding strategy, turbulence modelling, numerical schemes and domain width on the results. It was found that unstructured grids provide better resolution of key flow features, when a ‘reasonable’ grid size is to be maintained.When using coarse grids for large eddy simulation, the effect of turbulence models and numerical schemes becomes more pronounced. The dynamic mixed Smagorinsky model was found to be superior to the Smagorinsky model, since the model coefficient is allowed to dynamically adjust based on the local flow and grid size. A blended upwind-central convection scheme was also found to provide the best accuracy, since a fully central scheme exhibits artificial wiggles, due to dispersion errors, which pollute the solution.Mean drag, fluctuating lift Strouhal number and base pressure are compared to experiments and empirical estimates for Reynolds numbers ranging from 6.31 × 104 to 5.06 × 105. In terms of the drag coefficient, the drag crisis is well captured by the present simulations, although the other integral quantities (rms lift and Strouhal number) show larger discrepancies. For the lowest Reynolds number, the drag is seen to be more sensitive to the domain width than the spanwise grid spacing, while at the higher Reynolds numbers the grid resolution plays a more important role, due to the larger extent of the turbulent boundary layer. 相似文献
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Studies of mixing were done at the northern flank of Georges Bank in the summer and autumn of 1988. Two time-series of the evolution and intensity of microstructure were examined over a tidal period in the context of tidal forcing and the evolution of the density and velocity field at the site. From the CTD, ADCP and microstructure observations (EPSONDE) on Georges Bank, several interesting features of the mixing processes were found. High dissipation and diffusivity regions appear near the bottom of the Bank. Turbulence near the bottom is highest in intensity and reaches farthest from the bottom at peak tidal flow and diminishes in intensity and vertical extent as the flow decreases. The thickness of the bottom turbulent layer has its maximum value when the flow is strongest and the stratification is weakest. Characterization of the dissipation rate and turbulent diffusivities in respect to buoyancy frequency N, current shear S, Richardson Number Ri and ε/νN2 was done. Dissipation and χT showed little dependence on shear or N2 but decreased at larger Ri. χt was found to be higher in regions of higher N2 and increased as ε/νN2 increased. KT, K and Kν, were all highest near the bottom in excess of 10−2m2s−1 and decreased towards the surface. There was little suggestion of a dependence of mixing efficiency on S2, Ri or ε/νN2, but some indication that Γ decreases with decreasing N2. 相似文献
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为研究四柱体布置情况下倒角半径变化对柱体绕流水动力特性的影响,使用Fluent软件,采用大涡模拟方法研究了在雷诺数Re=3 900下6种不同倒角半径的柱体在方形四柱体布置时的三维流场。在模型分析验证有效后,分析了柱体后方瞬时流场、水动力参数、时均流场的变化情况。分析结果表明:随着倒角半径的增大,上游柱体的平均阻力系数逐渐减小,下游柱体的平均阻力系数除了在R~+=0.1处增幅很大以外,其余均随倒角半径变大而平稳变大;各柱体的升力系数均方根变化趋势基本相同;R~+=0.1、0.5时,上下游两柱体的升力系数曲线相位相反,而在R~+=0.2、0.3和0.4时,上下游两柱体的升力系数曲线相位相同。 相似文献
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Velocity and suspension measurements in the logarithmic layer of hydraulically smooth turbulent tidal flow from the North Sea are reported. The data were not compatible with the assumption of Newtonian flow for the experimental seawater—clay suspension.Laboratory measurements were initiated with mud and seawater from the North Sea in which the boundary-layer structure of this two-phase flow was measured down into the viscous sublayer. The dilute seawater—clay suspension was a mixture of illite, kaolinite and chlorite minerals with concentrations less than 380 mg/l and exhibited turbulent drag reduction.By reviewing flow measurements of other authors it is suggested that turbulent drag reduction occurs on a geophysical scale if the flows transport cohesive sediments. It is proposed that drag reduction is caused by dynamic interaction between turbulent shear strain in the flow and deformation of aggregates.As a consequence, the values of the critical friction velocity and of erosion rates must be reviewed for cohesive bottom materials. Normally they were obtained under the assumption of a Newtonian flow structure which is not applicable if the flow transports cohesive sediments.To detect the occurrence of drag reduction in geophysical boundary layers (hydraulically smooth), flow measurements must be performed down into the viscous sublayer. The adequate velocity sensors must have a diameter of ?1 mm. 相似文献
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两层粘性流体中圆柱体受迫振荡数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
研究两层粘性流体中无限长水平圆柱体的受迫振荡问题。在湍流模式下,采用VOF方法追踪两层流体的内界面,基于动网格技术模拟圆柱体的运动边界,对均匀流中横向振荡圆柱体的绕流场进行了数值模拟。计算受迫振荡圆柱体的升力系数、阻力系数随时间的演化曲线和圆柱体的尾涡分布,以及圆柱体的受迫振荡激发两层流体内界面的扰动,并与均匀流体的情况进行了比较分析。研究表明,流体的两层分层效应对受迫振荡圆柱体的升阻力系数和尾涡分布特性都有显著影响,在水下输油气管道涡激振动特性的工程评估中,应考虑流体的密度分层效应。 相似文献
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The unsteady flow past a circular cylinder which starts translating and transversely oscillating from rest in a viscous fluid is investigated at a Reynolds numbers of R=103 and at a Strouhal number of π/4 and for the maximum oscillatory to translational velocity ratios between 0.1 and 1.0. This study is based on numerical solutions of the two-dimensional unsteady Navier–Stokes equations. The object of the study is to examine the effect of increase of velocity ratio on the near-wake structure as well as the hydrodynamic forces acting on the cylinder. For all velocity rates a periodic structure of vortex evaluation and shedding develops which is repeated exactly as time advances. Vortex dynamics close behind the body are affected by changing acceleration of the cylinder and a changeover from one mode to a different mode of vortex formation is observed with increase in velocity ratio. A comparison of the present results with the impulsively started translating case has been included to illustrate the effect of velocity ratio on drag at small values of velocity ratio. 相似文献