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1.
据南京汤山葫芦洞石笋的23个热电离质谱测年结果和分辨率达100-200a的氧、碳稳定同位素测试数据，讨论了75-35kaBP期间东亚季风气候的高频振荡特征。石笋氧同位素值的波动范围介于-9.165‰～5.456‰之间，相邻峰谷的变幅可达2‰～3‰，由其构成的16个气候不稳定性事件与格陵兰冰心δ^18o记录中IS8-IS20和北大西洋冰漂碎屑事件H4-H6有良好的对比关系，揭示了东亚季风气候变化与高纬极地大气温度变化存在着动力机制上的联系。石笋碳同位素记录呈现类似于δ^18O记录的高频振荡形式，反映了洞穴了覆植被类型对存在着动力机制上的联系。石笋碳同位素记录呈现类似于δ^18O记录的高频振荡形式，反映了洞穴上覆植被类型对气候变化的快速响应。石笋稳定同位素曲线上72ka BP左右的快速降温事件与印度尼西亚Toba火山喷发事件基本一致。有可能说明是更新世全球气候事件的发生并非单一源于北大西洋深层水体的变化。 相似文献
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南海北部晚第四纪高分辨率浮游氧同位素地层学及其古气候信息 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对南海北部MD05-2904孔45 m的连续沉积物中提取的浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides ruber(白色)进行稳定同位素分析, 得到晚MIS 8以来(时间跨度257 ka, 平均时间分辨率228 a)的高分辨率沉积记录, δ18O和δ13C的频谱分析显示了强烈的岁差(23.4 ka、19.8 ka)、半岁差(11.7 ka、9.9 ka)周期.MD05-2904孔MIS 24时间段的氧同位素记录了格陵兰冰心中发现的Dansgaard/Oeschger和Heinrich事件.与葫芦洞石笋记录及南海邻区浮游有孔虫氧同位素记录的对比显示了受季风控制的区域因素, 如降雨、河流输入导致的盐度变化等对表层海水组成的影响.氧同位素在MIS 3、MIS 6的早期以及MIS 7.4偏轻; 而在MIS 5.5偏重, 这种现象解释为降雨量和蒸发量共同作用的结果.而末次冰盛期高达6570 cm/ka的沉积速率反映了低海平面时孔位离岸距离缩短带来丰富的沉积物源. 相似文献
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对西菲律宾海Ph05-5柱状样190ka以来钙质超微化石进行了氧碳同位素分析.研究结果表明, 钙质超微化石δ18O值在末次间冰期(MIS 5e) 和全新世明显低于末次冰期(MIS5d~2) 和倒数第二次冰期(MIS6).超微化石δ18O值与浮游和底栖有孔虫δ18O值都呈明显的正相关关系, 但超微化石δ18O平均值比浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides rubber δ18O平均值高0.431×10-3, 比Neogloboquadrina dutertrei δ18O平均值低0.410×10-3, 而这三者又远远低于底栖有孔虫Cibicides wullerstorfi的δ18O平均值.超微化石δ13C值变化阶段性特征明显, 并与该孔超微化石绝对丰度变化趋势极为相似, 二者共同反映出西菲律宾海大约从190ka到110ka的MIS6和大约MIS 5e期, 表层海水初级生产力相当稳定且显著低于其他各时期; 大约从MIS5d期开始表层初级生产力显著上升, 初级生产力的这一高值一致持续到约25ka左右的末次冰期; 在25ka以来的MIS1、2期, 表层初级生产力有所下降, 但仍高于190ka到110ka的MIS6和MIS 5e期. 相似文献
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MIS 5a/5b时期亚洲夏季风变化的高分辨率石笋记录 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于深海氧同位素阶段5时期 (Marine Isotope Stage 5, MIS 5)高分辨率的亚洲夏季风记录较少,限制了对该时期亚洲夏季风变化的认识。本文利用重庆金佛山羊口洞石笋的δ18O记录,重建了MIS 5a/5b时期平均分辨率为38年的亚洲夏季风演变历史。发现该时段亚洲夏季风在千年—百年尺度上与北大西洋地区气候变化存在紧密联系。得益于误差小于0.4%的230Th测年结果,本文标定了中国间冰阶(Chinese Interstadial, CIS)21的开始时间为84.6±0.3 ka BP,CIS 22的起止时间分别为91.2±0.3 ka BP和88.9±0.3 ka BP。此外,羊口洞石笋记录的CIS 21和CIS 22的变化模式与格陵兰记录不同,而与南极冰芯记录呈反相对应,可能表示在此阶段亚洲夏季风受到了南半球气候变化的影响。 相似文献
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本研究利用辽宁本溪庙洞石笋MD12,通过230Th定年和高分辨率氧同位素分析,并集成庙洞另一支石笋MD11序列,重建了3.04~2.60 ka B.P.时期辽东地区夏季风(降水)变化历史。该石笋氧同位素序列记录了2.8 ka事件的详细过程,事件的核心阶段起止时间约为2.76~2.66 ka B.P.,中心点位于2.68 ka B.P.,稍微晚于西南石笋氧同位素记录(约2.71 ka B.P.),但是在事件的开始时间上,庙洞石笋氧同位素记录比西南石笋氧同位素记录晚了约100年。因此,庙洞石笋氧同位素记录与西南石笋氧同位素记录中显示的缓慢减弱-快速增强模式不同,2.8 ka事件在辽东石笋氧同位素记录中表现为快速减弱-突然增强的变化模式,与太阳活动代用指标一致变化,支持太阳活动是2.8 ka弱季风事件驱动因子的观点。庙洞石笋氧同位素快速响应太阳活动的变化特征,说明其动力学机制可能是太阳活动减弱导致北半球高纬度地区温度降低,然后通过大气"遥相关"作用影响东亚夏季风。 相似文献
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西太平洋暖池区第四纪钙质超微化石氧碳同位素特征及意义 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
对西太平洋暖池区MD97—2140柱状样1．75Ma以来的钙质超微化石进行了氧碳同位素分析．结果表明超微化石占δ^18O值与浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides ruber δ^18O值在变化趋势和周期上都具有明显相似性．根据超微化石占δ^18O值也可以划分出59个氧同位素期,1748ka到900ka期间超微化石占δ^18O值的变化周期以41ka为主．而850ka到6ka期间则以100ka为主．这说明超微化石氧同位素分析可以像有孔虫氧同位素分析一样在大洋地层学和古海洋学、古气候学研究中发挥重要作用．超微化石占δ^13C值变化则呈现阶段性变化的特点．以900ka,480ka和250ka时间面为界,可分四大阶段．同时,MD97—2140柱状样超微化石占δ^13C值的这种变化规律与邻近ODP807站揭示的海水初级生产力变化趋势极为相似,意味着超微化石占δ^13C值是反映海水初级生产力变化的一项重要指标． 相似文献
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柴达木盆地西部大浪滩140 ka以来沉积特征与古环境 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
文章选取柴达木盆地西部大浪滩盐湖沉积中心的钻孔岩芯为研究对象,通过U系年代学研究,建立了该地区140kaBP以来的湖相地层沉积序列。从沉积特征来看,期间共经历了8次成盐期和6次淡化期,成盐期沉积的主要矿物为石盐、石膏、芒硝和白钠镁矾。淡化阶段主要矿物为粘土(伊利石占绝大多数,次为绿泥石和高岭石)、碳酸盐(方解石和白云石为主)和石英长石。对该时段碳氧同位素分析显示,140～113kaBP(92～84m),同末次间冰期的演化阶段(5e)有着很好的对应关系;113～93kaBP(84～78m)(5d),从碳同位素组成特征看,该阶段也有多次气候的颤动发生,在78～80m层段,有近2m厚的中粗粒芒硝,其为冷相矿物,这说明该阶段水体温度变化频繁;此外,93～87kaBP(78～74.6m)、87～79.5kaBP(74.6～67.5m)、79.5～76kaBP(67.5～63.5m)也都分别对应着末次间冰期后的5c、5b、5a三个阶段。76～72kaBP(60～64m)(MIS4),氧同位素组成快速偏重(-4‰～-8‰(PDB)),温度下降,水体明显咸化;72～30kaBP(60～16m)(MIS3),总体碳氧同位素组成偏重,代表干凉的古气候环境,期间有两次成盐期,代表了冷干时段;30～14kaBP(16～0m)(MIS2),氧同位素组成明显偏重,代表了末次盛冰期的到来,进而结束了湖泊水体沉积。 相似文献
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洞穴石笋碳酸钙（盐）δ^13C的同位素记录表明，其与δ^18O同位素记录一样，均能反映气候环境的冷暖旋回变化，也具有急速的突变事件记录。本文利用近期或古老的洞穴石笋碳酸钙（盐）δ^13C的同位素组成，对桂林地区44ka以来的大气CO2浓度进行了尝试性的估算，估算结果表明，它可与近期所测量的以及冰岩芯气泡组分分析和北方黄土碳酸盐δ^13C估算的大气CO2浓度值基本接近，可以进行相互对比，说明利用洞穴石笋碳酸盐δ^13C同位素组成对大气CO2浓度进行估算的方法是可行的。研究表明，洞穴石笋碳酸盐δ^13C同位素的记录，对地质时期的冷事件具有独特的敏感性，特别是对新仙女木冷事件和北大西洋Heinrich的H1至H5冷事件反映较为明显，在干冷期δ^13C同位素快速升高，总体上与大气CO2浓度的变化呈反比，大气CO2浓度的变化与全球性的气候波动大体一致，但存在明显的区域性变化特征。 相似文献
10.
通过对桂林响水洞的石笋进行高精度的TIMS—U系测年和C、O同位素分析，建立了中全新世6．00ka B P以来桂林地区高分辨率的古气候变化时间序列。石笋剖面的C、O同位素记录揭示，桂林地区中全新世(6．00ka B P)以来的季风气候变化，大致可分为2个气候期：6．00～3．57ka B P为气候适宜期，显示东亚夏季风由强盛逐渐变为减弱的趋势，为气候温暖湿润期；3．57～0．37ka B P为降温期，显示东亚夏季风减弱，冬季风增强以及气候的大幅度波动。在这一降温期，间夹多次短暂的温暖期。石笋同位素记录的研究结果表明，在6．00～0．37ka B P间的中全新世——气候适宜期，δ^18O值由偏负逐渐向偏正的变化趋势，反映东亚夏季风由强变弱，降雨由多变少，气温由高变低的变化趋势。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
19.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
20.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献