首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
浑善达克沙地及其周边地区是我国北方沙尘暴多发区之一,该区的土地利用与覆被变化反映了一系列的环境与社会经济问题。基于卫星遥感信息和空间数据处理技术,并结合地面实地调查资料、气象观测和社会经济数据,得出了20世纪80年代末至90年代末这一地区土地利用与覆被变化情况。结果表明:耕地、建设用地和未利用地明显增加,草地和水域减少,变化面积最大的是草地,有944.42 km2的草地转变为其他用地类型;从变化速率来看,最快的是建设用地,增加了19.8%,其次是耕地,增加10.2%。土地利用转变的主要类型是草地向耕地和未利用地的转变,及耕地向建设用地的转变;呈退化趋势的土地面积近3倍于恢复土地面积。就土地利用与覆被变化的社会经济背景进行了深入分析。  相似文献   

2.
During the last decade of the 20th century, extensive conversion in agricultural land use took place in Northeast China. The goal of this study is to ascertain its spatial distribution and regional differentiation, determine its causes, and analyze its environmental impact. Especially we attempt to elucidate how institutional constraints have facilitated the change at a time of agrarian restructuring when newly emerging free market was hybridized with the former planned economy. Information on six categories of land use was mapped from interpretation of Landsat TM images recorded in 1990, 1995 and 2000. Most of land use changes took place during the first half of the decade, coinciding with abrupt and chaotic changes in government directives. Farmland was changed mainly to woodland, water body and built-up areas while woodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland. Spatially, the change from farmland to woodland was restricted to the west of the study area. The change from grassland to farmland took place in the grazing and farming interlocked west. These chaotic and occasionally conflicting changes were largely caused by lack of stability and consistency in agricultural land use policies promulgated. They have exerted adverse impacts on the local environment, including land degradation, increased flooding, and modified climate regime.  相似文献   

3.
1IntroductionLand use change has received lots of attention internationally (Turner etal., 1994). Understanding of the mechanism of land use change and its adverse effect on the environment is conducive to understanding of population, resources, environment and sustainable economic development on the global, national and regional scales. With the rapid rise in human population, human-induced changes in land use form an important component of regional environmental change. In China, to emphasi…  相似文献   

4.
During the last decade of the 20th century, extensive conversion in agricultural land use took place in Northeast China. The goal of this study is to ascertain its spatial distribution and regional differentiation, determine its causes, and analyze its environmental impact, Especially we attempt to elucidate how institutional constraints have facilitated the change at a time of agrarian restructuring when newly emerging free market was hybridized with the former planned economy. Information on six categories of land use was mapped from interpretation of Landsat TM images recorded in 1990,1995 and 2000. Most of land use changes took place during the first half of the decade, coinciding with abrupt and chaotic changes in government directives. Farmland was changed mainly to woodland,water body and built-up areas while woodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland.Spatially, the change from farmland to woodland was restricted to the west of the study area. The change from grassland to farmland took place in the grazing and farming interlocked west. These chaotic and occasionally conflicting changes were largely caused by lack of stability and consistency in agricultural land use policies promulgated. They have exerted adverse impacts on the local environment, including land degradation, increased flooding, and modified climate regime.  相似文献   

5.
基于遥感和GIS的松嫩沙地土地利用/土地覆被时空格局研究   总被引:23,自引:9,他引:14  
利用1986年和2000年2期TM影像资料,建立相应的空间图形库系统,定量分析了松嫩沙地典型区近15a来土地利用数量变化,从土地利用斑块特征、斑块空间邻接关系变化和主导变化类型角度对土地利用/覆被格局进行了清晰的空间描述。结果表明,研究时段内该区土地利用量变和质变活跃。耕地面状成片、条带状延伸和斑块状空间扩展,从整体上呈现集中化特征。较大面积的草地和林地被分割、破碎化,小块盐碱化草地空间聚集与扩张。耕地与草地、草地与盐碱地空间相邻度变大,草地开垦强度增大、土地盐碱化日益严重。空间变化上表现为耕地、林地、草地和未利用地之间相互转化,以草地、林地-旱地,草地-未利用地,未利用地-旱地、水田及旱地-水田最为显著。  相似文献   

6.
Using Landsat remote sensing images, we analyzed changes in each land use type and transitions among different land use types during land use and land cover change (LUCC) in Ningwu County, located in the eastern Loess Plateau of China, from 1990 to 2010. We found that grassland, woodland, and farmland were the main land use types in the study area, and the area of each type changed slightly from 1990 to 2010, whereas the area of water, construction land, and unused land increased greatly. For the whole area, the net change and total change were insignificant due to weak human activity intensity in most of the study area, and the LUCC was dominated by quasi-balanced two-way transitions from 1990 to 2010. The insignificant overall amount of LUCC appears to have resulted from offsetting of rapid increases in population, economic growth, and the implementation of a program to return farmland to woodland and grassland in 2000. This program converted more farmland into woodland and grassland from 2000 to 2010 than from 1990 to 2000, but reclamation of woodland and grassland for use as farmland continued from 2000 to 2010, and is a cause for concern to the local government.  相似文献   

7.
土地利用变化引发的水资源问题往往成为跨界流域各国矛盾的焦点,如何充分考虑跨界流域的特殊性和复杂性,对土地利用变化研究提出了新的要求。本文利用 MODIS产品提取了伊犁河流域2001-2009年土地利用数据,划分流域的产水/耗水区,结合流域跨界特点分析其土地利用变化特征。研究时段内,伊犁河流域土地利用以农田和天然植被为主,农田总面积有所下降,天然植被面积基本稳定。其中上中游产水区林地出现萎缩,草地面积增幅较大;中游水库耗水区内农田大幅度转化为天然植被;下游三角洲耗水区土地利用开发受限,人类干预程度下降。产流区内中国农田面积相对境外持续增加,而天然植被面积相对境外则持续缩小。受制度影响,哈萨克斯坦境内土地利用变化波动明显,中国境内土地利用变化幅度相对稳定。  相似文献   

8.
榆林地区土地利用/覆被变化区域特征及其驱动机制分析   总被引:31,自引:18,他引:13  
利用榆林地区1986、1995年土地利用现状图,在地理信息系统支持下建立土地利用变化转移矩阵,结合多年社会统计资料分析榆林地区10多年来的土地利用动态变化特征。研究结果表明:土地利用类型变化幅度大、流转方向较为集中,具体表现为农田总面积下降、耕地质量局部改善,林草覆盖面积增长、其它用地类型面积减少;从区域角度分析,南部黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地面积减少、成熟林地面积增加幅度大与西北部风沙区耕地面积轻微增加、天然草地优势地位增强形成鲜明对比,这种区域特征符合“因地制宜”规律,与“退耕还林还草”政策导向吻合。全区总人口及其区域分布、农民年均收入和农业人口比重为该区土地利用/覆被变化的主要驱动力,同时人们的环境保护意识和相应的土地政策也对该区土地利用/覆被变化产生较大影响。  相似文献   

9.
基于遥感技术的银川市土地利用/覆被研究   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
杜灵通 《干旱区地理》2007,30(4):85-589
为消除地形复杂地区不同地物的同谱异物现象,在遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术的支持下,采用分区分类方法对宁夏银川市1991和1999年的Landsat TM/ETM 影像进行解译,得到了银川市两期土地利用/覆被变化数据。在此基础上,通过转移矩阵和土地利用/覆被变化幅度、动态度及状态指数模型,对银川市土地利用/覆被变化的状况和变化过程进行了研究。结果表明,在研究期内,银川市各土地利用/覆被变化类型都有不同程度的变化。林地、耕地和城市用地转入大于转出,朝着规模增加的方向发展,而草地和水体转出大于转入,朝着规模缩小的方向发展,未利用地虽然转入大于转出,但变化缓慢;土地利用/覆被年变化率最大的是草地,其次为耕地,未利用地的最小。  相似文献   

10.
塔里木河干流区土地利用/覆被变化及其生态环境效应   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
在GIS和遥感技术支持下,利用1973年MSS遥感影像、1983年航空遥感土地利用图、1990年TM、2000年TM和2005年CBERS遥感影像对新疆塔里木河干流区土地利用/覆被变化过程和生态环境效应进行了分析。结果表明,1973~2005年塔里木河干流区土地利用/覆被发生了显著变化,耕地、未利用地和城乡居民及建设用地面积分别增加了25.72×104hm2、17.33×104hm2和0.51×104hm2,林地、草地和湿地面积分别减少了29.10×104hm2、8.63×104hm2和5.84×104hm2。在1973~1983年、1983~1990年、1990~2000年、2000~2005年4个时段中土地利用变化呈"显著变化—缓慢变化—显著变化—急剧变化"的过程。土地利用类型转移的主要方向是林地和草地转化为耕地、耕地转化为城乡居民及建设用地、草地转化为未利用地。土地利用/覆被的变化引起了干流区水环境恶化、土壤质量改变、天然植被严重退化、土地荒漠化和盐渍化加剧、湿地面积减少和生物多样性丧失等一系列生态环境问题。  相似文献   

11.
潮白河上游土地利用的时空变化特征与驱动力分析   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9  
本文以1990年和2000年两期土地利用数据和社会经济数据为基础,采用变化率、土地利用转移矩阵、动态度等指数分析方法,对潮白河上游1990~2000年间土地利用的变化及驱动因子进行了分析。结果表明,在1990年到2000年10年间,由于生态保护和植树造林,潮白河上游土地利用发生了很大变化,突出表现为草地与耕地往林地的转移。从变化的空间差异看,赤城县以及几个县的交界地区土地利用变化最剧烈。从土地利用变化的原因看,生态建设和农业结构调整对土地利用影响深刻,是区域土地利用变化最重要的驱动因子。  相似文献   

12.
北方13省土地利用/覆盖动态变化分析   总被引:20,自引:9,他引:11  
对北方13省1989~1999年的宏观土地利用/覆盖动态变化进行分析。结果表明:研究区草地、水体的退化以及未利用地的不断扩展增加区域生态系统的敏感性和脆弱性,生态环境压力进一步增大;土地利用/覆盖总体破碎度不断增加,土地利用向着多样化和均质化方向发展;10年间,各种土地利用/覆盖类型重心的空间位置均有所变化。水体变化最明显,其次为未利用地、耕地和城建用地;各种土地利用/覆盖类型变化表现出明显的区域差异。  相似文献   

13.
江汉平原土地利用的时空变化及其驱动因素分析   总被引:31,自引:4,他引:27  
采用遥感、GIS一体化技术,利用1989~1990、1995~1996和1999~2000年获取的三期陆地资源卫星图像,对江汉平原土地利用10年变化和以1995~1996年为界的前后两个5年变化的时空特征进行了分析,并探讨了变化的驱动因素。结果表明,该区的土地利用在不同的时间及空间尺度上有明显不同的特点。10年间,耕地减少近5万hm2,其中,前5年的减少量占多数,达6783%。各类建设用地总计增加了156万hm2,其中,前5年的增加量是后5年的2倍。水域面积在10年间增加了达到354万hm2,后5年的增幅不到前期的1/2。土地利用变化最快的区域均处于工业经济较发达、城市化较快的地区如武汉、仙桃,变化最慢的区域在监利、松滋、天门等地。政策、社会经济与科技因素对土地利用随时间尺度的变化有决定性的影响。  相似文献   

14.
2010-2015年中国土地利用变化的时空格局与新特征   总被引:24,自引:4,他引:20  
土地利用/覆被变化是人类活动对地球表层及全球变化影响研究的重要内容。本文基于Landsat 8 OLI、GF-2等遥感图像和人机交互解译方法,获取的土地利用数据实现了中国2010-2015年土地利用变化遥感动态监测。应用土地利用动态度、年变化率等指标,从全国和分区角度揭示了2010-2015年中国土地利用变化的时空特征。结果表明:2010-2015年中国建设用地面积共增加24.6×103 km2,耕地面积共减少4.9×103 km2,林草用地面积共减少16.4×103 km2。2010-2015年与2000-2010年相比,中国土地利用变化的区域空间格局基本一致,但分区变化呈现新的特征。东部建设用地持续扩张和耕地面积减少,变化速率有所下降;中部建设用地扩张和耕地面积减少速度增加;西部建设用地扩张明显加速,耕地面积增速进一步加快,林草面积减少速率增加;东北地区建设用地扩展持续缓慢,耕地面积稳中有升,水旱田转换突出,林草面积略有下降。从“十二五”期间国家实施的主体功能区布局来看,东部地区的土地利用变化特征与优化和重点开发区的国土空间格局管控要求基本吻合;中部和西部地区则面临对重点生态功能区和农产品主产区相关土地利用类型实现有效保护的严峻挑战,必须进一步加大对国土空间开发格局的有效管控。  相似文献   

15.
In areas with topographic heterogeneity, land use change is spatially variable and influenced by climate, soil properties, and topography. To better understand this variability in the high-sediment region of the Loess Plateau in which soil loss is most severe and sediment diameter is larger than in other regions of the plateau, this study builds some indicators to identify the characteristics of land use change and then analyze the spatial variability as it is affected by climate, soil property, and topography. We build two indicators, a land use change intensity index and a vegetation change index, to characterize the intensity of land use change, and the degree of vegetation restoration, respectively. Based on a subsection mean method, the two indicators are then used to assess the spatial variability of land use change affected by climatic, edaphic, and topographic elements. The results indicate that: 1) Land use changed significantly in the period 1998-2010. The total area experiencing land use change was 42,302 km2, accounting for 22.57%of the study area. High-coverage grassland, other woodland, and forest increased significantly, while low-coverage grassland and farmland decreased in 2010 compared with 1998.2) Land use change occurred primarily west of the Yellow River, between 35 and 38 degrees north latitude. The four transformation types, including (a) low-coverage grassland to medium-coverage grassland, (b) medium-coverage grassland to high-coverage grassland, (c) farmland to other woodland, and (d) farmland to medium-coverage grassland, were the primary types of land use change, together constituting 60% of the area experiencing land use change. 3) The spatial variability of land use change was significantly affected by properties of dryness/wetness, soil conditions and slope gradient. In general, land use changed dramatically in semi-arid regions, remained relatively stable in arid regions, changed significantly in clay-rich soil, remained relatively stable in clay-poor soil, changed dramatically in steeper slopes, and remained relatively stable in tablelands and low-lying regions. The increase in vegetation coincided with increasing changes in land use for each physical element. These findings allow for an evaluation of the effect of the Grain to Green Program, and are applicable to the design of soil and water conservation projects on the Loess Plateau of China.  相似文献   

16.
嘉陵江中下游地区近30年土地利用与 覆被变化过程研究   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:12  
应用遥感和GIS技术及数理统计学的方法,利用1972年MSS遥感影像、1986年和2000年的TM遥感影像,在总结了目前使用较广泛的土地利用类型动态度模型的基础上,提出了转出速度、转入速度、综合动态度、状态指数等模型,并指出唯有将这些模型综合运用,才能更好地理解土地利用类型的动态变化。利用上述模型以及LUCC的幅度、区域差异模型,深入而全面的研究了自上世纪70年代初期以来嘉陵江中下游地区14个县市区LUCC的过程。  相似文献   

17.
利用航片解译和景生态学方法研究了陕北黄土丘陵区大南沟流域在20世纪70年代和90年代的土地利用结构的特点和变化,结果表:从1975年到1999年,梯田,坡耕地,稀疏林地,灌丛面积减少,所占百分比呈下降趋势,而有林地,果园,荒地所占百分比呈上升趋势,梯田,有林地,灌丛和茺地平均斑块面积在增大,而坡耕地,稀疏林地,果园的平均斑块面积在减小,果园和坡耕地分维数在变大,斑块形状趋于复杂化,而有林地,稀疏林地,灌丛,梯田和荒地的斑块分维数在变小,斑块形状趋势规则小,有林地,灌丛,果园,荒地的分离度在下降,稀疏林地,梯田和坡耕地的分离度在上升,说明有林地,罐丛,果园和荒地的地位在上升,而稀疏林地,梯田和坡耕地的地位在下降,全区单位面积的斑块数目的磁大,在一定程度上表明农田中地块之间的边界增多,其结果是导致一些土地资源和浪费和不利于土地管理,景观多样性指数和土地利用相对合理指数在增大,但变化较小,1997年与1975年相比,整体上土利用结构稍有好转,但这种土地利用结构远未达理想状态。  相似文献   

18.
奈曼旗20世纪80年代以来土地覆盖/利用变化研究   总被引:22,自引:9,他引:13  
赵杰  赵士洞  郑纯辉 《中国沙漠》2004,24(3):317-322
奈曼旗是我国北方农牧交错带沙漠化最严重的地区之一, 也是中国沙漠化监测和治理的重要地区之一。自20世纪80年代以来开始实行一系列土地整治措施, 土地覆盖/利用发生很大变化。利用1980年和1996年的1: 10万的TM遥感影像及GIS获得的数据, 从土地覆盖/利用结构变化、数量变化、空间景观特征变化以及主要变化过程等方面对其进行了研究。结果表明, 80年代以来奈曼旗耕地与难利用土地大幅减少, 林地和草地大幅增加; 土地覆盖/利用变化的主要过程为: 耕地退耕还草、还林, 难利用土地恢复为草地, 在适宜的草地上植树造林; 景观变得破碎, 土地利用的多样性增强。  相似文献   

19.
In areas with topographic heterogeneity, land use change is spatially variable and influenced by climate, soil properties, and topography. To better understand this variability in the high-sediment region of the Loess Plateau in which soil loss is most severe and sediment diameter is larger than in other regions of the plateau, this study builds some indicators to identify the characteristics of land use change and then analyze the spatial variability as it is affected by climate, soil property, and topography. We build two indicators, a land use change intensity index and a vegetation change index, to characterize the intensity of land use change, and the degree of vegetation restoration, respectively. Based on a subsection mean method, the two indicators are then used to assess the spatial variability of land use change affected by climatic, edaphic, and topographic elements. The results indicate that: 1) Land use changed significantly in the period 1998-2010. The total area experiencing land use change was 42,302 km2, accounting for 22.57% of the study area. High-coverage grassland, other woodland, and forest increased significantly, while low-coverage grassland and farmland decreased in 2010 compared with 1998. 2) Land use change occurred primarily west of the Yellow River, between 35 and 38 degrees north latitude. The four transformation types, including (a) low-coverage grassland to medium-coverage grassland, (b) medium-coverage grassland to high-coverage grassland, (c) farmland to other woodland, and (d) farmland to medium-coverage grassland, were the primary types of land use change, together constituting 60% of the area experiencing land use change. 3) The spatial variability of land use change was significantly affected by properties of dryness/wetness, soil conditions and slope gradient. In general, land use changed dramatically in semi-arid regions, remained relatively stable in arid regions, changed significantly in clay-rich soil, remained relatively stable in clay-poor soil, changed dramatically in steeper slopes, and remained relatively stable in tablelands and low-lying regions. The increase in vegetation coincided with increasing changes in land use for each physical element. These findings allow for an evaluation of the effect of the Grain to Green Program, and are applicable to the design of soil and water conservation projects on the Loess Plateau of China.  相似文献   

20.
文章基于2000和2012年的土地利用数据,采用土地利用转移流网络和GIS密度制图法定量分析研究区土地系统时空动态变化及其空间集聚效应,并在此基础上应用地统计学方法对研究区土地利用生态服务价值进行时空异质性分析。结果显示:1)流域建设用地、水域和园地呈增加趋势,而耕地、林地和草地则呈现减少趋势;2)流域整体土地系统共存在30种土地利用转移流网络关系,上游27种,中游26种,下游17种,耕地、建设用地、草地与林地之间的网络转移关系决定了北部湾钦江流域土地系统土地利用变化的主体方向;3)通过选用不同的变异函数模型对钦江流域生态服务价值空间结构分析可知,2000年流域生态服务价值的最佳拟合模型应为指数模型,而2012年则为球状模型;4)流域整体生态服务价值总量由2000年的802 077.44万元减到2012年的787 794.14万元,减少了14 283.29万元。中游的生态服务价值最高,上游的生态服务价值次之,下游的生态服务价值最小。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号