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1.
To protect the richness, diversity and uniqueness of China's ecosystems and landscapes, more than 150 national parks (named "National scenic and historic interest areas" in China), 85 national geoparks and 230 national nature reserves have been delimited nationwide. In addition, a total of 30 world heritage sites (4 mixed, 4 natural, 22 cultural), 24 biosphere reserves and 8 world geoparks have been ratified for China in a short time by the UNESCO. Unfortunately, most of these national and… 相似文献
2.
中国亚热带地区造林对土壤碳周转的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
Afforestation in China’s subtropics plays an important role in sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere and in storage of soil carbon (C). Compared with natural forests,plantation forests have lower soil organic carbon (SOC) content and great potential to store more C. To better evaluate the effects of afforestation on soil C turnover,we investigated SOC and its stable C isotope (δ13C) composition in three planted forests at Qianyanzhou Ecological Experimental Station in southern China. Litter and soil samples were collected and analyzed for total organic C,δ13C and total nitrogen. Similarly to the vertical distribution of SOC in natural forests,SOC concentrations decrease exponentially with depth. The land cover type (grassland) before plantation had a significant influence on the vertical distribution of SOC. The SOC ?13C composition of the upper soil layer of two plantation forests has been mainly affected by the grass biomass 13C composition. Soil profiles with a change in photosynthetic pathway had a more complex 13C isotope composition distribution. During the 20 years after plantation establishment,the soil organic matter sources influenced both the δ13C distribution with depth,and C replacement. The upper soil layer SOC turnover in masson pine (a mean 34% of replacement in the 10 cm after 20 years) was more than twice as fast as that of slash pine (16% of replacement) under subtropical conditions. The results demonstrate that masson pine and slash pine plantations cannot rapidly sequester SOC into long-term storage pools in subtropical China. 相似文献
3.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(6)
Based on daily surface climate data and weather phenomenon data, the spatial and temporal distribution and trend on the number of consecutive days of severe weathers were analyzed in China during 1959–2014. The results indicate that the number of consecutive days for hot weathers increased at a rate of 0.1 day per decade in China as a whole, while that for cold weathers, snowfall weathers, thunderstorm weathers and foggy weathers showed significant decreasing trends at rates of 1.4, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.4 day per decade, respectively. Spatially, there were more consecutive hot days and rainstorm days in southeastern China, and more consecutive cold days and snowfall days in northeastern China and western China. Consecutive thunderstorm days were more in southern China and southwestern China, and consecutive foggy days were more in some mountain stations. Over the past 56 years, annual number of consecutive cold days decreased mainly in most parts of western China and eastern China. Consecutive thunderstorm days decreased in most parts of China. The trend of consecutive hot days, snowfall days and foggy days was not significant in most parts of China, and that of consecutive rainstorm days was not significant in almost the entire China. 相似文献
4.
ON THE HIGHWAY NATURAL REGIONALIZATION OF CHINA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《地理学报》1978,(1)
ABSTRACT
The Highway Regionalization of China, which has been approved and tentatively adopted by the Ministry of Communication, is the first of its kind in China in the area of applied complex natural regionalization. It aims to bring out the regional differentiation of the natural conditions relevant to highway construction, and to provide engineering parameters and basic information on natural conditions of each region. It is worked out according to the theory of geographical zonation. Both "dominant factor" and "multiple factors" are used in selecting the criteria for iden-tifying regions. 相似文献
5.
《地理学报(英文版)》1978,(1)
ABSTRACT
The Highway Regionalization of China, which has been approved and tentatively adopted by the Ministry of Communication, is the first of its kind in China in the area of applied complex natural regionalization. It aims to bring out the regional differentiation of the natural conditions relevant to highway construction, and to provide engineering parameters and basic information on natural conditions of each region. It is worked out according to the theory of geographical zonation. Both "dominant factor" and "multiple factors" are used in selecting the criteria for iden-tifying regions. 相似文献
6.
Vulnerability of natural ecosystem in China under regional climate scenarios:An analysis based on eco-geographical regions简 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
Assessment of vulnerability for natural ecosystem to climate change is a hot topic in climate change and ecology, and will support adapting and mitigating climate change. In this study, LPJ model modified according to features of China＇s natural ecosystems was em- ployed to simulate ecosystem dynamics under A2, B2 and A1B scenarios. Vulnerability of natural ecosystem to climate change was assessed according to the vulnerability assessment model. Based on eco-geographical regions, vulnerability of natural ecosystem to climate change was analyzed. Results suggest that vulnerability for China＇s natural ecosystems would strengthen in the east and weaken in the west, but the pattern of ecosystem vulner- ability would not be altered by climate change, which rises from southeast to northeast gradually. Increase in ecosystem vulnerable degree would mainly concentrate in temperate humid/sub-humid region and warm temperate humid/sub-humid region. Decrease in eco- system vulnerable degree may emerge in northwestern arid region and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region. In the near-term scale, natural ecosystem in China would be slightly affected by cli- mate change. However, in mid-term and long-term scales, there would be severely adverse effect, particularly in the east with better water and thermal condition. 相似文献
7.
General history of disasters in China suggests that China has frequently experienced two major natural disasters in its long history, one is from catastrophic earthquake events, and the other is from extreme climatic events, due to its unique active tectonic environment and climatic complexity. Although these two major natural disasters have caused great damage to human society, it remains unclear whether and how they affect Chinese dynasty alternation on decadal(emperor) timescales. Based on de... 相似文献
8.
Drought has become a problem that is universally faced by global terrestrial ecosystems. Northeast China is located in a region sensitive to global climate changes, and one of the main impacts of climate changes in Northeast China is manifested as drought in growing seasons. This study analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution law of the water use efficiency(WUE) of the main natural vegetation(i.e., cold-temperate coniferous forests, temperate pine-broad-leaved mixed forests, warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests, and grasslands) in Northeast China based on public MODIS data products, including MCD12 Q1, MOD15 A2 H, MOD16 A2, and MOD17 A3 H, and meteorological data from 2002 to 2013. The influence of drought events on the WUE of different vegetation types and their response to drought events are also investigated. The study findings are as follows:(1) drought in Northeast China frequently occurs in the regions stretching from 114.55°E to 120.90°E, and the percentage of drought area among the forests is lower than that among the grasslands during these years;(2) the annual average WUE of the natural vegetation ranges from 0.82 to 1.08 C/kg~(-1) H_2O, and the WUE of forests(0.82 to 1.08 C/kg~(-1) H_2O) is universally higher than that of grasslands(0.84 to 0.99 C/kg~(-1) H_2O);(3) in 2008, the regions where the WUE in drought conditions is higher than that in normal water conditions account for 86.11% of the study area, and a significant linear positive correlation is found between the WUE in drought conditions and the WUE in normal water conditions, whereas the degree of drought does not influence the WUE of the natural vegetation in an obviously linear manner; and(4) the WUE for the cold-temperate coniferous forests and temperate pine-broad-leaved mixed forests with a high ET or low NPP is more likely to rise in drought conditions; the WUE for the grasslands with a low Evapotranspiration(ET), Net Primary Production(NPP), and Leaf Area Index(LAI) is more likely to rise in drought conditions; and the ET, NPP, and LAI have no significant influence on the WUE for the warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests in drought conditions. This study contributes to improving the evaluation of the influence of drought on natural ecosystems. 相似文献
9.
Understanding the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem function is critical to promoting the sustainability of ecosystems and species conservation in natural ecosystems. We observed species composition, species richness and aboveground biomass,and simulated the competitive assemblages in a natural grassland ecosystem of China, aiming to test some assumptions and predictions about biodiversity–stability relationships. Our results show that aboveground productivity and temporal stability increased significantly with increasing species richness, and via a combination of overyielding, species asynchrony, and portfolio effects. Species interactions resulted in overyielding caused by trait-independent complementarity, and were not offset by a negative dominance effect and trait-dependent complementarity effect. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying the biodiversity effect shifted from the selection effect to the complementarity effect as diversity increased, and both effects were coexisted but the complementarity effect represent a mechanism that facilitates long term species coexistence in a natural grassland ecosystem of China. 相似文献
10.
Studying the change in population distribution and density can provide important basis for regional development and planning. The spatial patterns and driving factors of the change in population density in China were not clear yet. Therefore, using the population census data in 2000 and 2010, this study firstly analyzed the change of population density in China and divided the change in all 2353 counties into 4 types, consisting of rapid increase, slow increase, slow decrease and rapid decrease. Subsequently, based on the partial least square(PLS) regression method, we recognized the significant factors(among 11 natural and social-economic factors) impacting population density change for the whole country and counties with different types of population change. The results showed that:(1) compared to the population density in 2000, in 2010, the population density in most of the counties(over 60%) increased by 21 persons per km2 on average, while the population density in other counties decreased by 13 persons per km2. Of all the 2353 counties, 860 and 589 counties respectively showed rapid and slow increase in population density, while 458 and 446 counties showed slow and rapid decrease in population density, respectively.(2) Among the 11 factors, social-economic factors impacted population density change more significantly than natural factors. The higher economic development level, better medical condition and stronger communication capability were the main pull factors of population increase. The dense population density was the main push factor of population decrease. These conclusions clarified the spatial pattern of population change and its influencing factors in China over the past 10 years and could provide helpful reference for the future population planning. 相似文献
11.
Chinese National Committee for the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (CNC-IHDP) is a newly founded academic organization in China aiming at promoting the research on Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Changes (HDGEC). International cooperation is an important part of CNC-IHDP’s activities. This paper makes a brief review on current international cooperation that has been developed, and introduces some aspects on which to focus in future. 相似文献
12.
自然地理学研究前沿 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
自然地理学的研究前沿是在学科发展和社会需求的共同驱动下形成的.对资源环境问题的全球性关注和我国可持续发展面临的重大问题对自然地理学提出了一系列需求.国际地圈生物圈计划、全球环境变化人文因素计划、世界气候研究计划、生物多样性计划以及地球系统科学联盟中的许多领域包含着自然地理学的研究前沿,我国国家重点基础研究发展计划、国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部优先发展领域、科技支撑计划等也提出了一系列自然地理学的研究前沿.若干自然地理学的新方法和技术已被应用于数据采集、模型模拟、实验室分析、自然地理过程研究、环境变化研究、全球自然地理学研究.本文概括了所有这些前沿领域和论题. 相似文献
13.
中国耕地转型与土地整理:研究进展与框架 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
土地利用转型研究是开展土地利用/覆被变化( LUCC) 综合研究的一条新途径。通过整合 社会和环境变化的时间尺度与历史背景, 开展中国耕地转型与土地整理方面研究, 属于IGBP 和 IHDP 联合发起的全球土地计划(GLP) 的重要研究内容。本文在综述土地变化科学( LCS) 的理论 与模型、土地利用转型、耕地变化与土地整理的研究进展基础上, 提出中国耕地转型与土地整理 的研究框架： 运用GIS 技术, 通过综合分析遥感解译的土地覆被数据及建国以来国土资源系统的 耕地面积变化数据, 探讨中国耕地变化的空间格局, 结合自然要素和社会经济要素分析耕地转型 的影响因子; 借鉴国外相关研究, 通过分析特定时期内中国耕地变化的影响因素及相应的管理政 策, 在了解中国耕地变化过程的基础上提出中国耕地转型的理论假设; 结合中国耕地的时空变化 模拟, 进而确定中国耕地变化的区域类型及其所处的转型阶段, 并以此作为指导我国耕地保护的 重要举措———土地整理的理论基础和科学依据。 相似文献
14.
中国农村宅基地转型的理论与证实 总被引：52，自引：5，他引：47
土地利用转型是土地利用变化的表现形式之一,也是由IGBP和IHDP联合发起的全球土地研究计划 (GLP) 的重要研究内容。目前土地利用/覆被变化 (LUCC) 研究仍然有待进一步理论化,在学科综合与集成基础上提出的假设对土地变化科学显得尤为重要。土地利用转型研究需要寻求一种综合的方法,来对社会和环境变化的时间尺度和历史背景进行整合。通过分析特定时期内中国农村建房的影响因素及相应的管理政策,在了解中国农村建房发展过程的基础上,提出了中国农村宅基地转型趋势的理论假设：随着社会经济的发展,农村宅基地在增加的建设用地总量中所占比例将由高逐渐降低,直到这一比例趋向于一个固定值。最后运用长江沿线样带农村宅基地转型研究结果验证了该理论假设。 相似文献
15.
弹性、脆弱性和适应——IHDP三个核心概念综述 总被引：21，自引：5，他引：16
弹性、脆弱性和适应是全球环境变化人文因素计划( IHDP) 中三个非常重要的核心概念。 由于各自学科研究传统的差异, 不同学科在使用这些概念时其含义有很大差异, 有的甚至是不可 比的。本文主要根据《Global Environmental Change》2006 年第3 期发表的IHDP 学术委员会专题 研讨会成果, 结合UNU 关于脆弱性的研究成果, 重点介绍了这三个核心概念的演变以及相互联 系等方面的最新研究进展。 相似文献
16.
社会代谢分析为全球环境变化人文因素计划的重要课题之一,已成为当前区域生态研究的热点。本文应用H.T.Odum创立的基于生物物理原理的能值方法结合社会代谢概念,对广东省2006年资源利用种类、效率与代谢循环状况进行了分析,通过一系列能值指标,评价广东省社会代谢的可持续性。结果表明：2006年广东省总体呈现较好的发展局面,能值剩余57.31×1022 sej体现了其财富的真正增长,人均能值使用量为1.60×1016 sej,能值福利水平较高;但同时也暴露出影响广东省社会代谢正常运作的原因：输入能值占总能值使用量比为0.73,对进口资源过度依赖;废弃物能值占总能值使用量比为0.26,废弃物产出过多;环境负荷率为14.36,资源的过度使用使环境承受的压力较大等。研究还发现,广东能值可持续性指数呈现逐步下降趋势。广东省目前的代谢过程仍是线性运作模式为主。未来广东省应向循环代谢模式发展,重组并优化其代谢能力,通过建立低消耗高效益产业体系,加大开发替代性资源和新能源,提高废弃物处理能力和完善代谢机制等措施,提高经济社会发展与自然生态环境的和谐程度。 相似文献
17.
Hiroshi Kanda 《Polar Science》2009,3(3):189-196
The Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center (TRIC) advances the basic objectives under the umbrella of the Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS). The TRIC co-ordinates the development of novel fields of research within the Inter-University Research Institute Corporation of Japan. The TRIC program fosters integrated research and develops information platforms that support the quest for new paradigms in the fields of Earth science and life systems. The project, “Environmental and Genetic Approach for Life on Earth with a Study of Relevant Modeling and Prediction Techniques (EAGLE)” began under the TRIC program in 2005. The goal of the EAGLE project is to improve our understanding of ecosystems on Earth and to investigate the mechanisms leading to the evolution of life and the adaptation of species as a result of past environmental changes. The EAGLE project is also positioned as a national project of the “Microbiological and Ecological Responses to Global Environmental Changes in polar regions (MERGE) program”, so called, “MERGE-Japan” which was initiated as part of the International Polar Year (IPY, 2007–2008). A general outline of the current achievements and discussion of the EAGLE project during the IPY period are presented in this progress report. 相似文献
18.
《The Geographical journal》2001,167(3):277-288
Bppks reviewed:
Reginald Appleyard, (ed.) Emigration dynamics in developing countries. Vol. IV: the Arab region
Curt Meine and Richard L. Knight, (eds.) The Essential Aldo Leopold. Quotations and Commentaries
Jyoti Shankar Singh, Creating a New Consensus on Population
Walden Bello, Shea Cunningham and Li Kheng Poh, A Siamese Tragedy
Bart Makaske, Anastomosing Rivers: Forms, Processes and Sediments
Philip Micklin, Managing Water in Central Asia
Iwao Kobori and Michael H. Glantz, (eds.) Central Eurasian Water Crisis: Caspian, Aral, and Dead Seas
John R. Gold and George Revill, (eds.) Landscapes of Defence
Monica Trujillo Amado Ordonez and Carlos Hernandez, Risk Mapping and Local Capabilities: Lessons from Mexico and Central America
R. Dalton, H. Fox and P. Jones, Classic Landforms of the White Peak (second edition), Classic Landforms of the Dark Peak (second edition)
Tatyana Saiko, Environmental Crises: Geographical Case Studies in Post-Socialist Eurasia
F. Brouwer and P. Lowe, (eds.) CAP Regimes and the European Countryside
Andrew Goudie, The Human Impact on the Natural Environment (fifth edition)
Jean Radvanyi, La Nouvelle Russie (second edition)
John Vogler, The Global Commons: Environmental and Technological Governance (second edition) 相似文献
Reginald Appleyard, (ed.) Emigration dynamics in developing countries. Vol. IV: the Arab region
Curt Meine and Richard L. Knight, (eds.) The Essential Aldo Leopold. Quotations and Commentaries
Jyoti Shankar Singh, Creating a New Consensus on Population
Walden Bello, Shea Cunningham and Li Kheng Poh, A Siamese Tragedy
Bart Makaske, Anastomosing Rivers: Forms, Processes and Sediments
Philip Micklin, Managing Water in Central Asia
Iwao Kobori and Michael H. Glantz, (eds.) Central Eurasian Water Crisis: Caspian, Aral, and Dead Seas
John R. Gold and George Revill, (eds.) Landscapes of Defence
Monica Trujillo Amado Ordonez and Carlos Hernandez, Risk Mapping and Local Capabilities: Lessons from Mexico and Central America
R. Dalton, H. Fox and P. Jones, Classic Landforms of the White Peak (second edition), Classic Landforms of the Dark Peak (second edition)
Tatyana Saiko, Environmental Crises: Geographical Case Studies in Post-Socialist Eurasia
F. Brouwer and P. Lowe, (eds.) CAP Regimes and the European Countryside
Andrew Goudie, The Human Impact on the Natural Environment (fifth edition)
Jean Radvanyi, La Nouvelle Russie (second edition)
John Vogler, The Global Commons: Environmental and Technological Governance (second edition) 相似文献
19.
《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1997,18(1):110-118
Books reviewed in this article:
Climatology: An Atmospheric Science . John J. Hidore and John E. Oliver.
Geomorphology in the Tropics: A Study of Weathering and Denudation in Low Latitudes . Michael F. Thomas.
Hydrology and Water Management in the Humid Tropics . Michael Bonell, Maynard M. Hufschmidt and John S. Gladwell.
The Environment and International Relations . John Vogler and Mark F. Imber (eds.).
Summary and Selected Papers of the SEAPOL Tri-Regional Conference . Kathleen I. Matics and Ted L. McDorman (eds.)
Trade, Aid and Global Interdependence . George Cho.
Communication and the "Third World" . Geoffrey Reeves.
East Asian Economies: Transformation and Challenges . Toshihiko Kawagoe and Sueo Sekiguchi (eds.).
Counting the Cost: Economic Growth and Environmental Change in Thailand . Jonathan Rigg (ed.). 相似文献
Climatology: An Atmospheric Science . John J. Hidore and John E. Oliver.
Geomorphology in the Tropics: A Study of Weathering and Denudation in Low Latitudes . Michael F. Thomas.
Hydrology and Water Management in the Humid Tropics . Michael Bonell, Maynard M. Hufschmidt and John S. Gladwell.
The Environment and International Relations . John Vogler and Mark F. Imber (eds.).
Summary and Selected Papers of the SEAPOL Tri-Regional Conference . Kathleen I. Matics and Ted L. McDorman (eds.)
Trade, Aid and Global Interdependence . George Cho.
Communication and the "Third World" . Geoffrey Reeves.
East Asian Economies: Transformation and Challenges . Toshihiko Kawagoe and Sueo Sekiguchi (eds.).
Counting the Cost: Economic Growth and Environmental Change in Thailand . Jonathan Rigg (ed.). 相似文献
20.
从2002年第五届风沙国际会议(ICAR-5)看沙漠科学研究的发展趋势 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
简要介绍了国际风沙会议(ICAR)的历史,评述了2002年在美国Lubbock召开的ICAR-5会议的主要成果,分析当前国际沙漠研究的热点领域和发展趋势。 相似文献