共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Eun-Hyuk Baek Joo-Hong Kim Jong-Seong Kug Gyu-Ho Lim 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(3):333-346
This study identifies favorable synoptic backgrounds for indirect precipitation events over the Korean Peninsula that occur well in advance of tropical cyclone (TC) landfall. Two TCs, i.e., Rammasun (2002) and Maemi (2003) that made landfall and produced heavy rainfall over the Peninsula are compared. Although both had a remarkably similar accumulated rainfall pattern over the peninsula, the temporal evolutions of hourly rainfall were different. Only Maemi had an indirect precipitation event in conjunction with a midlatitude trough to its north. The confluent flows at middle-to-upper levels were strengthened due to the increased pressure gradient between the midlatitude trough and the subtropical high, and the warm advection by the confluent flows also became stronger near the confluent zone. By contrast, Rammasun encountered the subtropical ridge while moving northward, which results in slow recurvature and reduction of the thermal gradient over the peninsula. The highly baroclinic synoptic backgrounds in the Maemi case lead to the midlevel frontogenesis. Budget analyses using the three-dimensional frontogenesis equation revealed that the horizontal deformation forcing had a primary role in generating the front. The front was associated with a thermally direct circulation that contributed to strong ascent and indirect precipitation over the peninsula well in advance of the landfall of Maemi. Moreover, the indirect precipitation could intensify due to the abundant low-level moisture supply to the frontal zone by the southerly wind on the east side of the TC. 相似文献
2.
The extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclone (TC) Haima (2004) was simulated to understand the impact of TC on midlatitude frontal systems. Two experiments were conducted using the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. In the control run (CTL), a vortex was extracted from the 24-hour pre-run output and then inserted into the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global final (FNL) analysis as an initial condition, while TC circulation was removed from the initial conditions in the sensitivity run (NOTC). Comparisons of the experiments demonstrate that the midlatitude front has a wider meridional extent in the NOTC run than that in the CTL run. Furthermore, the CTL run produces convection suppression to the southern side of the front due to strong cold advection related to the TC circulation. The easterly flow north of the TC not only decelerates the eastward displacement of the front and contracts its zonal scale but also transports more moisture westward and lifts the air along equivalent potential temperature surfaces ahead of the front. As a result, the ascending motion and diabatic heating are enhanced in the northeastern edge of the front, and the anticyclonic outflow in the upper-level is intensified. The increased pressure gradient and divergent flow aloft strengthen the upper-level jet and distort the trough axis in a northwest-southeast orientation. The thermal contrast between the two systems and the dynamic contribution related to the TC circulation can facilitate scalar and rotational frontogenesis to modulate the frontal structure. 相似文献
3.
A comparison of the vegetation response to rainfall in the Sahel and East Africa,using normalized difference vegetation index from NOAA AVHRR 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article presents the results of a study of the relationship between rainfall and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in East Africa and the Sahel. Monthly data for the years 1982 to 1985 have been analyzed. We have evaluated NDVI-rainfall relationships by vegetation type, using the major formations described by White (1983). In the article, a comparison of the differential response of vegetation growth to rainfall in the two study regions is emphasized. The most important conclusions of our research are as follows:
- The spatial patterns of annually-integrated NDVI closely reflect mean annual rainfall.
- There is a good relationship between rainfall variations and NDVI on seasonal and interannual time scales for areas where mean annual rainfall ranges from approximately 200 to 1200 mm.
- In most cases, NDVI is best correlated with the rainfall total for the concurrent plus two antecedent months; the correlation is better in the Sahel than in East Africa.
- The ratios of NDVI to rainfall are considerably higher in East Africa than in the Sahel.
- Mean annually-integrated NDVI is linearly related to mean annual rainfall in the Sahel. In East Africa the relationship is approximately log-linear; above some threshold value of rainfall, NDVI values level off and vary minimally with rainfall.
4.
Using 1°×1° final analysis(FNL) data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP),precipitation data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) and the best-track tropical cyclone(TC)dataset provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) for June-August of 2000-2009, we comprehensively consider the two factors low-level moisture channel and interaction between TCs and mid-latitude systems and implement a statistical analysis of remote precipitation in East Asia to the north of 0° and to the west of 150° E. 48 cases of remote precipitation occurred in this period, which are categorized into five classes. After a composite analysis of the different classes, the main systems at 850 h Pa and 500 h Pa that impact the remote precipitation are as follows:TC, mid-latitude trough, subtropical high and water vapor channel. In particular, the water vapor channel which usually connects with Indian monsoon has the most significant impact on remote heavy rainfall. Another important factor is the mid-latitude trough. The type of north trough/vortex-south TC remote precipitation events happen most frequently,accounting for 68.8% of the total incidence. Most remote precipitation events occur on the right side of the TC path(representing 71% of the total number). At 200 h Pa, the remote precipitation events usually occur on the right rear portion of a high-altitude jet stream, and there is an anti-cyclonic vortex to the east and west of the TCs. When there is no anti-cyclonic vortex to the east of the TC, the TC is relatively weak. When the remote precipitation occurs to the northwest of the TC and there is a trough in the northwest direction, the TC is relatively strong. Numerical experiments are carried out using Weather Research and Forecast(WRF) model. The results shows that the TC plays a main role in producing the heavy precipitation and results in the enhancement of precipitation by impacting the water vapor channel. 相似文献
5.
Three typhoon cases are selected to conduct a series of simulations that are initialized from sequential analyses. The results show that the forecast error in crucial area where a tropical cyclone (TC) interactes with the upstream trough is highly correlated to the track forecast error after the TC recurvature. Furthermore, sensitivity experiments confirm that the developments of the midlatitude downstream circulations and then the TC track after its recurvature are highly sensitive to the TC intensity and its location relative to the upstream trough, which can give an example or one way of sensitivity of the TC track to the TC-trough interaction. If the TC interacts with the upstream trough more strongly (e.g., the TC being intensified or getting closer to the upstream trough), the downstream circulations will be more meridional, thus the TC track will be more northerly and westerly; otherwise, the downstream circulations will be more zonal, and the TC track will be more southerly and easterly. 相似文献
6.
Jianxiu Qiu Xingguo Mo Suxia Liu Zhonghui Lin 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,118(1-2):159-171
Soil moisture variability of various spatial scales is analyzed based on empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method using soil moisture datasets with various spatial resolutions: 1 km eco-hydrological model simulation, 0.25° passive microwave (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System, AMSR-E) dataset, and 0.5° land surface model simulation from Climate Predictor Center (CPC). All three datasets generate EOFs that explain similar variances with those generated from in situ observations from agro-meteorological network. Using AMSR-E product and eco-hydrological model simulation, it is found that the primary spatial pattern of soil moisture obtained from watershed scale has a strong connection to topographic attributes, followed by soil texture and rainfall variability, as suggested by the correlation between the primary EOF mode (EOF1) of soil moisture and landscape attributes. However, the EOF analysis of both AMSR-E and CPC datasets at regional scale reaches the conclusion that soil texture indices, such as sand and clay content, is of higher importance to soil moisture EOF1 spatial pattern (explaining 61 % variance) than topography is. Furthermore, correlation between soil moisture EOF1 and soil property is higher in spring than in autumn, which indicates that soil water-holding and drainage capabilities are more important under dry conditions. At national scale, the combined effects of topographic feature and soil property are clearly exhibited in EOF1. The study results reveal that different emphases should be placed on accurate acquisition of landscape attributes for soil moisture estimation according to various spatial scales. 相似文献
7.
It is indicated in this paper that there were substantial differences of interannual variability (IIV) in summer rainfall over South China (RSC) among 1960–1977, 1978–1988, and 1989–2010. Notably, both IIV and mean RSC have significantly increased after 1992/1993. Relative to 1978–1988, the percentage increase of standard deviation (SD) of RSC is 230.32 % for 1993–2010. It indicates remarkable increase in IIV of RSC occurred 1993–2010, concurrent with rainfall increase. The results show that the mid-tropospheric meridional gradient of temperature over East Asia weakened in the later period, resulting in an anomalous cyclonic circulation, transporting more tropospheric moisture to South China and an upward motion at the middle and low levels of the troposphere. Meanwhile, IIV in the mid-tropospheric meridional gradient of temperature over East Asia resulted in IIVs both in the anomalous cyclonic circulation and in vertically integrated moisture content over South China. This scenario led to a significant increase in the IIV of summer rainfall over South China. Compared to 1978–1988, a greater increase in the IIV of warming over Mongolia–northeastern China and of excessive spring snow depth over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau were responsible for the increase in the IIV of the mid-tropospheric meridional gradient of the East Asian temperature during 1993–2010. Moreover, another slight increase in the IIV of summer rainfall over South China occurred in 1960–1977 relative to 1978–1988, which partly resulted from the weakening East Asian summer monsoon variability in the late 1970s. 相似文献
8.
The extratropical transitions(ETs)of tropical cyclones(TCs)over China and the ocean east to 150°E are investigated by the use of best-track data and JRA-25 reanalysis spanning 1979-2008.The ET events occurring north of 25°N and in the warm season(from May to October)are extracted from the reanalysis to emphasize the interaction between TC and midlatitude circulation.Statistical analysis shows that 18.5%of the warm-season TCs go through land ETs north of 25°N in the western North Pacific.And 20.5%of the ET events occur over the ocean east of 150°E.Most(62.2%)ET TCs over China gradually die out after ET,but more(70.7%)ocean ET cases have post-ET reintensification.The evolutions in cyclone phase space and the composite fields for land and ocean ETs,as well as the ET cases with and without post-ET reintensification,are further analyzed.It is found that most TCs with ET over China and those without post-ET reintensification evolve along the typical ET phase path as follows:emergence of thermal asymmetry→losing upper-level warm core→losing lower-level cold core→evolving as extratropical cyclone.The TCs undergoing ETs over ocean and those with post-ET reintensification form a high-level cold core before the ET onset.The TCs with land ET have long distance between the landing TC and a high-level trough.That makes the TC maintain more tropical features and isolates the TC flow from the upstream and downstream jets of the midlatitude trough.The structure of circulation leads to weak development of baroclinicity in land ET.On the contrary,shorter distance between ocean TC and high-level trough makes the high-level trough absorb the TC absolutely.Under that baroclinicity-favorable environment,strong cold advection makes the TC lose its high-level warm core before ET onset.The composite fields confirm that the TC with ocean ET has stronger baroclinic features.Generally,the TC at land ET onset is located to the south of the ridge of the subtropical high,which tends to prevent the TCs from interacting with midlatitude circulation.But for the ocean ET,the situation is just the opposite.Similar analyses are also carried out for the TCs with and without post-ET reintensification over both land and ocean east of 150°E.The results further prove that the TC with stronger baroclinic characteristics,especially in the circumstance favorable to its interaction with high-level midlatitude systems,has more opportunity to reintensify as an extratropical cyclone after ET. 相似文献
9.
Moisture exchange between the South Atlantic and southern Africa is examined in this study through zonal moisture transport.
Along the west coast of southern Africa, a multivariate analysis of the zonal flow of moisture computed from NCEP-DOE AMIP
II Re-analyses reveals a primary mode of variability typical of variations in intensity and of the latitudinal migration of
the circulation associated with the midlatitude westerlies and the South Atlantic anticyclone. In austral summer (January–February),
this mode, referred to as the South Atlantic midlatitude mode, is found to be well correlated with rainfall over southern
Africa (i.e. to the south of the upper lands surrounding the Congo basin). Its positive/negative phases are found to correspond
with surface pressures changes over the South Atlantic region in austral summer when the South Atlantic anticyclone is shifted
northward/southward respectively. Such changes are accompanied by dipole-like SST anomalies in the midlatitude South Atlantic
Ocean, while simultaneous SST anomalies with a similar structure are also found over South Indian Ocean regions. In January–February,
positive/negative events linked to the South Atlantic midlatitude mode are marked by meridional shifts (northward/southward)
and weakening/strengthening of the ITCZ over the southern tropics, together with modulations in intensity (weakened/sustained)
of the Angola low, which could act as a tropical source of moisture for Tropical Temperate Troughs (TTTs). In association
with a strengthened/weakened zonal component of the southern extension of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ), this could modulate
the meridional transfer of moisture south of 15°S to the advantage/detriment of Angolan coastal regions, where above/below
rainfall are expected. Variations in the latitudinal position (northward/southward) of the South Atlantic anticyclone, and
thus of the midlatitude westerlies, are also found to reduce/favour moisture advection towards southern Africa subtropics
allowing the southern Indian trades to penetrate less/more over the subcontinent south of 25°S. This would create a situation
where convection processes are inhibited/supported within the SICZ/TTTs region resulting in drier/wetter conditions locally
for positive/negative events respectively. 相似文献
10.
冬季华南准静止锋的结构和类型特征研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用12年(2000～2011年)逐日的FNL(Final Operational Global Analysis)分析资料和逐日的中国站点降水资料, 定义了一个冬季华南准静止锋强度指数, 并根据该指数挑选出强准静止锋事件, 研究了强事件的结构特征、环流分型及其与降水的关系。结果表明:冬季强准静止锋事件多发于1、2月, 其发生频次在近12年里呈现明显上升趋势。强准静止锋锋区表现为等假相当位温线、等温线的密集带, 但是锋区湿度变化不明显, 并有明显逆温, 锋区由南北风辐合构成, 上升气流主要位于锋区上部, 纬向有两个次级环流与锋区相对应, 伴随正相对涡度和水汽通量辐合。根据850 hPa风场在锋区的辐合情况, 强准静止锋可分为北风辐合型、南北风辐合型、南风辐合型三种类型。在这三种类型中, 北风辐合型对应的北方冷空气最强, 华南降水最少;南风辐合型对应的南支槽最活跃, 华南降水最多;南北风辐合型介于两者之间。冬季华南准静止锋与冬季华南降水有一定相关, 在强准静止锋的背景下, 降水偏多时, 锋区低层的水汽通量辐合和上升运动偏强, 华南处于偏强南支槽前。 相似文献
11.
梅雨锋急流暴雨日变化的地理原因研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
包括急流暴雨在内的梅雨降水存在显著日变化。过去曾从低空急流日变化等一些梅雨系统的内部联系寻求解释，但通过实例分析和气候比较认为：梅雨降水日变化的根本原因是东亚低层大气温度场日变化的区域性差异。造成这种差异的基本原因又包括两个方面，一是东亚特殊的地形构造，二是梅雨期特殊的云区分布。由于梅雨云带的存在，梅雨锋低槽内温度日变化很微弱；又由于高大地形的存在，梅雨锋低槽南北两侧温度日变化非常明显，使副高和中纬度变性高压在夜间增强，梅雨锋低槽也在夜间变深变窄，改变了早、晚时刻梅雨系统的相对强度和降水功能，导致降水日变化。低空急流系统的日变化是梅雨气压场形势出现日变化后发生的众多中间变化之一。而低层温度场日变化的区域性差异是东亚梅雨季节经常存在的一种气候现象。 相似文献
12.
利用逐小时加密观测站资料、三源融合降水资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析数据,分析了2019年第9号台风"利奇马"登陆后强降水的分布及演变特征,并对不同时段内与强降水落区有关的大尺度环境条件及水汽条件等因素进行了分析。结果表明:"利奇马"登陆后强降水范围出现了三次增幅,分别出现在登陆后3 h、登陆后14 h和次日清晨。进一步分析发现降水效率在登陆后也明显增加,第一次强降水主要由台风本体降水造成,并与低空急流的维持以及水汽输送的贡献有关;第二次降水增幅与北侧螺旋雨带的稳定维持密切相关,另外干冷空气的侵入也是造成降水结构非对称的原因;第三次在山东半岛出现的强降水与台风倒槽和干冷空气的叠加形成的锋生作用有关。 相似文献
13.
The synoptic and dynamic aspects of heavy rainfall occurred on 5th May 2017 and caused flash flooding in arid and semi-arid central-northern Iran is analyzed by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. This system synoptically is attributed to a surface low-pressure centered over southern Iran extended to the central parts, linking to a mid-tropospheric tilted-trough over western Iran, and advecting significant moisture from the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea to the studied area. The dynamical analysis revealed that the penetration of the upper-tropospheric potential vorticity streamer up to 300 hPa level was not related to such heavy rainfall. Contrarily, the low-level factors such as extensive moisture advection, mid-tropospheric diabatic processes such as the latent heat release, daytime deep convection, and topographical impact of Zagros Mountains were found as the key factors leading to this system. This study also examines 11 different convection schemes simulated by the WRF model and verified against rainfall observation. The forecast skills of the output simulations suggest the Grell-Devenyi scheme as the superior configuration in simulating observed precipitation of the event over the area. 相似文献
14.
利用常规观测资料、NCEP1°×1°逐6h再分析资料、地面自动站雨量资料,对1209号台风“苏拉”倒槽造成鄂西北特大暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:本次强降水天气过程是在“苏拉”台风倒槽、东南风和东风超低空急流、华北冷锋共同作用下产生的;台风倒槽建立了来自海上的水汽通道,为特大暴雨区提供了源源不断的水汽,降水强度则与水汽通量散度密切对应。 相似文献
15.
采用常规观测资料、地面加密观测资料、逐时云顶亮温TBB资料和1°×1°NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2013年7月8~11日四川盆地持续性暴雨天气过程的中尺度对流系统活动及其发生发展的物理机制进行了分析。结果表明:(1)暴雨过程发生在对流层中层中高纬度两槽一脊稳定维持的环流背景下,由活跃的高原低值系统以及异常稳定的副高西侧偏南气流配合低层冷空气作用造成。(2)极端降水过程分为暖区强对流性降水和相对稳定的锋面降水两个阶段;暖区对流性降水阶段,偏南暖湿气流源源不断向盆地输送水汽和能量,为暴雨发生提供了高能高湿条件,大气层结极不稳定,中尺度对流云团发展旺盛;锋面降水阶段层结趋于稳定,对流云团有所减弱,但仍有充足的水汽输送且降水云系稳定少动,致使盆地西部产生持续性降水。(3)500h Pa高原低槽前的正涡度平流诱发盆地西部低层气旋性涡度增加、低涡生成和发展,致使暖湿气流持续在盆地西部形成辐合上升,为暴雨的维持提供了很好的动力条件,两个降水阶段均为明显的低层辐合高层辐散的特征,暖区对流性降水阶段正涡度发展较锋面降水阶段更强。(4)青藏高原东侧的地形作用强迫气流在盆地西部强烈辐合上升,使得暖湿水汽更加有效率地形成降水,是此次极端强降水天气出现的一个重要动力因素。 相似文献
16.
Atmospheric teleconnection mechanisms of extratropical North Atlantic SST influence on Sahel rainfall 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yuwei Liu John C. H. Chiang Chia Chou Christina M. Patricola 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(9-10):2797-2811
Extratropical North Atlantic cooling has been tied to droughts over the Sahel in both paleoclimate observations and modeling studies. This study, which uses an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a slab ocean model that simulates this connection, explores the hypothesis that the extratropical North Atlantic cooling causes the Sahel droughts via an atmospheric teleconnection mediated by tropospheric cooling. The drying is also produced in a regional climate model simulation of the Sahel when reductions in air temperature (and associated geopotential height and humidity changes) from the GCM simulation are imposed as the lateral boundary conditions. This latter simulation explicitly demonstrates the central role of tropospheric cooling in mediating the atmospheric teleconnection from extratropical North Atlantic cooling. Diagnostic analyses are applied to the GCM simulation to infer teleconnection mechanisms. An analysis of top of atmosphere radiative flux changes diagnosed with a radiative kernel technique shows that extratropical North Atlantic cooling is augmented by a positive low cloud feedback and advected downstream, cooling Europe and North Africa. The cooling over North Africa is further amplified by a reduced greenhouse effect from decreased atmospheric specific humidity. A moisture budget analysis shows that the direct moisture effect and monsoon weakening, both tied to the ambient cooling and resulting circulation changes, and feedbacks by vertical circulation and evaporation augment the rainfall reduction. Cooling over the Tropical North Atlantic in response to the prescribed extratropical cooling also augments the Sahel drying. Taken together, they suggest a thermodynamic pathway for the teleconnection. The teleconnection may also be applicable to understanding the North Atlantic influence on Sahel rainfall over the twentieth century. 相似文献
17.
山东半岛南部一次沿海强降雨成因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站观测资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料和雷达探测等资料,对2012年9月21日山东半岛南部沿海强降雨过程的成因进行了天气学诊断分析,结果表明:1强降雨是在500hPa第1个西风槽过后第2个西风槽逼近的过程中产生的,850hPa以下为偏南的向岸风,且风速随时间增大,形成偏南的超低空急流,持续地向沿海输送水汽和能量,造成水汽辐合、湿度增大、对流有效位能升高。产生强降雨的水汽和不稳定能量条件远小于内陆地区。2在向岸的超低空急流的左侧产生中小尺度的涡旋和辐合上升,海岸地形抬升作用使得上升运动加强,触发对流不稳定能量释放,造成强降水。3在雷达回波中,小尺度的对流单体沿海岸线向西南方向发展,后期在日照附近的沿海形成弓状回波,向东南海区移动。 相似文献
18.
热带气旋的登陆及其与中纬度环流系统相互作用的研究 总被引：36，自引：6，他引：36
热带气旋的主要灾害往往在登陆前后造成，登陆问题是当今热带气旋 研究的重点。热带气旋与中纬度环流系统相互作用，不仅影响热带气旋的结构和强度变化， 也对中纬度地区天气产生重大影响。西风槽强度的变化可使热带气旋的降水突然 增幅３０％。环境场的急剧调整常引起热带气旋运动突变，在弱环境场中，热带气旋的异常运 动与非对称结构关系紧密。中纬度系统对热带气旋的非对称结构有重要影响。另一方面，热 带气旋向极移动过程中携带了大量可供中纬度地区降水的水汽，在气旋性切变的环境场中， 热带气旋还向环境场输送能量，并激发和增强中纬度气旋性环流系统的发展，触发严重的灾 害性天气。热带气旋有时也会截断低纬向中纬度的水汽输送及中纬度波动的能量频散，９５％ 左右的南海热带气旋对梅雨有显著影响，其中约８６％的热带气旋会导致梅雨减弱中断甚至结 束。 相似文献
19.
The Weather Regional Forecast (WRF) model is used in this study to downscale low-resolution data over West Africa. First, the performance of the regional model is estimated through contemporary period experiments (1981?C1990) forced by ARPEGE-CLIMAT GCM output (ARPEGE) and ERA-40 re-analyses. Key features of the West African monsoon circulation are reasonably well represented. WRF atmospheric dynamics and summer rainfall compare better to observations than ARPEGE forcing data. WRF simulated moisture transport over West Africa is also consistent in both structure and variability with re-analyses, emphasizing the substantial role played by the West African Monsoon (WAM) and African Easterly Jet (AEJ) flows. The statistical significance of potential climate changes for the A2 scenario between 2032 and 2041 is enhanced in the downscaling from ARPEGE by the regional experiments, with substantial rainfall increases over the Guinea Gulf and eastern Sahel. Future scenario WRF simulations are characterized by higher temperatures over the eastern Tropical Atlantic suggesting more evaporation available locally. This leads to increased moisture advection towards eastern regions of the Guinea Gulf where rainfall is enhanced through a strengthened WAM flow, supporting surface moisture convergence over West Africa. Warmer conditions over both the Mediterranean region and northeastern Sahel could also participate in enhancing moisture transport within the AEJ. The strengthening of the thermal gradient between the Sahara and Guinean regions, particularly pronounced north of 10°N, would support an intensification of the AEJ northwards, given the dependance of the jet to the position/intensity of the meridional gradient. In turn, mid-tropospheric moisture divergence tends to be favored within the AEJ region supporting southwards deflection of moist air and contributing to deep moist convection over the Sahel where late summer rainfall regimes are sustained in the context of the A2 scenario regional projections. In conclusion, WRF proved to be a valuable and efficient tool to help downscaling GCM projections over West Africa, and thus assessing issues such as water resources vulnerability locally. 相似文献
20.
Scott Curtis 《Climate Dynamics》2008,30(4):343-351
The tail of the distribution of daily precipitation for August–September–October was examined over the United States and Mexico
in relation to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). As expected from previous studies linking the AMO to hurricane
activity, Florida and the coastal Southeast US showed an increase in precipitation intensity when the Atlantic was in a warm
phase (AMO+). Also during AMO+ Northwest Mexico was dry and exhibited a reduction of extreme events and the Mid-Atlantic Appalachian
Mountains showed evidence of an increase in heavy precipitation compared to when the Atlantic was cool. It is proposed that
the aforementioned decadal variations in extreme rainfall are forced by changes in the large-scale surface winds and air temperature
in conjunction with the AMO. Namely, an anomalous cyclonic circulation is observed off the Southeast coast, leading to a reduction
of moisture flux into the decaying North American monsoon, and an increase in moisture flux into the Mid-Atlantic. Further,
the Mid-Atlantic shows a relatively strong increase in the mid-tropospheric lapse rate. Thus, the unique combination of low-level
humidity, potential instability, and elevated topography are consistent with an enhanced risk of intense rainfall during AMO+. 相似文献