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一次高空急流增强过程中的中尺度扰动和动量输送特征 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
本文利用中尺度数值模式的高分辨率模拟结果,研究了夏季东亚副热带西风急流一次短时间尺度强度变化过程中的中尺度西风扰动特征和相应的动量输送特征。结果表明,此次急流强度短时间尺度变化以急流轴线为界,北侧增强,南侧减弱。急流整体增强和急流内部中尺度西风扰动的积累效应有关。急流入口区(出口区)南侧主要为西风动量水平通量辐散区(辐合区),北侧为辐合区(辐散区),西风动量水平辐合辐散区的水平尺度只有百公里左右,也属于中尺度范围,并且辐合辐散区一般位于地形坡度较大区域上空。西风动量的垂直输送与西风动量水平通量散度分布几乎一致,但数值小一个量级以上。 相似文献
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利用中国科学院大气物理研究所LASG研制的AREM中尺度暴雨数值预报模式, 对2003年6月29—30日发生在淮河流域的一次大暴雨过程进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明:随着西太平洋副热带高压加强, 低空急流迅速向北推进, 加强了其北侧的风速梯度和气旋性切变, 使涡度场发生了强烈变化, 强正涡度柱的发展导致了低层β-中尺度低压和气旋的新生; 而对流层中高层β-中尺度高压的发展所引起的地转偏差使得β-中尺度高压附近的风场发生明显变化, 并导致β-中尺度强辐散中心强烈发展, 最终造成强烈的上升运动。强上升运动出现在低层θse强锋区的南侧。 相似文献
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"0604"台风暴雨的数值模拟与诊断研究 总被引:10,自引:7,他引:3
采用非静力MM5( 3.5)中尺度数值模式对2006年7月14-15日湘南-粤北0604(BILIS)台风暴雨天气过程进行了数值模拟与诊断分析,结果发现暴雨区始终位于不稳定能量高值区域,并存在对流不稳定及条件性对称不稳定两种机制.强降雨中心附近非地转湿Q*散度是正、负相间分布,暴雨中心在低层对应非地转湿Q*散度负值中心,在高层对应正值中心,并位于次级环流低层上升支一侧.次级环主要是由风的水平切变和垂直切变差异效应造成的,其次是非绝热加热作用,且与暴雨的发展相一致. 相似文献
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应用非地转湿Q矢量理论对2007年7月5日的大暴雨过程进行诊断分析,结果表明;500hPa快速东移的小槽,低层700hPa关中横切变、西南急流,地面弱冷锋是此次强降水的主要影响系统;非地转湿Q矢量流场的辐合线南侧与强降水区吻合;近地面850hPa锋生函数场正值区的变化较好地反映了锋面的强度,锋生函数正值区范围与降水区域对应较好;850hPa非地转湿Q矢量散度场辐合区与强降水的产生及强度正相关。 相似文献
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本文利用中尺度非静力模式WRF输出的高时空分辨率模拟资料研究了东亚副热带高空急流(EASJ)短时间尺度强度变化特征,并结合大气运动方程解释了EASJ增强的可能机制。结果表明,在6 h时间间隔内,急流区纬向风增量的水平尺度大于2 000 km。急流轴北侧高频扰动较少,南侧出现大量高频扰动,相应地,急流轴北侧纬向风大尺度整体增强,而急流轴南侧纬向风增量正值区中还存在水平尺度为几百公里的负值区。高频扰动的周期约为1~6 h,向东传播速度为20~40 m·s-1,与惯性重力波相似。造成EASJ短时间尺度增强的主要物理因子为水平平流作用和非地转效应。水平平流项和非地转项量级相同,但变化趋势几乎相反。两者之和的量值与纬向风局地加速度项相近。此外,垂直平流作用对EASJ强度变化也有一定贡献。 相似文献
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在前期提出大气多尺度分析理论基础上,利用动力学方法研究了大气环境风场与中尺度对流天气系统之间的关系,从微团的分离和运动的角度分析了高空急流、低空急流、水平涡度和垂直涡度在中尺度天气系统的形成和发展中的作用。结果发现,环境风场对微团的动力分离作用主要发生在高、低空急流附近,因为在高、低空急流的下方风动能随高度增加明显,在急流的左侧(背风而立)正涡度与地转涡度迭加使绝对涡度变大,因此,这两个区域是环境场对微团分离力最大的区域,也是对流最容易发展的地区。微团在上升过程中的运动轨迹与其环境密度比率有关,当微团的密度小于(大于)环境密度时,微团运动的旋转方向与水平涡度的方向一致(相反);平衡高度(微团密度与环境密度相等)越高,形成的系统越强,水平、垂直旋转的程度越强,范围越大。因为初始密度和平衡高度的不同,多单体风暴和超级单体中微团的运动形态存在明显区别。根据大气微团的运动方程推出了水平风随高度变化的公式,结果表明,微团水平运动垂直变化的大小与微团环境相对密度比、水平风速、垂直涡度成正比;与垂直运动速度大小成反比;风矢量由低到高的转向与绝对涡度垂直分量的旋转方向相反,即正(负)涡度与亚微团的顺(逆)转相对应。由公式解释了超级单体低空垂直切变明显大于高空的原因。进一步分析认为,风垂直切变对风暴的作用只表现在风速大小随高度的变化和水平涡度的作用上,而风向随高度的变化是大气对流的结果而不是对流的原因,对流越强,风向垂直切变越强。 相似文献
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低层风场在暴雨发生中的动力作用 总被引:14,自引:5,他引:14
通过对两次中尺度暴雨过程的计算,分析研究了风的散度与涡度的变化以及与暴雨的关系。指出散度场比涡度场的变化快、尺度小。辐合增加的地区与暴雨区配合最好。对于中尺度系统、完全的散度方程中风速平流的散度项是一个重要的项,它的正值分布区与暴雨区的位置比其他各项有较好的对应。低层流场中大风速中心或低空急流的出现直接导致了散度方程中A项及带有风速垂直切变项的增大,构成了暴雨发生的不可忽视的动力因素。 相似文献
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通过对 1999年秋季一次突发性降水过程高空急流的分析 ,发现急流入口区南侧辐散 ,其低层辐合上升 ,当低层有印缅槽活动的时候 ,对流加强 ,印缅槽发展 ;急流入口区北侧辐合 ,其低层辐散下沉 ,有向南的非地转风 相似文献
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本文对非地转风在东亚冬季冷空气活动过程中的作用及影响非地转风的主要因子等问题进行了初步研究,并讨论了非地转风在有限区动能收支中的作用。结果表明,非地转风是冷空气过程中地面偏北大风加强的主要原因之一,非地转风次级环流使东亚高空西风急流和Hadley环流得以加强,而高空西风急流具有次地转的特征。变高、惯性平流和摩擦作用是影响非地转风的主要因子。此外,位温局地变化,位温平流和非绝热作用对非地转风的形成亦有相当大的贡献,但该三项非地转风分量的向量和接近于零。非地转风在有限区动能的收支中也起着十分重要的作用。 相似文献
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Downstream development of baroclinic waves in the midlatitude jet induced by extratropical transition: A case study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study uses eddy kinetic energy analysis and a targeting method to investigate how an extratropical transition(ET)event induced downstream development(the modification of the midlatitude flow downstream of the ET system) in the midlatitude jet environment. The downstream development showed distinct characteristics of "coupling development" and being "boundary-trapped". Eddies(potential disturbances) first developed at the upper levels, and these triggered lower-level eddy development, with all eddies decaying away from the tropopause and the surface. Thereafter, a lower-level eddy caught up with the upper-level eddy ahead of it, and they coupled to form a cyclone extending through the whole troposphere. Vertical ageostrophic geopotential flux may be a crucial dynamic factor throughout the eddy's lower-level growth, boundary-trapping,and coupling development.Together with barotropic conversion, the ageostrophic geopotential fluxes that were transported from Hurricane Fabian(2003) to the midlatitudes by the outflow led to downstream ridge development in the upper-level jet. The strong downstream advection of eddy kinetic energy in the exit region of the jet streak triggered downstream trough development. The well-known ridge–trough couplet thus formed. The vertical ageostrophic fluxes that were transported downward from the developed upper-level systems converged near the surface and resulted in lower-level eddy growth. Baroclinic conversion was negligible near the boundaries, while it was the main source of eddy kinetic energy at mid-levels. In the upper-level jet, potential energy was converted to the mean kinetic energy of the jet, which in turn was converted to eddy kinetic energy through barotropic conversion. 相似文献
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急流加速产生的高空锋生和低空锋生 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:5
本文用数值模拟方法证实了曾庆存提出的一种锋生机制,即高空急流加速或高空动量输入通过地转适应过程造成高空锋生.我们采用二维非弹性数值模式模拟了五种急流加速分布产生的锋生过程:三个低空锋生,分别由中尺度地面、中尺度低空和次天气尺度低空急流加速产生;二个高空锋生,分别由高空次天气尺度和天气尺度急流加速产生.模拟的结果表明:(1)通过地转适应产生的位温梯度的大小依赖于急流的空间结构以及Rossby变形半径和急流扰动尺度的比值,比值越大,适应锋生越强.(2)在相同的尺度条件下急流加速产生的高空锋生比低空锋生更强.(3)地转适应过程将加速的高空急流动量向下层传输,使锋区变陡并向对流层中、下层延伸,这种对流层高低层的非地转耦合可能是低空急流形成的另一种机制.(4)在模拟的五个过程中急流振荡的主频率约是惯性频率的1.7倍. 相似文献
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Brikas D. P. Karacostas T. S. Pennas P. J. Flocas A. A. 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2006,94(1-4):219-233
Summary The role of the subtropical jet stream (SJ) in the occurrence of heat waves in South Balkans and Greece is sought here. For
this purpose ECMWF grid-point data is examined, concerning the Balkan heat wave of 5–9 July 1988, that cost human lifes, at
least in Greece.
For the city of Thessaloniki, Greece, a temperature budget is presented, as a function of time. It turns out that the most
important heating mechanism is the adiabatic heating. Horizontal mass convergence at the maximum wind level (200 hPa) causes
descent and adiabatic heating. The convergence occurs in association with the Hadley Cell, as well as with the right exit
quadrant of an anticyclonically curved subtropical jet streak. As air parcels that exit the above jet streak slow down and
turn anticyclonically, a strong ageostrophic wind current is established towards and to the right of the flow direction. This
ageostrophic current converges above the northeastern Balkans. Downward ageostrophic motion emerges from the above area of
horizontal convergence and heads towards the SSW, affecting the Balkans.
From the above case study, it is concluded that intense heat waves are favoured in the South Balkans and Greece when the SJ
is anticyclonically curved to the north of the Balkans and a jet streak is situated to the north west of the Balkans. 相似文献
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Summary The problem of along-stream ageostrophic frontogenesis is studied by employing a numerical model at meso-alpha and meso-beta scales in simulations of the downstream circulations over the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. Three-dimensional real data simulations at these two scales of motion are used to diagnose the transition from semigeostrophic cross-stream frontogenesis accompanying a propagating baroclinic upper-level jet streak to midtropospheric along-stream ageostrophic frontogenesis. This along-stream ageostrophic frontogenesis results from the perturbation of the jet streak by the Rocky Mountain range. The case study represents an example of internal wave dynamics which are forced by the drag of the Rocky Mountains on a strong jet streak in the presence of a low-level inversion.The simulation results indicate that, unlike semi-geostrophic frontogenesis, a front (which is alligned perpendicular to the axis of the jet stream) may form when significant adiabatic heating occurs within a stratified shear flow over horizontal length scales shorter than the Rossby radius of deformation. The mechanism responsible for the frontogenesis is the growth of the divergent along-stream wind velocity component which becomes coupled to the front's along-stream pressure gradient force. This nonlinear interaction produces hydrostatic mesoscale frontogenesis as follows: 1) vertical wind shear in the along-stream plane strengthens resulting in the increasingly nonuniform vertical variation of horizontal temperature advection as the ageostrophic wind component grows in magnitude downstream of the meso-scale terrain-induced adiabatic heating, 2) increasing along-stream differential vertical motions (i.e., along-stream thermally indirect circulation with warm air sinking to the west and cold air rising to the east) tilt the vertical gradient of isentropes into the horizontal as the vertical temperature gradient increases due to the previous process in proximity to horizontal gradients in the along-stream component of the ageostrophic wind, 3) as tilting motions act to increase the along-stream horizontal temperature gradient, the along-stream confluence acts to nonuniformly increase the along-stream frontal temperature gradient which increases the along-stream pressure gradient force resulting in further accelerations, ageostrophy, and frontal steepening as part of a scale contraction process.The evolution of the aforementioned processes results in the three-dimensional hydrostatic frontogenesis accompanying the overturning of isentropic surfaces. These adjustments act to turn air parcels to the right of the southwesterly geostrophic wind vector at successively lower atmospheric levels as the scale contraction continues. This simulated along-stream front is verified from diagnostic analysis of the profiler-derived temperature and wind fields.With 17 Figures 相似文献
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青藏高原东部牧区秋季雪灾天气的形成及预报 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
对青藏高原东部牧区 (196 7─ 1996年 )秋季发生的成灾性降雪天气过程 ,进行了较为详细的分析。探讨了欧亚区域大型天气系统活动对成灾性降雪天气形势的形成所起的作用 ,指出北冰洋低压槽和西太副高分别是秋季降雪天气形成的主导因素和稳定因素。归纳出三种成灾性降雪天气形成的概念模型。指出高原偏西南风低空急流是高原秋季降雪过程的主要天气系统 ,讨论了急流轴附近的非地转风发展对降雪和最低气温所产生的作用。最后提出了雪灾预报思路 相似文献
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登陆热带气旋降水增幅的合成诊断分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用动态合成分析方法,对登陆后降水增幅类和非增幅类热带气旋的大尺度环流特征做了合成分析和动力诊断.结果表明:增幅类热带气旋处于强经向型环流之中,中高纬度为阻塞形势,高层有急流入口区南侧的强辐散,并与西风槽相互叠加;低层有急流和水汽通道的长时间联结;热带气旋东侧还有次级环流相伴.非增幅类热带气旋环流背景相对平直,高空辐散弱,无西风槽叠加;低空急流减弱迅速,且水汽通道较早出现断裂;无次级环流出现.增幅类热带气旋高层存在显著非地转运动,高层南风急流入口区的强次地转运动和降水增幅紧密相关. 相似文献