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1.
长江的演化对于了解现代亚洲地貌格局的演变,以及探讨河流发育对构造隆升和季风演化的响应均具有十分重要的意义。前人已采用多种方法厘定长江的演化历史,但对长江贯通时限等问题仍存在较大的争议。目前物源示踪是进行河流演化研究的重要方法之一,其关键在于选取的示踪剂能够有效地代表源区信息并能准确定年。锆石的封闭温度高,可十分稳定地记录源区信息,且在河流中广泛存在,采集样品方便,锆石U-Pb年代学分析方法成熟,因而广泛应用于长江流域物源示踪研究。但长江流域面积广泛,流经的地质单元岩性复杂,流域内热历史信息丰富,这导致单纯利用该方法进行物源示踪研究面临诸多亟待解决的问题。文中在国内外研究资料的基础上,基于从"源"到"汇"系统的研究思路,通过对比分析,指出基于碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学进行长江流域物源示踪研究的局限性以及需要注意的问题。 相似文献
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利用1951～2002年全国733个测站经过非均一性检验的月平均气温资料,在剔除50万以上人口大城市测站后,分析了52年来中国东、西部及青藏高原地区的气温变化趋势的一致性和差异性,并讨论了其可能原因.结果表明我国东、西部地区年、季平均气温变化有着较好的一致性;近52年来,我国东、西部和青藏高原地区年平均气温均呈升温趋势,年平均气温的增温速率东部为026℃/10a,西部018℃/10a,东部比西部高008℃/10a;季平均气温东部地区冬、春季的增暖趋势大于西部和青藏高原,而其夏、秋季的增暖趋势小于西部和青藏高原.我国东、西部地区年、季平均气温变化关系密切,说明其主要是受全球气候变化的影响而变化,但东部年平均气温的增暖总趋势大于西部,又说明地域差异在气温变化中也有重要作用. 相似文献
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《地震研究进展（英文）》2021,1(4):100034
We use earthquakes recorded by the China National Seismic Network from 2015 to 2019 and measure shear wave splitting parameters of SKS to study the anisotropic characteristics beneath the mainland of China. In general, the fast directions change from nearly E-W in western China (northwest China and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau) to nearly N–S in central China (Ordos and Sichuan-Yunnan), and then turn to approximately E-W in eastern China (North and South China). The delay times of slow wave in eastern China are about 1.0–1.7 s, larger than those in central and western China (about 0.6–1.0 s). In addition, the fast directions in eastern China are highly consistent with the plate motion direction and horizontal GPS velocities with respect to Eurasia, indicating that the observed anisotropy is mainly from the asthenosphere which is strongly coupled to the overlying lithosphere. However, the fast directions in western China are mostly in accord with the strike of the surface structures (such as faults), possibly due to the directional arrangement of crystal lattices caused by shear deformation under tectonic activities. 相似文献
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巨型左旋走滑的阿尔金断裂是青藏高原的北部边界,在印度-欧亚板块碰撞过程中起重要的调节作用,控制着青藏高原东北部的构造演化,认识其活动演化对理解青藏高原的构造变形过程和机制具有重要意义。阿尔金断裂南侧存在一系列弧形地貌单元,知晓这些弧形带是原始弧形弯曲还是后期由于阿尔金断裂左旋走滑拖曳而形成的,对认识阿尔金断裂的构造演化具有重要意义。文中在前期阿尔金断裂南侧柴西英雄岭和柴北缘2条弧形带不同部位已开展的精细古地磁旋转变形研究的基础上,综合研究区和阿尔金断裂附近已有的古地磁旋转变形研究结果和弧形带几何形态学等其它地质证据,分析发现这2条弧形带的几何学特征是由其不同部位发生旋转变形所导致的,且旋转变形与该时段阿尔金断裂的快速左旋走滑活动密切相关。通过上述工作,更加全面地了解了阿尔金断裂新生代2阶段的走滑特征,进一步限定了阿尔金断裂早渐新世以来左旋滑移量,以柴西段为参照系滑移量至少约350～430km,以柴北缘段为参照系至少约380～460km,平均滑移速率至少约10. 6～13. 9mm/a。 相似文献
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用经验正交函数分析方法,对中国近海14年多的测高海平面同化格网资料进行分析,给出了黄海、东海和南海各海平面变化主要主成分的空间变化和时间变化特征.用标准Morlet小波变换方法分析了各海区主成分时间变化序列的时频特征.分析结果表明,各主成分的空间分布特征与当地的海洋环流或洋流特征相对应.时频分析结果显示,中国近海海平面变化的显著周期主要为年周期信号.其次,黄海和东海还显示准2个月的非稳态信号,东海和南海具有较显著的半年周期信号,东海半年周期信号的能量不稳定.此外,在南海及台湾东部海域,首次发现存在较为显著的准540天周期信号,其动力学机制目前尚不明确.坎门和西沙验潮站资料的时频特征分析也验证了该信号的存在.最后本文给出了中国近海海平面在1993~2007年间的平均上升速率和其区域分布特征. 相似文献
6.
The characteristics and correlation of faults and earthquakes are discussed based on fractal and statistical analysis of the
earthquakes in the last 500 years and the active faults in China. It is found that fractal relationship exists between the
frequency and the length of the active faults, and the fractal dimension is 1.70 in the continental region of China, and 1.40
in the northwest China. The fractal relationship also exists between the frequency and the scales of earthquakes during the
last five centuries and the fractal dimension is 1.30 for the whole continental region of China and 1.08 for the northwest
China. The differences of the fractal dimensions between the active faults and the earthquakes indicate that some of the active
faults have not caused earthquakes during the last 500 years. The differences of fractal dimensions of the active faults and
earthquakes between the northwest China and the whole continental region of China suggest that the frequency of strong earthquakes
is greater in northwest China than that of the average level of China, because the number of longer active faults is larger
in northwest China than that of the average in whole China. Thus, the fractal analysis is an effective method for studies
of faults and earthquakes. 相似文献
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Ｆｒａｃｔａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｆａｕｌｔｓａｎｄｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓ———ＡｃａｓｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆＣｈｉｎａＪＩＡＮＷＡＮＧ（王建）ＸＩＡＯＨＵＡＺＨＵ（朱晓华）ＹＯＮＧＨＵＩＸＵ（徐永辉）ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇ... 相似文献
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利用库仑临界锥角理论和沙箱物理模拟进行褶皱冲断带的研究时,通常忽略了楔形体介质的内聚力.岩石力学实验结果表明,岩石内聚力通常在几到几十兆帕范围内变化.楔形体介质强度的变化是否会影响褶皱冲断带的时空演化?针对这一问题,我们建立了岩石内聚力分别是10MPa、20MPa和50MPa的3个二维弹塑性有限元模型,模型包含了楔形体介质的弹塑性材料非线性和底部滑脱带的接触非线性.该模型考虑了不同介质强度、底部滑脱带摩擦、重力和边界构造加载的影响,更为符合实际.计算结果表明,岩石内聚力为10MPa时,楔形体内的断坡首先在楔形体近端产生,从近端依次向远端发展;岩石内聚力是20MPa时,断坡开始在楔形体近端产生,随后在远端也开始形成,最后由两端向中间汇聚;岩石内聚力是50MPa时,断坡先从楔形体远端形成,从远端向近端依次发展.我们还讨论了底部滑脱层倾角对褶皱冲断带演化的影响,结果表明较低的底部滑脱面倾角易产生由近端向远端演化的样式,中等滑脱面倾角易产生两端向中间演化的样式,较高滑脱面倾角易产生由远端向近端演化的样式.我们得到了三种不同的褶皱冲断带时空演化的模式,其结果可以用来解释青藏高原东北缘依次向北东方向发展的海原-六盘山断层、天景山断层、烟筒山断层系统的时空演化. 相似文献
10.
武汉地区90%为第四系所覆盖,但目前针对第四纪年代地层的研究严重滞后。文中在武汉市城市地质调查施工的数百个钻孔中选择了地层发育齐全、适于进行磁性地层研究的SK2钻孔进行了古地磁极性测试和分析,并重点对SK2钻孔进行了磁性地层的划分,初步建立了武汉市第四纪磁性地层的年代序列。结果表明,SK2钻孔的布容与松山(B/M)界线位于孔深约29. 6m处,其古地磁年龄约0. 78Ma;松山反向带中的正极性亚时贾拉米洛(Jaramillo)、奥杜威(Olduvai)、留尼汪(Reunion)Ⅱ分别位于孔深38. 2～39. 8m、66. 5～71. 9m和75. 8～78. 4m处。依据磁性地层结果对研究钻孔进行了第四纪地层划分,SK2钻孔的1. 2～14. 1m为上更新统,15～29. 6m为中更新统,29. 6～78. 8m为下更新统。计算SK2钻孔地层的沉积速率后发现,古地磁年代1. 47～1. 57Ma BP和1. 07～1. 21Ma BP为2个沉积速率相对增大的阶段。 相似文献
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Extreme climate events,migration for cultivation and policies:A case study in the early Qing Dynasty of China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
FANG XiuQi YE Yu & ZENG ZaoZao School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing China Institute of Geographical Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(3):411-421
Based on the historical records of the annual increase in the workforce (men older than 16 years of age), the annual new taxed cropland in the Shengjing area (Northeast China), the extreme climate events in North China, and related management policies in Northeast China during 1661―1680, a case study has been conducted to investigate the relationship between the extreme climate events in North China and the migration to Northeast China for cultivation. This study has found that the migration to Northeast China for cultivation from 1661 to 1680 was a response to the drought events that occurred in North China. The upsurge of migration, which occurred in 1665―1680, was a response to the drought period during 1664―1680 in North China while the fewer disasters period in Northeast China. There were three migratory peaks during the upsurge of migration, which corresponded to the three drought events. The peaks of migration, however, often lagged behind the drought events about 1―2 years. The encourag-ing-migration policy, which was adopted to encourage cultivation in Northeast China, did not produce much migration into the region in the early Qing Dynasty. It did, however, provide a policy background, which ensured more than 10000 migrants per year to Northeast China when North China suffered from drought/flood disasters. As a response to the highest peak of migration induced by the severe droughts in North China during 1664―1667, a prohibiting-migration policy restricted further migration to Northeast China was carried out in 1668. Although the prohibiting-migration policy could not entirely stop the migrants fleeing from famine in North China to Northeast China, the migrants and cultivation were significantly reduced under the policy. The frequent changes of the policy on the years when taxation started after the land was cultivated were also related to climate events. The extreme climate events in North China, migration to Northeast China for cultivation, and the related management poli-cies showed an impact-response chain, which reflected the interaction among extreme climate events, human behavior, and policies. 相似文献
13.
Spatial patterns of terrestrial net ecosystem productivity in China during 1981–2000 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tao Bo Cao MingKui Li KeRang Gu FengXue Ji JinJun Huang Mei Zhang LeiMing 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(5):745-753
As the third largest country in the world, China has highly variable environmental condition and ecological pattern in both
space and time. Quantification of the spatial-temporal pattern and dynamic of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle in China
is of great significance to regional and global carbon budget. In this study, we used a high-resolution climate database and
an improved ecosystem process-based model to quantify spatio-temporal pattern and dynamic of net ecosystem productivity (NEP)
in China and its responses to climate change during 1981 to 2000. The results showed that NEP increased from north to south
and from northeast to southwest. Positive NEP (carbon sinks) occurred in the west of Southwest China, southeastern Tibet,
Sanjiang Plain, Da Hinggan Mountains and the mid-west of North China. Negative NEP (carbon sources) were mainly found in Central
China, the south of Southwest China, the north of Xinjiang, west and north of Inner Mongolia, and parts of North China. From
the 1980s to 1990s, the increasing trend of NEP occurred in the middle of Northeast China Plain and the Loess Plateau and
decreasing trends mainly occurred in a greater part of Central China. In the study period, natural forests had minimal carbon
uptake, while grassland and shrublands accounted for nearly three fourths of the total carbon terrestrial uptakes in China
during 1981–2000.
Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (G2002CB412507), the Major Program of the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant No.30590384), the “Hundred Talent” Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and K C WONE Education
Foundation 相似文献
14.
华北克拉通中东部基底构造单元的重磁特征 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
系统收集并重新处理了华北克拉通中东部的重磁资料,利用处理结果,结合近年来华北克拉通前寒武纪结晶基底构造研究的进展,重新将华北克拉通中东部划分为2个一级重磁异常单元和7个二级重磁异常单元;重点描述了7条分划性断裂的重磁特征,特别指出中国东部重力梯度带正是华北克拉通中部带的集中表现,而郯庐断裂带和兰考～聊城～盐山～台安-大洼断裂带是燕山期陆内不同刚性块体调整的重要边界,所以也是重磁特征的变异带．据此,对华北克拉通断裂与构造单元的重磁异常特征赋予了新的地质意义．研究表明,华北克拉通现今的地球物理特征能够反映结晶基底构造,其原因是华北克拉通现今构造格局是中新生代构造继承结晶基底构造的结果． 相似文献
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为进一步加强对福建地区噪声特性的认识以及提升台站地震观测质量,计算了2014年福建地震台网宽频带地震仪连续观测数据的功率谱概率密度函数,并分析其影响因素和不同频段时空变化特性。结果表明:人文噪声平均水平最高地区位于福建沿海福州至厦门一带,07:00—18:00的功率谱密度要明显高于其它时间段,12:00左右出现间歇性低谷期,夜间有不同程度的降低,日变化除了在春节假期大幅下降外,均处于较为稳定态势;福建地区次级微震主要成分是Rayleigh波,主频约为2.7 s,主微震主频约为16 s,次级微震平均水平最高地区也位于沿海一带,向内陆方向呈衰减趋势,其日变化明显,与台风和潮高有较高的相关性。 相似文献
17.
The neotectonic deformation and earthquake activity in Zhuanglang river active fault zone of Lanzhou 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Introduction Zhuanglang river active fault zone, which located in the western of Zhuanglang river valley, north of Hekou, the Xigu district of Lanzhou city, is composed of several echelon small faults, these faults display not very clear on surface. Predecessors thought that this fault from Yongdeng to Hekou was active in Late Pleistocene and even in Holocene through limited research works, they also believed that these earthquakes with magnitude 641 happened at Yongdeng and magnitude 521 … 相似文献
18.
As the third largest country in the world, China has highly variable environmental condition and eco logical pattern in both space and time. Quantification of the spatial-temporal pattern and dynamic of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle in China is of great significance to regional and global carbon budget. In this study, we used a high-resolution climate database and an improved ecosystem process-based model to quantify spatio-temporal pattern and dynamic of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in China and its responses to climate change during 1981 to 2000. The results showed that NEP increased from north to south and from northeast to southwest. Positive NEP (carbon sinks) occurred in the west of Southwest China, southeastern Tibet, Sanjiang Plain, Da Hinggan Mountains and the mid-west of North China. Negative NEP (carbon sources) were mainly found in Central China, the south of Southwest China, the north of Xinjiang, west and north of Inner Mongolia, and parts of North China.From the 1980s to 1990s, the increasing trend of NEP occurred in the middle of Northeast China Plain and the Loess Plateau and decreasing trends mainly occurred in a greater part of Central China. In the study period, natural forests had minimal carbon uptake, while grassland and shrublands accounted for nearly three fourths of the total carbon terrestrial uptakes in China during 1981 -2000. 相似文献
19.
基于R值评分的年度地震预报能力评价 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
针对中国大陆东、西部地震活动水平的差异，以东经107^o为界用二种方案进行地震预报效能检验的R值评分。第一种方案用西部5．5级、东部5．0级为检验震级下限；第二种方案以西部6．0级、东部5．0级为检验震级下限。结果表明第一种方案更为科学，13年来中国大陆地震预报效能检验平均的R值约为0．26。进一步考虑不同危险区预报震级与实际发生地震震级间的差异，中还分震级档计算了相应的R值评分。结果显示，我国目前对6．0级左右地震的预测水平较其他震级档更为成功。 相似文献