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1.
电学填埋场渗漏检测方法是利用漏洞电流引起的感应电势异常来定位防渗膜上的漏洞位置.当漏洞电流较小时,检测电极上的极化电位噪声极易将电势的异常值淹没,导致漏洞定位的失败.基于电极极化电位噪声的特点,提出了采用低频交变方波供电的方式来剔除该类噪声.在小型模拟填埋场中的实验结果表明:当回路电流为70 mA,膜上供电电极接电源正极时,防渗层上的两个漏洞只有一个被检出;膜上供电电极接电源负极时,则两个漏洞皆未被检出;将两次实验数据对应相减,则两个漏洞皆被准确定位. 相似文献
2.
垃圾填埋场渗漏污染三维分布式电学监测系统研制及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
垃圾填埋场建设期将电极传感器网状布设于防渗层下方,垃圾场启用后通过预设电极实现观测区自然电位和地下介质电阻率测试.对比不同时期实测自然电位和视电阻率剖面特征变化,确定垃圾场渗漏与否、渗漏点的位置、数量及渗滤液形成羽状体的空间分布和扩散过程.三维分布式电学监测系统就是基于上述理念设计研制的,包括采集站、供电控制器及传感器系统,可同时完成多个位置点电位测量.粉砂层中渗滤液扩散过程的原位三维电学监测结果显示渗滤液污染区呈现自然电位负异常和低阻特征,低阻异常区分布范围和实际污染区具有良好的对应关系,污染区扩散特征可通过分析低阻异常区变化来确定. 相似文献
3.
井下地电阻率观测影响系数分析——以江宁地震台为例 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用水平层状均匀介质中点电源位于任意深度时的电位解析表达式,以江宁台3层电性结构为例,分析了井下对称四极地电阻率观测时各层影响系数随深度、极距的变化,并结合探测深度探讨了实施井下观测时影响系数在选择供电极距和电极埋深时的作用。结果表明,对于"K"型电性结构,江宁台井下观测对地表、浅层干扰有较强的抑制作用,其短极距观测对地表、浅层干扰的抑制能力显著优于长极距观测;长极距观测在电极埋深H小于100m时对地表介质季节性的干扰具有放大作用;浅层影响系数一定时,电极埋深和供电极距需同时增加;江宁台井下观测供电极距AB/2取100～150m、电极埋深H为250m较为合理。 相似文献
4.
采用直流电法进行室内试验和现场的数值模拟时,由于边界条件和现场不同,会造成电场分布与现场存在一定的偏差.本文为了减小边界影响,在一定的电位相对偏差(实验值或数值解与半无限理论解)水平下,优化室内试验和现场数值模拟的模型尺寸,对两个异性点电流源均匀介质电场进行数值模拟,得出以下主要结论:在模型顶面供电电极之间电位的最大相对偏差小于1%的前提下,直流电法现场的数值模拟(零电位边界)采用长方体模型(长和宽相等),模型的高取为供电电极极距的1.75倍,模型的宽取为4.35倍时,在一定精度上模型的体积较小;直流电法室内试验(绝缘边界)采用长方体模型(长和宽相等),模型的高取为供电电极极距的3倍,模型的宽取为4.35倍时,在一定精度上模型的体积较小.当模型边界取为零电位边界时,在相同的供电电极极距下,模型顶面供电电极之间电位达到相同的相对偏差水平时,半球形模型的体积比长方体模型的体积更小.这些结论对数值模拟反演现场情况以及进行室内试验时模型的设计有一定的指导意义,使得相关规律能较好的应用于现场. 相似文献
5.
通过实验论证平凉地震台深井电阻率观测自然电位畸变由电极交叉供电造成,讨论分析不同电极供电对自然电位的影响。结果表明:对测量极供电,会影响自然电位,不会影响电阻率测值;单极供电对自然电位的影响表现为阶跃突跳,并以指数形态恢复,恢复时间约10 h,干扰峰值与供电电流、供电时间等有关;对观测数据进行校正,取得较好效果。 相似文献
6.
海洋直流电阻率法是海洋电磁勘探的重要方法之一,已经在许多海底资源探测中得到实践.本文推导了供电电极位于海底时四层水平层状介质电位表达式和视电阻率计算公式.根据快速汉克尔滤波法,计算含有贝塞尔函数的积分,编写MATLAB程序计算水平层海洋地电模型电位和视电阻率,探究海水深度和沉积层厚度对于视电阻率曲线的影响.研究表明海水越深,海平面对视电阻率曲线影响越小;沉积层厚度越薄,视电阻率异常响应越明显.建立了各种地电模型,并用二极装置、三极装置、偶极装置进行探测,对不同装置获得的视电阻率曲线进行分析,得出偶极装置对于滨海低阻层和高阻层异常反应能力较强.分析了低阻环境下不同装置在不同供电电流下接收端的电位信号强度,研究发现供电电流强度仅在收发距较小时对接收端电位信号强度影响较大,且供电电流越大电位信号强度越高.本文的结果为深入研究海洋直流电阻率法装置类型应用于海底资源探测奠定了基础. 相似文献
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8.
井下视电阻率观测影响系数分析 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
采用水平层状均匀介质中点电流源位于任意深度时电位解析表达式,分析了井下对称四极视电阻率观测时影响系数随深度和极距的变化。结果表明对于固定的观测极距,影响系数与电极埋深之间关系复杂;对于某些电性结构和在一定深度范围内,井下观测对表层干扰具有放大作用。对于固定的电极埋深,小极距观测主要体现观测装置所在处的介质层信息,深部介质的影响系数随着极距的加大而增加,浅层影响系数一般先上升后下降;观测极距足够大时,井下观测影响系数逐渐接近于地表观测的影响系数,井下观测的优势得不到体现。本文以天水台为例讨论了实施井下观测时影响系数在选择供电极距和电极埋深过程中的应用。分析结果对在不同电性结构中实施井下地电观测时具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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10.
从电流守恒条件出发,得到了两个积分方程.其中第一个和在1964年提出的相同,它的未知函数是边界面上的隐电流源分布密度;第二个积分方程的未知函数则是电位函数本身. 在的文章以及本文作者的另一篇文章中,供电电极和测量电极都被当成点电极处理.用这种方法来处理电位电极系和梯度电极系已不够准确,用来处理三侧向或双侧向等具有大电极的电极系则完全无能为力. 测井中所用的电极系是包着金属外皮的绝缘心棒,金属外皮就是电极.本文提出了处理这种电极系的方法.结果表明,第二个积分方程在处理这种电极系时有明显优点. 相似文献
11.
As landfill specifications become more stringent in the United Kingdom, the development of increasingly sophisticated monitoring methods is necessary to meet environmental protection goals. This case history describes the development of a 2-million-cubic-meter-capacity landfill located in a sandstone quarry and 1 km from a public water supply borehole, where the sensitivity of the site to ground water contamination and the proximity to a public water supply borehole are particular issues.
The landfill design incorporated a more sensitive environmental monitoring system, using a geophysical technique. The monitoring system comprises a permanent grid of electrodes installed beneath the landfill, connected by multicore cable to a computer-controlled earth resistance meter and switching unit in the site weighbridge. It was designed to detect holes in the landfill liner prior to and after covering with waste and to monitor the migration of contaminants beneath the landfill before they reach the perimeter observation boreholes, should leakage occur.
Such monitoring can enable the integrity of the landfill to be routinely reviewed; holes can be repaired if they are readily accessible and, if not, monitoring provides an early warning to enable the implementation of any additional monitoring or corrective action, based on the environmental risk posed by the site.
The system was first used as a quality assurance test once the landfill liner, which covered an area of 3 hectares, was installed. The system proved sensitive, detecting a hole consisting of two narrow knife cuts. Such sensitivity allows a high degree of confidence to be placed upon the integrity of the liner resulting in a significant contribution to public reassurance. The landfill is now operational, and monitoring using the geophysical system will be undertaken on a monthly basis for the first year, with the frequency of monitoring reviewed thereafter. 相似文献
The landfill design incorporated a more sensitive environmental monitoring system, using a geophysical technique. The monitoring system comprises a permanent grid of electrodes installed beneath the landfill, connected by multicore cable to a computer-controlled earth resistance meter and switching unit in the site weighbridge. It was designed to detect holes in the landfill liner prior to and after covering with waste and to monitor the migration of contaminants beneath the landfill before they reach the perimeter observation boreholes, should leakage occur.
Such monitoring can enable the integrity of the landfill to be routinely reviewed; holes can be repaired if they are readily accessible and, if not, monitoring provides an early warning to enable the implementation of any additional monitoring or corrective action, based on the environmental risk posed by the site.
The system was first used as a quality assurance test once the landfill liner, which covered an area of 3 hectares, was installed. The system proved sensitive, detecting a hole consisting of two narrow knife cuts. Such sensitivity allows a high degree of confidence to be placed upon the integrity of the liner resulting in a significant contribution to public reassurance. The landfill is now operational, and monitoring using the geophysical system will be undertaken on a monthly basis for the first year, with the frequency of monitoring reviewed thereafter. 相似文献
12.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):524-530
Abstract Detection efficiencies of alternative groundwater monitoring networks were evaluated in relation to distance to a buffer zone (contaminant migration) boundary. This boundary establishes a distance limit within which contaminant plumes should pass through monitoring wells, located on curvilinear segments (monitoring loci) near a waste storage facility. Alternative strategies allocated monitoring wells to loci at specified distances, measured parallel to groundwater flow, from the downgradient boundaries of a landfill. One approach constrained wells to equal spacing, measured perpendicular to groundwater flow. Compressing well locations 10% closer to the downgradient corner of the landfill rendered alternative monitoring configurations. Computations by a monitoring efficiency model indicated: (a) networks largely maintained detection efficiency for different contaminant migration boundaries; (b) one network most efficiently attained a target detection capability for all contaminant migration boundaries; and (c) compressed networks slightly outperformed equal-spaced counterparts. Compressed networks with more wells along closer monitoring loci best maintained the detection efficiency when shifting the contaminant migration boundary closer to the landfill. Procedures described in this paper may be useful for examining trade-offs between monitoring efficiency and distance limits of contaminant travel at landfills posing potential hazards to underlying groundwater. 相似文献
13.
高分辨率预测地下复杂采空区的空间分布特征--高密度电法在山西阳泉某复杂采空区中的初步应用研究 总被引：23，自引：14，他引：9
据前人资料,目标勘查区的深部可能存在多期、多类型、多开采对象的古采硐,但难以通过地表调查和常规的技术方法准确搞清其规模、形态、埋深等重要参数.本文采用高密度电法,结合厘米级高精度GPS测量和浅部钻探技术,针对不同类型的洞窟,选用不同的电极距,在复杂采空区地表布设了17条测线,完成了1 140个测点,共圈出120个电性异常.结合测区地质情况和异常的特殊形态,预测了可能为古采硐或相对致密岩石的物探异常.经首批19个钻孔验证,确认15个异常属于发生明显掉钻或漏浆现象的古采硐（陷落坑？）,4个异常是较为致密的石灰岩.实践证明,采用高密度电法能够高精度预测地下复杂采空区的空间分布特征,值得进一步推广. 相似文献
14.
Paul F. Hudak 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1998,18(2):93-96
A graphical method was devised for designing contaminant detection monitoring networks in aquifers. The approach eliminates bias in detection efficiency among well pairs, thereby improving the overall efficiency of a ground water monitoring network. In the equidistant configurations derived by the graphical approach, all wells are located the same distance from a landfill, but the distance is measured parallel to ground water flow, Measured perpendicular to ground water flow, there is also an equal spacing between wells in an equidistant network. A simulation model was used to compare an equidistant network to a peripheral monitoring configuration, in which wells were spaced evenly along the downgradient boundaries of a landfill. The equidistant network yielded a 12.4% higher detection efficiency and also facilitated earlier release detection. In practice, the graphical approach that yields equidistant configurations can be used to identify candidate monitoring networks to detect potential releases from landfills. 相似文献
15.
Gordon B. Murray Edward A. McBean Jonathan F. Sykes 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1995,15(4):148-154
Leakage rate calculations for both low- permeability soil liners and composite liners using flexible membrane liners (FMLs) overlying low-permeability soil are developed. Latin-Hypercube simulations with uncertainly assigned to the soil liner hydraulic conductivity value and the spatial frequency of FML holes are used to examine the variability in the liner leakage rates. The low-permeability soil hydraulic conductivity is the parameter with the greatest effect on landfill liner leakages rates. Composite liners have a significant impact on reducing leakage rates through the landfill liner. 相似文献
16.
为实现垃圾填埋场渗滤液在地下含水层中动态扩散及污染层修复过程的实时监测,利用自行设计的三维电学观测系统开展了室内相关监测实验.实验表明渗滤液在含水层中的扩散过程会引起不同时期实测电剖面上低阻异常区的动态变化.对比分析这种变化特征可确定渗滤液扩散区的污染程度、扩散速度及扩散方向.在注水修复过程中,扩散区污染物含量的降低会引起对应区域实测视电阻率值的升高和异常区范围的变化.实验结果对于实现垃圾渗滤液污染地下含水层现状调查及动态监测具有重要意义. 相似文献
17.
该研究运用国际上新近发展的"基于概率的完整性震级"(PMC)方法,计算获得山西及邻区区域地震台网44个台站对周边地震事件的检测概率及台网检测概率。发现,因台网布局等影响,山西中部断陷盆地展布区域及两侧隆起区大部分地区的最小完整性震级为MP≤1.5,山西西部边缘地区和最北端与内蒙古自治区、河北省交界地区震级达到1.5≤MP≤2.0,山西最南端的晋陕交界MP为3.0级左右。研究表明,为进一步提高山西地区整体监测能力,在山西西部边缘地区、最北端和最南端可增设台站或引入更多邻省台站。 相似文献
18.
Willis L. Webb 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1971,84(1):89-108
Summary The atmospheric electrical structure of the earth is postulated to be controlled by a motivating force in the lower ionosphere which is produced by interaction between neutral atmosphere tidal circulations and the ionospheric plasma in the presence of the earth's magnetic field. Associated electric fields power the dynamo currents through the Hall effect with a resulting development of a gross electric potential distribution in the lower ionosphere. Asymmetries in these hemispheric potential distributions result in exospheric current flows in lowL-shells and larger differences in potential produced by dynamo return current flows in high magnetic latitudes result in strong currents through highL-shells between auroral zones. Vertical thunderstorm currents with their associated lightning discharges effectively connect the earth to a low potential region of the dynamo circuit and thus supply the earth with an average negative charge which motivates a leakage tropospheric electrical circuit. In addition, the dynamo currents maintain the magnetic polar regions at different potentials with a resulting electrical exchange with the solar wind through the earth's near space. These considerations indicate that observed electrical and variable magnetic phenomena near the earth are all part of a single comprehensive electrical current system.This paper was read byH. Dolezalek in an abbreviated form supplied by the author. 相似文献